Marginal bone loss in the second molar related to impacted mandibular third molars : comparison between panoramic images and cone beam computed tomography

Deciding whether or not to extract third molars remains a controversial situation in dental practice. Image exams support this decision by enabling a close view of the third molar, its adjacent bone and its relationship with the second molar. This study aimed to assess and compare second molar bone loss adjacent to impacted mandibular third molar in panoramic radiographs (PAN) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. A sample of 70 patients was selected (n=124 teeth). Each patient had a set of a panoramic radiograph and CBCT scans consecutively taken for dental treatment purposes. In PAN and CBCT, mandibular third molars were classified based on their position and bone loss of the adjacent second molar. Agreement between PAN and CBCT scans was assessed and quantified. Outcomes of bone loss assessment were different between PAN and CBCT scans (p<0.05). Bone loss was found in 62.9% of the PAN, while in CBCT scans it was found in 80%. In particular, nearly 29% (n=27) of the teeth that were classified without bone loss in PAN were classified with bone loss in CBCT scans. Mesioangular and horizontal third molars had a statistically significant association with bone loss of the adjacent second molars (p<0.05). In general, PAN underestimated the severity of bone loss compared to CBCT scans (p<0.05). Diagnosing second molar bone loss due to impaction of adjacent third molar in PAN may be challenging because of false negatives. Impacted third molars justify preoperative CBCT scans if second molar bone loss needs to be precisely assessed for a more detailed and reliable treatment plan

Prevalence of Oral Lesions in Hospitalized Patients with Infectious Diseases in Northern Brazil

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral lesions in infectious-contagious diseases patients being treated in the University Hospital of the Federal University of Pará, northern Brazil. One hundred seven patients with infectious diseases were clinically investigated for oral lesions at the University Hospital of Pará, northern Brazil. From total sample, most patients were men (65.7%) with a mean age of 45.4 years. About prevalence of systemic diseases, tuberculosis was the most frequent illness, followed by AIDS, hepatitis types B and C, leishmaniasis, and meningitis. Analyzing oral manifestations, periodontal diseases and candidiasis were the most prevalent diseases in both genders, followed by recurrent aphthous ulcers, saburral tongue, simplex herpes, and squamous cell carcinoma. Of all 107 patients, only 10 males and 6 females did not present any oral manifestation. There was no statistical difference between genders with any systemic condition (P>0.05). The great prevalence of oral manifestations in hospitalized patients with systemic disorder emphasizes the need of integral dental care in this context, aiming at a multidisciplinary approach of patients. Therefore, presence of some oral conditions, such as candidiasis, should be an alert to different systemic conditions, once in assistance with physicians; dentists can influence the early diagnosis and treatment

Two-dimensional radiographs versus cone-beam computed tomography in planning mini-implant placement : a systematic review

This study aimed to compare two-dimensional radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for mini-implant planning. A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar electronic databases accord

Prevalence of Oral Lesions in Hospitalized Patients with Infectious Diseases in Northern Brazil

Brazil. One hundred seven patients with infectious diseases were clinically investigated for oral lesions at the University Hospital of Pará, northern Brazil. From total sample, most patients were men (65.7%) with a mean age of 45.4 years. About prevalence of systemic diseases, tuberculosis was the most frequent illness, followed by AIDS, hepatitis types B and C, leishmaniasis, and meningitis. Analyzing oral manifestations, periodontal diseases and candidiasis were the most prevalent diseases in both genders, followed by recurrent aphthous ulcers, saburral tongue, simplex herpes, and squamous cell carcinoma. Of all 107 patients, only 10 males and 6 females did not present any oral manifestation. There was no statistical difference between genders with any systemic condition ( &gt; 0.05). The great prevalence of oral manifestations in hospitalized patients with systemic disorder emphasizes the need of integral dental care in this context, aiming at a multidisciplinary approach of patients. Therefore, presence of some oral conditions, such as candidiasis, should be an alert to different systemic conditions, once in assistance with physicians; dentists can influence the early diagnosis and treatment

Cone-beam computed tomography in Endodontics:an exploratory research of the main clinical applications

This study revisited three oral radiology centers (ORC) and screened the main clinical indications that justified the request for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in Endodontics. The databases of three ORCs were searched for requests of CBCT exams taken for Endodontic purposes over the last two years. The extracted data consisted of the total number of CBCT exams, the clinical indication in the endodontic field that justified the CBCT exam, the outcome of each exam (from the report of Oral Radiologists), and demographic data of the patients. From the total CBCT exams (n = 4,583), nearly 13% (n = 611) were taken for Endodontic purposes. Most of the clinical indications were related to root fractures (65%) and periapical lesions/disease (24.1%). Radiologists’ reports hypothesized more often toward periapical lesion/disease (70.5%), root fracture (51.4%) and accidents/complications (25.2%). Some clinical indications significantly varied based on age. In particular, post-traumatic imaging and the investigation of root resorption were more common in young patients, while the prevalence of exams for the investigation of pulpal calcifications and root fractures increased with age. More interestingly, there was a significant disagreement between the clinical indication that justified the CBCT examinations and the outcomes retrieved from radiologists’ reports (p &lt; 0.005). This study illustrates the broad spectrum of CBCT applications for the diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up in Endodontics. Attention is necessary to the disagreements between clinical indications and imaging outcomes, especially because certain conditions in the routine Endodontics are only visible with the aid of advanced tools.Este estudio revisitó tres centros de radiología oral (CRO) y cribo las principales indicaciones clínicas que justificaron la solicitud de examen por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en endodoncia. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de tres CRO en busca de solicitudes de exámenes CBCT realizados con fines endodónticos durante los últimos dos años. Los datos extraídos consistieron en el número total de exámenes CBCT, la indicación clínica en el campo endodóntico que justificó el examen CBCT, el resultado de cada examen (del informe de los radiólogos orales) y los datos demográficos de los pacientes. Del total de exámenes CBCT (n = 4583), casi el 13% (n = 611) se tomaron con fines de endodoncia. La mayoría de las indicaciones clínicas se relacionaron con fracturas radiculares (65%) y lesiones / enfermedades periapicales (24,1%). Los informes de los radiólogos plantearon con mayor frecuencia la hipótesis de lesión / enfermedad periapical (70,5%), fractura de raíz (51,4%) y accidentes / complicaciones (25,2%). Algunas indicaciones clínicas variaron significativamente según la edad. En particular, las imágenes postraumáticas y la investigación de la reabsorción radicular fueron más comunes en pacientes jóvenes, mientras que la prevalencia de exámenes para la investigación de calcificaciones pulpares y fracturas radiculares aumentó con la edad. Más interesante aún, hubo un desacuerdo significativo entre la indicación clínica que justificaba los exámenes CBCT y los resultados obtenidos de los informes de los radiólogos (p &lt;0,005). Este estudio ilustra el amplio espectro de CBCT para el diagnóstico, la planificación del tratamiento y el seguimiento en endodoncia. Es necesario prestar atención a los desacuerdos entre las indicaciones clínicas y los resultados de las imágenes, especialmente porque ciertas condiciones en la endodoncia de rutina solo son visibles con la ayuda de herramientas avanzadas.O presente estudo revisitou três centros de radiologia odontológica (ORC) e rastreou as principais indicações clínicas que justificaram a solicitação do exame de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) em Endodontia. Os bancos de dados de três ORCs foram pesquisados em busca de solicitações de exames CBCT realizados para fins endodônticos nos últimos dois anos. Os dados extraídos consistiram no número total de exames de TCFC, a indicação clínica na área endodôntica que justificou o exame de TCFC, o resultado de cada exame (a partir do laudo do Radiologista Oral) e os dados demográficos dos pacientes. Do total de exames de TCFC (n = 4.583), quase 13% (n = 611) foram feitos para fins endodônticos. A maioria das indicações clínicas foi relacionada a fraturas radiculares (65%) e lesões / doenças periapicais (24,1%). Os laudos dos radiologistas levantaram a hipótese mais frequentemente de lesão / doença periapical (70,5%), fratura radicular (51,4%) e acidentes / complicações (25,2%). Algumas indicações clínicas variaram significativamente com base na idade. Em particular, a imagem pós-traumática e a investigação de reabsorção radicular foram mais comuns em pacientes jovens, enquanto a prevalência de exames para investigação de calcificações pulpares e fraturas radiculares aumentou com a idade. Mais curiosamente, houve uma discordância significativa entre a indicação clínica que justificou os exames de TCFC e os resultados obtidos dos relatórios dos radiologistas (p &lt;0,005). Este estudo ilustra o amplo espectro de aplicações da TCFC para o diagnóstico, planejamento de tratamento e acompanhamento em Endodontia. É preciso atentar para as divergências entre as indicações clínicas e os desfechos de imagem, principalmente porque certas condições da rotina da Endodontia só são visíveis com o auxílio de ferramentas avançadas

Analysis of predictors of root resorption in the orthodontic treatment (Part II)

This study aims to analyze the predictors of root resorption in orthodontic treatment. From 407 records, 377 pretreatment and posttreatment periapical radiographs of permanent maxillary central incisors of 199 patients treated with fixed appliances were divided according to the apical morphologies: pipetteshaped, dilacerated, pointed, rounded and rectangular; crown/root ratio; and presence or absence of partial hypodontia. Changes in root length between the onset and completion of orthodontic treatment were measured in digitized images and statistically compared using T student, one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The apical morphology influenced the occurrence of root resorption; teeth with rounded and rectangular apical morphologies were more resistant to root resorption (.001 and .0007, respectively). Short teeth and the presence of partial hypodontia or multiple partial hypodontia did not present greater tendency to root resorption (.1008 and .1544, respectively). The results indicated that abnormal apical morphology is a predictor of external apical root resorption after corrective orthodontic therapy. However, short teeth and partial hypodontia did not increase the prevalence of apical resorption. The susceptibility or individual predisposition to tooth resorptions during orthodontic treatment may be related to the apical morphology

Uso de maconha medicinal nos tratamentos de doenças neurológicas / Use of medicinal marijuana in the treatment of neurological diseases

O seguinte estudo tem como objetivo descrever sobre o uso da maconha medicinal no tratamento de doenças neurológicas. A Cannabis possui importância nutricional, medicinal e industrial como alimento, fármaco, fibra, e óleo combustível, além da utilização em cerimônias religiosas em diversas regiões do mundo. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. A elaboração da pergunta norteadora ocorreu fazendo uso do acrônimo PICo (população, interesse e contexto), sendo P (doenças neurológicas), I (uso da maconha medicinal) e C (tratamento), o que gerou na seguinte indagação: como se dá o uso da maconha medicinal no tratamento de doenças neurológicas? O levantamento nas bases de dados foi efetuado na Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-line (MEDLINE), Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), por intermédio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), e a Biblioteca Virtual (Scielo). Os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) utilizados foram: “cannabis”, “neurologia” e “terapêutica”, cruzados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Foi possível perceber que, a Cannabis é benéfica para alívio da dor, melhora dos sintomas cognitivos e atenuação do processo fisiopatológico subjacente. A literatura voltada para o modo de execução da Cannabis é muito escassa e existem muitas controvérsias em relação ao protocolo utilizado, tornando-se necessária a realização de novos estudos com maior número amostral, de modo que possam obter resultados mais significativos e amplos

Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition

The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely to be hyperdominant than non-domesticated species. Across the basin the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increases in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples