Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Suivi médical et environnement du saturnisme infantile (étude sur les enfants intoxiqués dépistés dans les centres de Protection Maternelle et Infantile de Seine-Saint-Denis)

Centre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Créativité et systèmes complexes: Proceedings des journées de Rochebrune 2020

National audienceCe n’est pas par hasard que Rochebrune est essentiellement un lieu de recherche. Hors de toutes contraintes institutionnelles, Rochebrune est le lieu du doute et du questionnement de nos pratiques scientifiques en prise avec les systèmes complexes du physique au social, naturels ou artificiels.C’est, de ce fait, un lieu privilégié du dialogue interdisciplinaire qui permet à chacun d’ouvrir ses perspectives en interaction soutenue avec les autres. Ceci ne peut se faire que dans un lieu physique approprié et depuis 1992, il s’agit d’un chalet isolé et chaleureux qui nous accueille au sommet des pistes de Megève créant ainsi le vase clos indispensable à l’alchimie du dialogue.La question de la créativité est au cœur de l’école thématique 2020 avec trois interrogations principales :• Comment est définie la créativité par les disciplines ?• Comment la créativité est traitée par les disciplines, et dans quels buts ?• Comment la créativité interagit avec les systèmes complexes ?Face à ces interrogations qui transcendent les disciplines et les objets d’études, les 27es journées de Rochebrune 2020 ont pour objectif de dresser les contours d’une réflexion sur la notion de créativité et des systèmes complexes dans les différentes disciplines afin d’en établir à la fois un inventaire et une compréhension de leur appropriation interdisciplinaire

[Lead exposure in pregnant women and newborns: a screening update.]

Human lead exposure has many sources. Relative importance of these sources varies widely according to geographic regions and human lifestyle. The impact of lead exposure on health has been well studied and public health interventions have been conducted. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate current prevalence of lead burden in neonates, and seek for sources of maternal and fetal intoxication. POPULATION AND METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was conducted by the "R?au p?natal 92" on a population of pregnant women attending 3 maternal wards in the north of 'Hauts-de-Seine' department in France. Between December 2003 and May 2004, a total of 1021 pregnant women were included. All patients signed an informed consent before participating in the study. Cord blood samples were collected at delivery for lead measurements. RESULTS: The mean cord blood lead concentration was 23.2 mug/l. Eighteen neonates over 1021 (1.8%) had lead levels above 100 mug/l. An environmental query was conducted by the social and public health office of the department (DDASS), and data were collected regarding the state of the housing and the lifestyle of the concerned family. Main sources of lead intoxication were 'tagine' food plates in 83.3% of cases, 'kh?powder (used as eyeliner) in 88.9% of cases and substandard housings in 22.2% of cases. A specialized paediatric follow-up for the 18 neonates was performed. CONCLUSION: With the exception of substandard housing (old lead painting), other sources of lead intoxication were discovered: 'tagine' plates and 'kh?powder. Almost all of these products came from Morocco. A public health intervention would be able to inform the population about these yet unknown sources of lead intoxication

Irradiation campaign in the EOLE critical facility of fiber optic Bragg gratings dedicated to the online temperature measurement in zero power research reactors

International audienceThe control of temperature during operation of zero power research reactors participates to the overall control of experimentation conditions and reveals itself of a major importance when measuring neutronic parameters such as multiplication factors. Within the framework of the refurbishment of the MASURCA facility, the development of a new temperature measurement system based on the optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology is under consideration. In a first step, a series of FBGs is irradiated in the EOLE critical facility with the aim to select the most appropriate. Online temperature measurements are performed during a set of irradiations that should allow reaching a fast neutron fluence of nearly 5·1014 n.cm-2 and a total gamma dose lower than 4 kGy. The results obtained, especially the Bragg wavelength shifts during the irradiation campaign, are discussed in this paper and compared to data from standard PT100 temperature sensors to highlight possible radiation effects on sensor performances. Work to be conducted during the second step of the project, aiming to a feasibility demonstration using a MASURCA assembly, is also presented