899 research outputs found

    L’accĂšs aux soins et aux mĂ©dicaments au QuĂ©bec; entre l’idĂ©al et la rĂ©alitĂ©

    Get PDF
    Dans cet article, les auteurs dressent un bref portrait de l’organisation des soins de santĂ© au QuĂ©bec (et dans une moindre mesure au Canada) et discutent de certains enjeux liĂ©s Ă  l’accĂšs aux soins et aux mĂ©dicaments dans le systĂšme de santĂ©. D’une part, la question de l’existence d’un droit Ă  la santĂ© est abordĂ©e et, d’autre part, les auteurs passent en revue les mesures particuliĂšres adoptĂ©es rĂ©cemment par le lĂ©gislateur quĂ©bĂ©cois et ayant pour objectif d’amĂ©liorer l’accĂšs aux soins et services de santĂ©. Ces mesures touchent tant la structure organisationnelle du systĂšme de santĂ© que la qualitĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© des soins et les dĂ©lais d’attente. Enfin, les auteurs explorent certaines mesures de contrĂŽle disponibles dans le systĂšme de santĂ© au QuĂ©bec pour faciliter le respect des droits des usagers et assurer, du moins en partie, une rĂ©duction de l’écart existant entre l’idĂ©al de l’accĂšs aux soins et la rĂ©alitĂ©.Abstract : In this article, the writers briefly outline the organization of health care in Quebec (and to a certain extent in Canada), and discuss some issues relating to access to care and to medication in the health care system. To begin with, the question of the existence of a right to health is addressed. Then the writers review various specific measures recently adopted by the Quebec legislature, intended to improve access to health care and services. These measures relate not only to the organizational structure of the health care system, but also to the quality and safety of care as well as wait times. Finally, the writers explore certain control measures available within the Quebec health care system which facilitate the respect of users' rights and which ensure, at least to some extent, a reduction in the disparity which exists between the ideal of timely access to care and the current reality

    Imagerie électrique de la sous-fondation pergélisolée des pistes d'atterrissage au Nunavik

    Get PDF
    Le climat du Nunavik s'est rĂ©chauffĂ© de prĂšs de 3 [degrĂ©]C entre 1990 et 2000. Ce rĂ©chauffement climatique affecte le rĂ©gime thermique et la stabilitĂ© du pergĂ©lisol. Des impacts de ce rĂ©chauffement touchent les pistes d'atterrissage du Nunavik, lien vital entre les communautĂ©s nordiques et le sud du QuĂ©bec. Il est donc fondamental de connaĂźtre les conditions physiques du pergĂ©lisol sous ces infrastructures pour anticiper les impacts du rĂ©chauffement climatique prĂ©vu pour le prochain siĂšcle aux hautes latitudes. À cette fin, l'auscultation non destructive des milieux physiques Ă  l'aide de mĂ©thodes gĂ©ophysiques est une avenue intĂ©ressante. Des profilages de rĂ©sistivitĂ© Ă©lectrique avec un systĂšme couplĂ© capacitivement et des levĂ©s de gĂ©oradar ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s le long des pistes d'atterrissage des communautĂ©s de Tasiujaq, Aupaluk, Kangirsuk et Quaqtaq en Ungava. IntĂ©grĂ©s ensemble, l'interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats des deux mĂ©thodes gĂ©ophysiques a permis de produire une coupe stratigraphique du remblai de piste et des conditions de pergĂ©lisol sous chaque piste

    La mobilisation des acteurs dans les initiatives locales de mise en oeuvre du développement durable : le cas des Agendas 21 locaux du Sénégal

    Get PDF
    Ce mĂ©moire rend compte d'une recherche qui porte sur le phĂ©nomĂšne de la mobilisation des acteurs dans les initiatives locales de mise en Ɠuvre du dĂ©veloppement durable (DD). Cette Ă©tude exploratoire s'est concentrĂ©e plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment dans des collectivitĂ©s locales du SĂ©nĂ©gal qui ont entrepris, dans une optique de bonne gouvernance, la mise en Ɠuvre d'Agendas 21 locaux (A21L). L'objectif principal de cette recherche Ă©tait donc d'identifier les facteurs de mobilisation des acteurs par l'entremise de trois axes de recherche : 1. Identifier les Ă©lĂ©ments relatifs Ă  l'Ă©mergence et aux sources des initiatives qui pourraient influencer la mobilisation des acteurs; 2. Profiler les Ă©lĂ©ments relatifs aux diffĂ©rents types d'acteurs qui influencent leur mobilisation; 3. DĂ©couvrir les Ă©lĂ©ments mĂ©thodologiques des divers processus participatifs influençant la mobilisation des acteurs. Une revue de la littĂ©rature a d'abord permis de faire le point sur les grands concepts qui couvrent ce champ d'intĂ©rĂȘt. Cette Ă©tape a permis la construction d'une grille d'analyse thĂ©matique qui a d'abord servi Ă  la collecte des donnĂ©es puis Ă  l'analyse des rĂ©sultats. Ainsi, une Ă©tude de cas multisite a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans les mois de septembre et d'octobre 2007, au cours de laquelle ont Ă©tĂ© visitĂ©s quatre A21L. Ces visites ont permis d'effectuer des observations directes sur le terrain, des rencontres d'information avec les acteurs des collectivitĂ©s ainsi que des entretiens semi-dirigĂ©s avec les diffĂ©rents responsables des initiatives. Puisque cette recherche se voulait avant tout exploratoire, la prĂ©sentation des donnĂ©es de l'enquĂȘte devient un rĂ©sultat en elle-mĂȘme. Cette section du mĂ©moire prĂ©sente, de maniĂšre descriptive, l'Ă©tat de la mobilisation des acteurs dans chacun des cas Ă  l'Ă©tude. L'analyse transversale et comparĂ©e de ces donnĂ©es permet quant Ă  elle de constater les convergences et les divergences qui existent entre les cas. Elle offre l'opportunitĂ© d'identifier, avec un certain niveau de gĂ©nĂ©ralisation, les obstacles vĂ©cus, les mĂ©thodes et les outils empruntĂ©s ou adaptĂ©s, ainsi que les approches prĂ©conisĂ©es. Les Ă©lĂ©ments se dĂ©gageant de l'analyse, que sont les facteurs de mobilisation des acteurs, offrent une source d'informations pertinentes Ă  tout individu Ɠuvrant dans le domaine du DD territorialisĂ©, autant par la recherche que par l'application. Un portrait synthĂšse vient clore ce mĂ©moire permettant de mettre l'emphase sur les principaux facteurs de mobilisation identifiĂ©s tout au long du processus. \ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Agenda 21 local, territorialitĂ©, dĂ©veloppement durable, ville durable, initiative locale de DD, acteur, processus participatif, mobilisation

    Typologie des conceptions des universités en vue d'en évaluer la performance: Rendre compte de la diversité pour en saisir la complexité

