PRODUCCIÓN DE HUACHINANGO (Lutjanus peru) EN JAULAS FLOTANTES

The Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) is a scale species that is highly valued in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, for which fishermen have opted to use aquiculture to offer a quality product during the seasons of greatest demand. There has not been permanent technical monitoring for the breeding implemented, which has generated low yields and economic losses. Therefore, since the year 2008, the National Fishery Institute (Instituto Nacional de Pesca, INAPESCA), together with the Costa Grande-Guerrero cooperative, began projects directed at fattening the Pacific red snapper in a locality with the aim of evaluating the growth of this species in floating cages through indicators of growth and economic profitability. Under breeding, with designed feeding, the Pacific red snapper reached the growth desired in length and weight, obtaining a commercial “dish” size in four months, and reducing production costs. The growth of L. peru was isometric with an instant growth rate qualified as fast, the amount of food supplied (FCA) showed good yield for a source of natural origin. The earnings obtained were higher than the point of equilibrium, indicating profitability of the fish.El huachinango (Lutjanus peru) es una especies de escama muy cotizadas en el estado de Guerrero, México, por lo que los pescadores han optado por la acuicultura para ofrecer un producto de calidad en las temporadas de mayor demanda. En los cultivos implementados, no se ha contado con un seguimiento técnico permanente, lo cual ha generado bajos rendimientos y pérdidas económicas. Por lo anterior, desde el año 2008, el Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INAPESCA), en conjunto con la cooperativa Costa Grande-Guerrero, iniciaron trabajos orientados a la engorda de huachinango en una localidad con el objetivo de evaluar el crecimiento de esta especie en jaulas flotantes mediante indicadores del crecimiento y rentabilidad económica. Bajo cultivo, con una alimentación diseñada, el huachinango alcanzó el crecimiento en longitud y peso, obteniendo talla “platillera” comercial en cuatro meses, lo que redujo costos de producción. El crecimiento de L. peru, fue de tipo isométrico con tasa instantánea de crecimiento promedio calificada como rápida, la cantidad de alimento suministrado (FCA) registró buen rendimiento para ser de origen natural. Las ganancias obtenidas fueron superiores al punto de equilibrio, lo que indicó rentabilidad del cultivo

Riqueza y diversidad de aves en un paisaje Agropecuario en el ejido Chalahuiyapa, Huejutla, Hidalgo.

La pérdida de los hábitats afecta seriamente a la diversidad biológica. Se realizó un estudio de riqueza y diversidad  de  aves  en  un  paisaje  agropecuario,  durante  los  meses  que  comprenden  a  la  estación húmeda, (otoño-invierno). Usando trayectos lineales se registraron 50 especies de aves, 10 órdenes y 22 familias. El mes más rico en especies y diverso fue octubre con 22.02 especies efectivas y el hábitat con mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad fueron la vegetación secundaria con 24.1 y acahual 14.4 especies efectivas. Los estimadores Jack 1 y Jack 2 revelan que para la zona la mayor riqueza es 69 (72%) y 80 (62%) especies. Estos estimadores dan una equivalencia total de 67% de la avifauna total de los cuatro hábitats muestreados. La semejanza entre vegetación secundaria y acahual nos revelan que comparten un 36% de las especies y que no se encuentran en hábitats perturbados, maizal y pastizal

Fintech como herramienta de inclusión financiera en el Perú

El sistema financiero tradicional no cubre la demanda de los sectores más alejados del territorio nacional, privándolos de beneficios como ahorro, inversión y créditos, así como tampoco atiende a todos los segmentos. Para mediados del año 2018, solo el 1.1% de los distritos a nivel nacional contaba con una oficina bancaria y solo el 0.2% tenía un cajero automático; mientras que, en el mundo, las Fintech o Financial Technology continúan expandiéndose, utilizando como principal recurso la tecnología y así lograr mayor cobertura. El objetivo de la presente investigación es describir como las Fintech promueven la inclusión financiera en el Perú. Para alcanzarlo, se diseñó una investigación no experimental y transversal, de alcance descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, por lo que se seleccionó una muestra de 16 miembros fundadores o directores de las empresas Fintech del Perú, seleccionadas de una población de 81 compañías, en base a su disposición de participar en el estudio. Luego de realizar las entrevistas a profundidad, las transcripciones de las grabaciones se analizaron utilizando el software Atlas ti, en base a códigos seleccionados a partir de las variables e indicadores del estudio. Los resultados permiten concluir que en el Perú, las Fintech sí contribuyen en promover el acceso de la población a los servicios financieros, a pesar de que solo la mitad atiende a población no bancarizada. Esto lo logran mediante una combinación de: (a) estrategias de negocio, (b) alianzas estratégicas con instituciones financieras o con agentes para tener una mayor cobertura, y (c) variedad de capacidades y recursos, principalmente el uso intensivo de tecnología, aporte de capital semilla y miembros fundadores con experiencia previa en finanzas o desarrollo tecnológico. Se recomienda la colaboración con entes gubernamentales para desarrollar un marco legal que promueva la inversión en las Fintech y su expansión, entre otros. AbstractThe current financial system is not covering the demand of the sectors furthest from the national territory, depriving them of the benefits that it brings (savings, investment and credits). By June 2018, only 1.1% of the districts nationwide had a bank office and only 0.2% had an ATM, while around the world Fintech o Financial Technology companies keep growing, using as main resource the technology to reach high coverage. The objective of this research is to describe how Fintech promote financial inclusion in Peru. Researchers designed a non experimental research with a descriptive scope and qualitative approach. Therefore, there were selected a sample of 16 founders or CEOs of Peruvian Fintech, considering their disposition to participate in this research. After collecting all data, the transcripts of the recordings were analyzed using Atlas ti software. Results show that in Peru, Fintech do promote financial inclusion through providing services to new population segments. This is achieved through: (a) business strategies, (b) strategic alliances or network building with traditional financial institutions to provide wide cover in the country; and (c) variety of resources and capacities, mainly intensive use of technology, initial investment and founders with previous knowledge in finance or tech developments. Main recommendation to Fintech is to work along with governmental agencies in order to create a legal frame that promotes investment in this kind of companies in order to generate growth in the industry, among others

Procesos urbanos en acción: ¿Desarrollo de ciudades para todos?

La presente colección Ciudades de la Gente representa a hombres y mujeres cuya cultura popular, producto de las mezclas de todos aquellos que vivían y otros que han llegado a nuestros territorios, han hecho de lugares declarados como no aptos, lugares donde vivir, y han creado dentro de nuestras ciudades, la extensión de lo distinto. Son hombres y mujeres cuyo trabajo, el que tienen para aportar, junto al de otros y otras de su misma condición, les ha permitido autoproducir interesantes y sin duda bellos espacios donde convivir. Los profesores e investigadores miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Hábitat Popular e Inclusión Social de CLACSO, nos unimos a todos aquellos hacedores que, superando los miedos y con deseos de avanzar, se atreven a caminar por lo desconocido y a no conformarse con lo conocido de otras realidades, buscando en conjunto afirmar, como derechos universales, las posibilidades de vidas dignas y de construcciones colectivas dentro de nuestras ciudades. Emprendemos la tarea de describir e interpretar el hábitat popular y la inclusión social, abriendo posibilidades para que, experimentados y debutantes líderes populares e investigadores, hablen sobre "las ciudades de la gente" de muy diversos modos

Dogs Detecting COVID-19 From Sweat and Saliva of Positive People : A Field Experience in Mexico

ContextMolecular tests are useful in detecting COVID-19, but they are expensive in developing countries. COVID-19-sniffing dogs are an alternative due to their reported sensitivity (>80%) and specificity (>90%). However, most of the published evidence is experimental, and there is a need to determine the performance of the dogs in field conditions. Hence, we aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of COVID-19-sniffing dogs in the field. MethodsWe trained four dogs with sweat and three dogs with saliva of COVID-19-positive patients, respectively, for 4.5 months. The samples were obtained from a health center in Hermosillo, Sonora, with the restriction to spend 5 min per patient. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). ResultsTwo sweat-sniffing dogs reached 76 and 80% sensitivity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the random value of 50%, and 75 and 88% specificity, with the 95% CI not overlapping the 50% value. The 95% CI of the sensitivity and specificity of the other two sweat dogs overlapped the 50% value. Two saliva-sniffing dogs had 70 and 78% sensitivity, and the 95% CI of their sensitivity and specificity did not overlap the 50% value. The 95% CI of the third dog's sensitivity and specificity overlapped the 50% value. ConclusionFour of the six dogs were able to detect positive samples of patients with COVID-19, with sensitivity and specificity values significantly different from random in the field. We considered the performance of the dogs promising because it is reasonable to expect that with gauze exposed for a longer time to sweat and saliva of people with COVID-19, their detection capacity would improve. The target is to reach the sensitivity range requested by the World Health Organization for the performance of an antigen test (>= 80% sensitivity, >= 97% specificity). If so, dogs could become important allies for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in developing countries.Peer reviewe

Casas de infinitas privaciones: ¿Germen de ciudades para todos?

La presente colección Ciudades de la Gente representa a hombres y mujeres cuya cultura popular, producto de las mezclas de todos aquellos que vivían y otros que han llegado a nuestros territorios, han hecho de lugares declarados como no aptos, lugares donde vivir, y han creado dentro de nuestras ciudades, la extensión de lo distinto. Son hombres y mujeres cuyo trabajo, el que tienen para aportar, junto al de otros y otras de su misma condición, les ha permitido autoproducir interesantes y sin duda bellos espacios donde convivir. Los profesores e investigadores miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Hábitat Popular e Inclusión Social de CLACSO, nos unimos a todos aquellos hacedores que, superando los miedos y con deseos de avanzar, se atreven a caminar por lo desconocido y a no conformarse con lo conocido de otras realidades, buscando en conjunto afirmar, como derechos universales, las posibilidades de vidas dignas y de construcciones colectivas dentro de nuestras ciudades. Emprendemos la tarea de describir e interpretar el hábitat popular y la inclusión social, abriendo posibilidades para que, experimentados y debutantes líderes populares e investigadores, hablen sobre "las ciudades de la gente" de muy diversos modos

Ecological and Physiological Studies of Gymnodinium catenatum in the Mexican Pacific: A Review

This review presents a detailed analysis of the state of knowledge of studies done in Mexico related to the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, a paralytic toxin producer. This species was first reported in the Gulf of California in 1939; since then most studies in Mexico have focused on local blooms and seasonal variations. G. catenatum is most abundant during March and April, usually associated with water temperatures between 18 and 25 ºC and an increase in nutrients. In vitro studies of G. catenatum strains from different bays along the Pacific coast of Mexico show that this species can grow in wide ranges of salinities, temperatures, and N:P ratios. Latitudinal differences are observed in the toxicity and toxin profile, but the presence of dcSTX, dcGTX2-3, C1, and C2 are usual components. A common characteristic of the toxin profile found in shellfish, when G. catenatum is present in the coastal environment, is the detection of dcGTX2-3, dcSTX, C1, and C2. Few bioassay studies have reported effects in mollusks and lethal effects in mice, and shrimp; however no adverse effects have been observed in the copepod Acartia clausi. Interestingly, genetic sequencing of D1-D2 LSU rDNA revealed that it differs only in one base pair, compared with strains from other regions

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362