Speleološki kamp "Cetina \u2704"

Od 15. do 23. kolovoza 2004. godine održan je speleološki kamp na izvoru rijeke Cetine u organizaciji speleološkog odsjeka HPD „Željezničar“ pod vodstvom Branka Jalžića. Kamp se smjestio u blizinu mlina na Vukovića vrelu, jednom od izvora rijeke Cetine. Glavni cilj kampa bilo je provesti ronilačka, biospeleološka i arheološka istraživanja i fotografirati i ponovno topografski snimiti već istražene objekte. Najvažniji cilj postignut je u Rudelića špilji gdje su preronjena dva sifona i nacrtano je 130 m novih kanala. Duljina Rudelića špilje sada iznosi 1 382 m s mogućnošću daljnjeg nastavka u trećem sifonu. Suradnja s talijanskim i švicarskim speleoroniocima omogućila je uron u izvor Glavaš do 109 metara dubine. U 2005. godini kamp će se održati na istom mjestu, u isto vrijeme

Towards the Thermodynamics of Localization Processes

We study the entropy time evolution of a quantum mechanical model, which is frequently used as a prototype for Anderson's localization. Recently Latora and Baranger [V. Latora, M. Baranger, Phys. Rev.Lett. 82, 520(1999)] found that there exist three entropy regimes, a transient regime of passage from dynamics to thermodynamics, a linear in time regime of entropy increase, namely a thermodynamic regime of Kolmogorov kind, and a saturation regime. We use the non-extensive entropic indicator recently advocated by Tsallis [ C. Tsallis, J. Stat. Phys. 52, 479 (1988)] with a mobile entropic index q, and we find that with the adoption of the ``magic'' value q = Q = 1/2 the Kolmogorov regime becomes more extended and more distinct than with the traditional entropic index q = 1. We adopt a two-site model to explain these properties by means of an analytical treatment and we argue that Q =1/2 might be a typical signature of the occurrence of Anderson's localization.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures submitted to Phys. Rev.

Il falso dilemma pubblico-privato. L’anomalia della scuola italiana nel contesto europeo

Il modello organizzativo del sistema scolastico italiano in prospettiva storica e comparata nel contesto europeo; prospettive per un adeguamento della scuola italiana al “sistema medio europeo”.- Indice #4- Introduzione, Marcello Pacini #8- Nota metodologica #14- Cap.I Il modello organizzativo del sistema scolastico italiano #18- Cap.II Il sistema medio europeo. Sistemi e problemi di un'analisi comparata #54- Cap.III Verso la deburocratizzazione. Prospettive per un adeguamento della scuola italiana al “sistema medio europeo” #114- Allegato I La struttura del sistema scolastico italiano #146- Relazioni e interventi di discussione sulla ricerca #206- Intervento On. Francesco Casati, Presidente della Commissione Istruzione e Belle Arti della Camera dei Deputati #208- Intervento Sen. Luigi Covatta, Sottosegretario di Stato alla Pubblica Istruzione #212- Intervento Sen. Salvatore Valitutti, Presidente della Commissione Istruzione Pubblica e Belle Arti del Senato della Repubblica #215- Intervento Emanuele Caruso, Dirigente Generale dell'Istruzione Tecnica, Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione #219- Intervento Mario Dupuis, Responsabile Scuola del Movimento Popolare #222- Intervento On. Laura Fincato, Vicepresidente della Commissione Istruzione e Belle Arti della Camera dei Deputati #225- Intervento Aureliana Alberici, Responsabile Scuola/Università della Direzione del P.C.I. #229- Intervento Paolo Serreri, Federazione Scuola Università C.G.I.L. #237- Intervento Daniela Silvestri, Rappresentante nazionale del Sindacato Nazionale Autonomo Lavoratori Scuola SNALS #242- Intervento Paolo Martelli, Direttore di POLITEIA - Centro per la ricerca e la formazione in politica ed etica #245- Intervento Salvatore Sechi, Professore ordinario di Storia Contemporanea, Università di Bologna #252- Intervento Piero Romei, Ricercatore dell'ISGO #257- Intervento Giovanni Bechelloni, Professore ordinario di Sociologia dei processi culturali, Università di Firenze #263- Intervento Giorgio Allulli, Censis #266- Intervento Graziella Morselli, FNISM #270- Intervento Luigi Pedrazzi, Il Mulino #274- Intervento Luciano Benadusi, Responsabile Settore Università e ricerca scientifica della Direzione Socialista #277- Intervento Mario Caronna #Coordinatore scientifico del Centro Studi di Milano #282- Intervento Adriana Rosas, Ricercatore presso il CLAS #287- Intervento Giovanni Tesoro, Ricercatore presso l’ISGO #290- Considerazioni conclusive Luisa Ribolzi, CLAS #29

Efficacy of a new technique - INtubate-RECruit-SURfactant-Extubate - "IN-REC-SUR-E" - in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Although beneficial in clinical practice, the INtubate-SURfactant-Extubate (IN-SUR-E) method is not successful in all preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, with a reported failure rate ranging from 19 to 69 %. One of the possible mechanisms responsible for the unsuccessful IN-SUR-E method, requiring subsequent re-intubation and mechanical ventilation, is the inability of the preterm lung to achieve and maintain an "optimal" functional residual capacity. The importance of lung recruitment before surfactant administration has been demonstrated in animal studies showing that recruitment leads to a more homogeneous surfactant distribution within the lungs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the application of a recruitment maneuver using the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) modality just before the surfactant administration followed by rapid extubation (INtubate-RECruit-SURfactant-Extubate: IN-REC-SUR-E) with IN-SUR-E alone in spontaneously breathing preterm infants requiring nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) as initial respiratory support and reaching pre-defined CPAP failure criteria. Methods/design: In this study, 206 spontaneously breathing infants born at 24+0-27+6 weeks' gestation and failing nCPAP during the first 24 h of life, will be randomized to receive an HFOV recruitment maneuver (IN-REC-SUR-E) or no recruitment maneuver (IN-SUR-E) just prior to surfactant administration followed by prompt extubation. The primary outcome is the need for mechanical ventilation within the first 3 days of life. Infants in both groups will be considered to have reached the primary outcome when they are not extubated within 30 min after surfactant administration or when they meet the nCPAP failure criteria after extubation. Discussion: From all available data no definitive evidence exists about a positive effect of recruitment before surfactant instillation, but a rationale exists for testing the following hypothesis: a lung recruitment maneuver performed with a step-by-step Continuous Distending Pressure increase during High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (and not with a sustained inflation) could have a positive effects in terms of improved surfactant distribution and consequent its major efficacy in preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. This represents our challenge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02482766. Registered on 1 June 2015

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic