Nem cola, nem lubrificante sociológico, mas campo eletromagnético: as metáforas do Capital Social no campo do desenvolvimento local

In general terms, academic literature on social capital builds on the empirical evidence that economic variables are not sufficient to bring about local development models that are socially just and environmentally sustainable; it is almost consensual in reaffirming that civic engagement networks, norms of mutual trust, resources stemming from social networks, the wealth of associative tissues and political institutions do have a direct impact when it comes to a qualitative increase on the communication between individuals and social actors, the production of more intensive modalities of social interaction, and the reduction of collective action dilemmas around local development strategies. It goes without saying that one of the critical elements of the current debate on the relationships between social capital and local development concerns the local development concept itself. Therefore, in this article, rooted in a definition of local development formulated by himself, the author has two main goals: (1) to analyze the conceptual dispute that reigns within the academia around the definition of social capital; (2) to argue that metaphors can be a valuable tool in better understanding the multiple roles that social capital may play in different contexts of local development. In the conclusion, based on his own research experience in the municipality of Pintadas in Bahia, between 2003 and 2005, the author sketches theoretical and methodological parameters in order to understand the relationships between social capital and local development.A literatura especializada acerca do capital social parte, de modo quase generalizado, da constatação empírica de que as variáveis econômicas não são suficientes para produzir modelos de desenvolvimento local que sejam socialmente justos e ambientalmente sustentáveis; reafirma, quase de forma consensual, que as redes de compromisso cívico, as normas de confiança mútua, os recursos advindos das redes sociais, a riqueza do tecido associativo e as instituições políticas têm impacto direto no incremento qualitativo da comunicação entre indivíduos e atores sociais, na produção de formas mais intensas de interação social e na redução dos dilemas da ação coletiva em torno das estratégias de desenvolvimento local. No entanto, um dos elementos críticos do debate sobre as relações entre capital social e desenvolvimento local diz respeito ao próprio conceito de desenvolvimento. Por conseguinte, com base em uma definição própria de desenvolvimento local, este trabalho divide-se em dois eixos principais: (1) análise das disputas conceituais que imperam no âmbito acadêmico em torno da definição do capital social; (2) defesa do argumento de que trabalhar com metáforas do capital social poderia ajudar a melhor situá-lo nos contextos múltiplos de desenvolvimento local. Na conclusão, com base na experiência de pesquisa desenvolvida pelo autor do artigo entre 2003 e 2005 no Município de Pintadas na Bahia, são propostos parâmetros teórico-metodológicos a fim de analisar as relações entre capital social e desenvolvimento local

Compreendendo a complexidade socioespacial contemporânea: o território como categoria de diálogo interdisciplinar

O livro constrói um diálogo entre pesquisadores brasileiros e franceses, de diferentes campos do conhecimento, sobre dois temas que passaram a ocupar os espaços do debate acadêmico e das ações públicas, nas duas últimas décadas: a questão do desenvolvimento e a questão territorial. Duas questões foram colocadas para os pesquisadores: qual o significado do conceito de território a partir de seu campo de estudo e quais contribuições podem aportar para a compreensão dos processos de desenvolvimento. Além de um rico debate no sentido epistemológico, a partir dos diversos campos de análise o livro aponta também algumas indagações: como trabalhar a relação entre espaço e território, como caraceterizar fronteiras territoriais em um mundo em que, elas marcam profundamente tanto a união/ intercâmbio quanto a ruptura/interdição? E várias outras quetões que compoem a agenda de debate da economia, geografia, ciencias políticas, sociologia e da administração

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.</p

Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes journaltitle: Cell articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046 content_type: article copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Inc

Nem cola, nem lubrificante sociológico, mas campo eletromagnético: as metáforas do Capital Social no campo do desenvolvimento local

In general terms, academic literature on social capital builds on the empirical evidence that economic variables are not sufficient to bring about local development models that are socially just and environmentally sustainable; it is almost consensual in reaffirming that civic engagement networks, norms of mutual trust, resources stemming from social networks, the wealth of associative tissues and political institutions do have a direct impact when it comes to a qualitative increase on the communication between individuals and social actors, the production of more intensive modalities of social interaction, and the reduction of collective action dilemmas around local development strategies. It goes without saying that one of the critical elements of the current debate on the relationships between social capital and local development concerns the local development concept itself. Therefore, in this article, rooted in a definition of local development formulated by himself, the author has two main goals: (1) to analyze the conceptual dispute that reigns within the academia around the definition of social capital; (2) to argue that metaphors can be a valuable tool in better understanding the multiple roles that social capital may play in different contexts of local development. In the conclusion, based on his own research experience in the municipality of Pintadas in Bahia, between 2003 and 2005, the author sketches theoretical and methodological parameters in order to understand the relationships between social capital and local development.A literatura especializada acerca do capital social parte, de modo quase generalizado, da constatação empírica de que as variáveis econômicas não são suficientes para produzir modelos de desenvolvimento local que sejam socialmente justos e ambientalmente sustentáveis; reafirma, quase de forma consensual, que as redes de compromisso cívico, as normas de confiança mútua, os recursos advindos das redes sociais, a riqueza do tecido associativo e as instituições políticas têm impacto direto no incremento qualitativo da comunicação entre indivíduos e atores sociais, na produção de formas mais intensas de interação social e na redução dos dilemas da ação coletiva em torno das estratégias de desenvolvimento local. No entanto, um dos elementos críticos do debate sobre as relações entre capital social e desenvolvimento local diz respeito ao próprio conceito de desenvolvimento. Por conseguinte, com base em uma definição própria de desenvolvimento local, este trabalho divide-se em dois eixos principais: (1) análise das disputas conceituais que imperam no âmbito acadêmico em torno da definição do capital social; (2) defesa do argumento de que trabalhar com metáforas do capital social poderia ajudar a melhor situá-lo nos contextos múltiplos de desenvolvimento local. Na conclusão, com base na experiência de pesquisa desenvolvida pelo autor do artigo entre 2003 e 2005 no Município de Pintadas na Bahia, são propostos parâmetros teórico-metodológicos a fim de analisar as relações entre capital social e desenvolvimento local