    Get PDF
    The university system is complex and is constantly pressured to evaluate its performance. How should university performance be defined? There is no agreement on the dimensions, criteria and indicators to choose. This article presents a typology of the conceptions of universities so as to evaluate their performance. Based on an extensive literature review, a typology prototype consisting of seven conceptions of universities was developed. A method of anasynthesis (Silvern, 1972; SauvĂ©, 1992; and Legendre, 2005) was used to verify the typology. Semi-structured interviews were held with eleven experts. These experts assessed the proposed typology in relation to six validation criteria (clarity, logic consistency, comprehensiveness, economy, usefulness and acceptability by users). This article presents the results of this research as well as the seven optimal typology categories (public service, market, academic, learner, political, entrepreneurial and living environment).Le systĂšme universitaire est complexe et subit de nombreuses pressions pour qu’on Ă©value sa performance. Comment dĂ©finir la performance des universitĂ©s? Il existe une diversitĂ© d’opinion quant au choix des dimensions, des critĂšres et des indicateurs Ă  privilĂ©gier. Cet article a pour but de prĂ©senter une typologie des conceptions des universitĂ©s en vue d’évaluer leur performance. À partir d’une recension des Ă©crits, un prototype de la typologie a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©, lequel comporte sept conceptions des universitĂ©s. De maniĂšre Ă  valider cette typologie, un processus d’anasynthĂšse (Legendre, 2005; SauvĂ©, 1992; Silvern, 1972) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©. Onze experts ont Ă©tĂ© rencontrĂ©s dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-structurĂ©s. Ces experts ont portĂ© un jugement sur la typologie proposĂ©e en fonction de six critĂšres de validation (clartĂ©, consistance logique, exhaustivitĂ©, Ă©conomie, utilitĂ© et acceptabilitĂ© par les usagers). L’article sous rĂ©fĂ©rence prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats de cette recherche, de mĂȘme que les sept types de typologie optimale (service public, marchĂ©, acadĂ©mique, apprenante, politique, entrepreneuriale et milieu de vie). &nbsp

    Physician perceptions of recruitment and retention factors in an area with a regional medical campus

    Get PDF
    Background: The factors that influence physicians to establish and maintain their practice in a region are variable. The presence of a regional medical campus (RMC) could influence physicians’ choice. The objective of this study was to explore the factors influencing physician recruitment and retention, and in particular the role of a RMC, in a region of Quebec.Methods: A literature review of factors influencing physicians to stay in a rural area was conducted in order to create an interview guide. Questions were divided into sections: general information, family situation, medical training, career choice, current practice, intent to stay in the region, and impact of the RMC. Thirteen semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with practicing physicians. Data were analyzed using QDAMiner.  Results: Recruitment factors were divided into six major themes: type of practice, spousal interest, opportunity for teaching, training in a region, workforce planning, and quality of life. Participants identified positive and negative factors associated with retention. In both cases, family and quality of work environment were mentioned. The RMC was perceived as having important impacts on the quality of professional life, research, medical practice, and regional development.Conclusion: This study highlights the role of RMCs in physician recruitment and retention via multiple impacts on the quality of practice of physicians working in the same area._______Contexte: Les facteurs influençant les mĂ©decins Ă  s’établir et Ă  rester dans une rĂ©gion sont variables. La prĂ©sence d’un campus mĂ©dical rĂ©gional (CMR) pourrait influencer ce choix. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’explorer les facteurs de recrutement et de rĂ©tention influençant les mĂ©decins ayant choisi de pratiquer dans la rĂ©gion du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean au QuĂ©bec, en particulier le rĂŽle du CMR.MĂ©thodes: Une synthĂšse de la littĂ©rature a permis d’identifier diffĂ©rents facteurs influençant les mĂ©decins dans leur choix de lieu de pratique. Un guide d’entrevue a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© Ă  partir de ces facteurs. Les questions Ă©taient sĂ©parĂ©es selon les sections suivantes: informations gĂ©nĂ©rales, situation familiale, Ă©tudes mĂ©dicales, choix de carriĂšre, pratique actuelle, intention de rester dans la rĂ©gion, impact du CMR. Treize entrevues semi-dirigĂ©es individuelles ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es avec des mĂ©decins en pratique. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es avec QDA Miner.RĂ©sultats: Les facteurs influençant le recrutement Ă©taient sĂ©parĂ©s en six thĂšmes majeurs : type de pratique, intĂ©rĂȘt du conjoint, opportunitĂ© d’enseigner, formation en rĂ©gion, planification gouvernementale des effectifs mĂ©dicaux et qualitĂ© de vie. Les participants ont identifiĂ© des facteurs de rĂ©tention nĂ©gatifs et positifs. Ceux-ci concernaient la famille et la qualitĂ© de l’environnement de travail. D’aprĂšs les participants, le CMR avait un impact direct sur la qualitĂ© de la vie professionnelle, la recherche, la pratique mĂ©dicale et le dĂ©veloppement rĂ©gional.Conclusion: Cette Ă©tude a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence le rĂŽle des CMRs dans le recrutement et la rĂ©tention via de multiples impacts sur la qualitĂ© de pratique des mĂ©decins exerçant dans la mĂȘme rĂ©gion

    Canadian guidelines for clinical practice: an analysis of their quality and relevance to the care of adults with comorbidity

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Clinical guidelines have been the subject of much criticism in primary care literature partly due to potential conflicts in their implementation among patients with multiple chronic conditions. We assessed the relevance of selected Canadian clinical guidelines on chronic diseases for patients with comorbidity and examined their quality.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We selected 16 chronic medical conditions according to their frequency of occurrence, complexity of treatment, and pertinence to primary care. Recent Canadian clinical guidelines (2004 - 2009) on these conditions, published in English or French, were retrieved. We assessed guideline relevance to the care of patients with comorbidity with a tool developed by Boyd and colleagues. Quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Regarding relevance, 56.2% of guidelines addressed treatment for patients with multiple chronic conditions and 18.8% addressed the issue for older patients. Fifteen guidelines (93.8%) included specific recommendations for patients with one concurrent condition; only three guidelines (18.8%) addressed specific recommendations for patients with two comorbid conditions and one for more than two concurrent comorbid conditions. Quality of the evaluated guidelines was good to very good in four out of the six domains measured using the AGREE instrument. The domains with lower mean scores were Stakeholder Involvement and Applicability.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The quality of the Canadian guidelines examined is generally good, yet their relevance for patients with two or more chronic conditions is very limited and there is room for improvement in this respect.</p

    The impact on sleep of a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural pain management programme: a pilot study

    Get PDF
    Background: Reduced sleep quality is a common complaint among patients with chronic pain, with 50-80% of patients reporting sleep disturbance. Improvements in pain and quality of life measures have been achieved using a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy pain management programme (CBT-PMP) that aims to recondition attitudes to pain, and improve patients' self-management of their condition. Despite its high prevalence in patients with chronic pain, there is very limited objective evidence for the effect of this intervention on sleep quality. The primary research objective is to investigate the short-term effect of a multidisciplinary CBTPMP on subjective (measured by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index) and objective sleep quality (measured by Actigraphy) in patients with chronic pain by comparison with a control group. The secondary objectives will investigate changes in function and mood, and then explore the relationship between objective and subjective sleep quality and physical and psychological outcome measures. Methods/Design: Patients who fulfil the inclusion criteria for attendance on the multidisciplinary CBT-PMP in the Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin and are currently listed on the PMP waiting list will be invited to participate in this pilot study. Potential patients will be screened for sleep disturbance [determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)]. Those patients with a sleep disturbance (PSQI >5) will be assigned to either the intervention group (immediate treatment), or control group (deferred treatment, i.e. the PMP they are listed for is more than six months away) based on where they appear on the waiting list. Baseline measures of sleep, function, and mood will be obtained using a combination of self-report questionnaires (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Short Form 36 health survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), and functional outcome measures. Sleep will be measured for seven days using actigraphy (Actiwatch 7). These measures will be repeated after the four week multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy pain management programme, and at a two month follow-up. The waiting list control group will be assessed at baseline, and two months later. Analysis for the primary outcome will include between group differences of subjective and objective sleep parameters from baseline to follow-up using Independent T-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. The secondary outcomes establishing relationships between the sleep variables and physical and psychological outcome measures will be established using multiple linear regression models. Discussion: This pilot study will evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary CBT-PMP on both subjective and objective measures of sleep in patients with chronic pain and provide guidance for a larger clinical trial. Trial Registration: Current controlled trial ISRCTN: ISRCTN7491359

    Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

    Get PDF
    A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

    Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

    Get PDF
    A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV
    • 

    corecore