Control analítico del plomo en alimentos conservados. II. Investigación y determinación en conservas de origen vegetal

Lead has been determinate for a espectrofotometric method in diferents canned foods. The resultats obtained show that the canneds goods of peas and corn contain levels of lead up to 0,40 ppm and 0,46 ppm. The contamination of lead is mainly owing to the bad quality of the tin plate oi the botting and/or to the manufacturing process.Se ha determinado el plomo por un método espectrofotométrico en diferentes alimentos envasados. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las conservas de guisantes y maíz contienen niveles de plomo de hasta 0,40 ppm y 0,46 ppm. La contaminación por plomo se debe principalmente a la mala calidad de la hojalata del envase y/o al proceso de preparación

Comparación de dos métodos para evaluar la calidad de la dieta mediterránea en una muestra representativa de jóvenes del sur de España

The objective of this study was to compare the usefulness of two methods to evaluate diet quality in young people in Southern Spain: a new Mediterranean Diet Pattern (MDP) and a modification of the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) for the Mediterranean area. The study population was 3190 schoolchildren aged 8-15 yrs. The questionnaires used were first validated (Bland-Altman plot and Wilcoxon tests) in a randomized sample. The DQI gives a more detailed evaluation of food components, whereas the MDS gives global information on food groups but includes foods characteristically consumed in the Mediterranean region. Highly similar results were obtained using the MDP and the adapted DQI-I, which appear to be equally useful to evaluate diet quality in a Mediterranean population. The fact that we selected the same types of food for both indices may explain the similar overall evaluations. According to these results, both methods appear to be equally appropriate for evaluating diet quality in a Mediterranean population.El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la utilidad de dos métodos para evaluar la calidad de la dieta de jóvenes en el sur de España: un nuevo patrón de dieta mediterránea (MDP) y una modificación de la dieta del índice de calidad-Internacional (ICD-I) para el área Mediterránea. La población de estudio fue 3.190 escolares de entre 8-15 años. Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron validados primero (gráfico de Bland-Altman y las pruebas de Wilcoxon) en una muestra tomada al azar. El ICD-I ofrece una evaluación más detallada de los componentes de los alimentos, mientras que el MDP proporciona información global sobre los grupos de alimentos, que incluye alimentos típicamente consumidos en la región mediterránea. Se obtuvieron resultados similares utilizándole MDP y la adaptación del ICD-I, que parecen ser igualmente útiles para evaluar la calidad de una dieta en una población mediterránea. El hecho de que se seleccionaron los mismos tipos de alimentos para ambos índices podría explicar la similitud de las evaluaciones globales. De acuerdo con estos resultados, ambos métodos parecen ser igualmente apropiado para evaluar la calidad de la dieta en una población mediterránea.This study was supported by the Health Department of Granada City Council, Spain, the Junta de Andalucia, Spain (Research Group AGR-255) and the University of Granada, Spain (Postdoctoral Grant)

VALIDACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO ESPECTROFOTOMÉTRICO CON VAINILLINA PARA LA CUANTIFICACIÓN DE ISONIACIDA EN TABLETAS

Objetivo: El trabajo estuvo orientado a determinar los parámetros de validación del método espectrofotométrico con vainillina para la cuantificación de isoniacida en tabletas. Material y Método: Se utilizaron tabletas comerciales de isoniacida 100 mg. El método se validó mediante el estudio de linealidad, precisión, exactitud, especificidad y rango de cuantificación, de acuerdo a las guías para validación de métodos analíticos de la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (USP). Resultados: Los parámetros de linealidad, precisión, exactitud, especificidad y rango de cuantificación determinados; cumplieron con los criterios establecidos para un rango de concentraciones de isoniacida de 4 ug/mL a 20 ug/mL. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este método cumple con los parámetros establecidos para validar métodos analíticos y es útil para cuantificar isoniacida en tabletas de 100 mg en un intervalo de 33,3% a 166,7%. Palabras clave: Validación de métodos analíticos, isoniacida, vainillina, espectrofotometría.

COMPARACIÓN DE PERFILES DE DISOLUCIÓN DE ALBENDAZOL EN TABLETAS 200 MG, MULTIFUENTE E INNOVADOR, COMERCIALIZADAS EN PERÚ

Objetivo: En el presente trabajo se compararon los perfiles de disolución de Albendazol en tabletas 200 mg, multifuente e innovador, comercializadas en Perú, utilizando el método de disolución farmacopeico USP. N° 36. Material y Método: Se utilizaron tabletas de albendazol de 200 mg, multifuente y producto innovador ZENTEL®. Se usó el aparato de disolución USP tipo II, medio de disolución HCl 0,1 N; 50 rpm, 37°C.  Se compararon los tiempos de disolución (td) según el modelo de Weibull, también los tiempos medios de disolución (TMD), las eficiencias de disolución (ED%) y el factor de similitud f2. Resultados: Las diferencias de los tiempos de disolución (td), los tiempos medios de disolución (TMD) y las eficiencias de disolución (ED%), entre el producto multifuente e innovador, fueron estadísticamente significativas. El factor de similitud f2 fue 48,11. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los perfiles de disolución de albendazol en tabletas 200 mg, multifuente e innovador, comercializadas en Perú, utilizando el método de disolución farmacopeico USP no son similares, y por tanto no intercambiables. Palabras Clave: Albendazol; disolución; equivalentes farmacéuticos; perfiles de disolución

The clinical overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome based on Rome III criteria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Epidemiological studies suggest considerable overlap between functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). To date, no surveys have been performed to investigate the clinical overlap between these two disorders using Rome III criteria. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for the overlap of FD and IBS based on Rome III criteria in a large clinical sample.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Consecutive patients at the general gastroenterology outpatient clinic were requested to complete a self-report questionnaire. FD and IBS were defined by Rome III criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Questionnaires were returned by 3014 patients (52.8% female, 89% response rate). FD-IBS overlap was observed in 5.0% of the patients, while 15.2% and 10.9% of the patients were classified as FD alone and IBS alone, respectively. Compared with non-IBS patients, the odds ratio of having FD among IBS patients was 2.09 (95% CI: 1.68–2.59). Patients with FD-IBS overlap had higher severity scores for the postprandial fullness symptom (2.35 ± 1.49 vs. 1.72 ± 1.59, P < 0.001) and overall FD symptom (6.65 ± 2.88 vs. 5.82 ± 2.76, P = 0.002) than those with FD alone. The only independent risk factor for FD-IBS overlap vs. FD alone was the presence of postprandial fullness symptom (OR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.34–5.31).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Clinical overlap of FD and IBS according to Rome III criteria is very common. One risk factor for FD-IBS overlap is the presence of postprandial fullness symptom. This study provides clues for future pathophysiological studies of FD and IBS.</p

Low Densities of Serotonin and Peptide YY Cells in the Colon of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background The gut hormones are important in regulating gastrointestinal motility. Disturbances in gastrointestinal motility have been reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Reduced endocrine cell density, as revealed by chromogranin A, has been reported in the colon of IBS patients. Aims To investigate a possible abnormality in the colonic endocrine cells of IBS patients. Methods A total of 41 patients with IBS according to Rome Criteria III and 20 controls were included in the study. Biopsies from the right and left colon were obtained from both patients and controls during colonoscopy. The biopsies were immunostained for serotonin, peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), entroglucagon, and somatostatin cells. Cell densities were quantified by computerized image analysis. Results Serotonin and PYY cell densities were reduced in the colon of IBS patients. PP, entroglucagon, and somatostatin- immunoreactive cells were too few to enable reliable quantification

Dual alpha2C/5HT1A receptor agonist allyphenyline induces gastroprotection and inhibits fundic and colonic contractility

Allyphenyline, a novel α2-adrenoceptor (AR) ligand, has been shown to selectively activate α2C-adrenoceptors (AR) and 5HT1A receptors, but also to behave as a neutral antagonist of α2A-ARs. We exploited this unique pharmacological profile to analyze the role of α2C-ARs and 5HT1A receptors in the regulation of gastric mucosal integrity and gastrointestinal motility

Pathophysiologic Findings of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in China

The mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still incompletely understood in the world although large amount of investigations have been carried out on it. There are many studies on the pathophysiology of IBS in China, which has huge amount of population suffering from IBS with special ethnicity and culture, including Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We collected the literatures to show the results and discuss whether there were any differences in the pathophysiologic findings between China and other countries, whether there were any differences among different subtypes and how the pathophysiology correlated with the manifestations of patients. Gene polymorphism, disturbances of gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal infection and inflammation, psychological disturbances, food hypersensitivity and intolerance, and altered gut microflora were reviewed in this paper. Some conflicting outcomes between China and other countries were noted although most of them were similar

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified