Sarcoma ósseo secundário da Doença de Paget: Secondary bone sarcoma of Paget's disease

Resumo INTRODUÇÃO: A Doença de Paget é uma doença crônica inflamatória do osso. A degeneração sarcomatosa dessa doença é rara, chegando a 1% e o tipo histológico mais comum é o osteossarcoma. APRESENTAÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente com 66 anos, masculino, com diagnóstico de Doença de Paget há 20 anos, apresenta deformidade em fêmur direito, relata piora da dor há 5 meses. Radiografia com sinais de malignidade confirmados na RNM, na qual havia expansão das partes moles, ruptura da cortical óssea com osteólise agressiva. Histopatológico confirmando osteossarcoma. DISCUSSÃO: A Doença de Paget é um distúrbio ósseo crônico que resulta na renovação óssea acelerada e desordenada, acomete, principalmente, o esqueleto axial, o crânio, os fêmures e as tíbias. A maioria dos pacientes com Doença de Paget é assintomática, sendo o diagnóstico, muitas vezes, tardio e acidental. É a segunda doença osteometabólica mais comum, ficando atrás da osteoporose. A doença de Paget afeta cerca de 3-4% da população acima dos 40 anos de idade, sendo que sua prevalência aumenta com a idade. O osteossarcoma secundário à doença de Paget é raro, estima-se que ocorra em menos de 1% das pessoas com doença óssea de Paget. Dor, edema e fratura são manifestações iniciais. Achados radiográficos iniciais geralmente mostram uma lesão lítica em expansão no osso. O tratamento do osteossarcoma secundário à Doença de Paget é principalmente cirúrgico que pode envolver a combinação de quimioterapia. A presença de comorbidades em idosos limita o uso da quimioterapia. Quando indicada, a quimioterapia geralmente é neoadjuvante e em terapia adjuvante CONCLUSÃO: Compreende-se que a Doença de Paget acomete principalmente idosos e que o prognóstico é ruim tanto em pacientes sintomáticos como em assintomáticos, devido a inflamação óssea e risco de evolução para osteossarcoma, porém o diagnóstico precoce pode trazer benefícios aos pacientes no controle da dor e com tratamentos mais conservadores, evitando a necessidade de amputações, com melhoria na qualidade de vida

Síndrome de fraser : Fraser syndrome

Introdução: a Síndrome de Fraser é caracterizada por presença de criptoftalmo, sindactilia, anormalidades da genitália e outras malformações congênitas do nariz, ouvido ou laringe, defeitos esqueléticos, hérnia umbilical, agenesia renal e retardo mental. É uma expressão fenotípica que depende da consanguinidade dos pais. Apresentação do caso: paciente do sexo feminino, três meses de idade, em acompanhamento no centro de referência oftalmológica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Paulo. Na ultrassonografia de abdome total, foi apenas evidenciada presença de hérnia umbilical simples. Discussão: a prevalência é igual entre os sexos e a doença pode ser diagnosticada à ultrassonografia pré-natal e fetoscopia ou no momento do nascimento frente às alterações apresentadas pelo paciente, por critérios maiores e menores. O tratamento é multidisciplinar e dependente das malformações presentes, assim como o prognóstico, que é pior em casos de malformações urogenitais e laríngeas graves. Conclusão: os médicos devem estar atentos, para as manifestações clínicas e o diagnóstico preciso, oferecendo tratamento adequado e aconselhamento genético aos casais

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Phage-displayed peptides as capture antigens in an innovative assay for Taenia saginata-infected cattle

Bovine cysticercosis is detected during the routine post mortem examination of carcasses by visual inspection (knife and eye method). However, the sensitivity of this procedure is several times lower than immunoassays, even when it is performed by qualified professionals. In the present study, a new generation capture antigens were screened from a phage display peptide library using antibodies from Taenia saginata-infected animals. Eight phage clones were selected, and one, Tsag 3 (VHTSIRPRCQPRAITPR), produced similar results to the T. saginata metacestode crude antigen (TsCa) when used as a capture antigen in an ELISA. The phage-displayed peptides competed with TsCa for binding sites, reducing the reactivity by approximately 30 %. Alanine scanning indicated that proline, arginine, and serine are important residues for antibody binding. Tsag 1 (HFYQITWLPNTFPAR), the most frequent affinity-selected clone, and Tsag 6 (YRWPSTPSASRQATL) shared similarity with highly conserved proteins from the Taeniidae family with known immunogenicity. Due to their epitopic or mimotopic properties, these affinity-selected phages could contribute to the rational design of an ante mortem immunodiagnosis method for bovine cysticercosis, as well as an epitope-based vaccine to interrupt the taeniosis/cysticercosis complex.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications