483 research outputs found
Estabilidad oxidativa de aceites de soja y maĂz enriquecidos con extracto hidroalcohĂłlico de Pluchea quitoc
Soybean and corn oils are among the most popular vegetable oils, and are ingredients which are widely used in cooking and in the food industry. These oils contain many unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, which makes them easily oxidized by oxygen. Extensive efforts are being made to prevent or minimize vegetable oil oxidation through the development of antioxidants. Phenolic antioxidants which are present in some extracts can be used as food additives to prevent lipid oxidation. In this study chromatographic analyses (HPLC and GC) of the Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract were performed. The content of phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the antioxidant properties against radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2âČ-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) were also evaluated. The effect of samples prepared with soybean and corn oils enriched with Pluchea quitoc hydroalcoholic extract was determined and compared with samples of these oils which were free of antioxidants and with samples containing the synthetic antioxidant BHT. The results showed potential for application of the extract. A high content of phenolic compounds (314 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract) and good IC50 values were detected for the inhibition of the radicals DPPH and ABTS (13.2 ”g·mL-1 and 5.6 ”g·mL-1). In the evaluation of the oxidative stability of the oils enriched with this extract, it was found that at 1% concentration it was possible to obtain values of induction period (IP) close to the samples with added BHT.Los aceites de soja y maĂz se encuentran entre los aceites vegetales mĂĄs populares, ingredientes ampliamente utilizados en la cocina y tambiĂ©n en la industria alimentaria. Estos aceites contienen muchos ĂĄcidos grasos insaturados como los ĂĄcidos oleico, linoleico y linolĂ©nico que se oxidan fĂĄcilmente con el oxĂgeno. Se estĂĄn realizando grandes esfuerzos para prevenir o minimizar la oxidaciĂłn de los aceites vegetales mediante el desarrollo de antioxidantes. Los antioxidantes fenĂłlicos presentes en algunos extractos se pueden utilizar como aditivos alimentarios para prevenir la oxidaciĂłn de lĂpidos. En este estudio se realizĂł la obtenciĂłn y anĂĄlisis cromatogrĂĄficos (HPLC y GC) del extracto hidroalcohĂłlico de Pluchea quitoc. El contenido de compuestos fenĂłlicos se evaluĂł por el mĂ©todo de Folin-Ciocalteau y las propiedades antioxidantes frente a radicales DPPH y ABTS. Se determinĂł el efecto de muestras preparadas con aceites de soja y maĂz enriquecidas con extracto hidroalcohĂłlico de Pluchea quitoc y se comparĂł con muestras de estos aceites libres de antioxidantes y con el antioxidante sintĂ©tico BHT. Los resultados mostraron potencial para la aplicaciĂłn del extracto. Se detectĂł un alto contenido de compuestos fenĂłlicos (314 mg GAE) y buenos valores de IC50 para la inhibiciĂłn de los radicales DPPH y ABTS (13.2 ”g·mL-1 y 5.6 ”g·mL-1). En la evaluaciĂłn de la estabilidad oxidativa de los aceites enriquecidos con este extracto, se encontrĂł que para la concentraciĂłn del 1% es posible obtener valores de perĂodo de inducciĂłn (IP) cercanos a las muestras adicionadas con BHT
Model-based estimation of transmissibility and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant
Acknowledgements We are grateful for the collaborative work of the reviewers and the entire group of the ObservatĂłrio COVID-19 BR. In particular, we thank VerĂŽnica Coelho for critical inputs. We also thank the research funding agencies: the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel SuperiorâBrazil (Finance Code 001 to F.M.D.M., L.S.F. and T.P.P.), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgicoâBrazil (grant number: 315854/2020-0 to M.E.B., 141698/2018-7 to R.L.P.S., 313055/2020-3 to P.I.P., 312559/2020-8 to M.A.S.M.V., 311832/2017-2 to R.A.K., 305703/2019-6 to A.A.M.S.) and Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo PauloâBrazil (grant number: 2019/26310-2 and 2017/26770-8 to C.F., 2018/26512-1 to O.C., 2018/24037-4 to S.P. and contract number: 2016/01343-7 to R.A.K.). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention.Peer reviewe
Relação entre as variĂĄveis morfomĂ©tricas extraĂdas de dados SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) e a vegetação do Parque Nacional de BrasĂlia
Este trabalho visa ao estudo da relação entre a distribuição de fitofisionomias do Parque Nacional de BrasĂlia (PNB) e variĂĄveis topogrĂĄficas, para avaliar o potencial de dados SRTM isoladamente, como complemento aos dados tradicionalmente aplicados no sensoriamento remoto da vegetação. Esta relação foi verificada atravĂ©s de anĂĄlises discriminantes entre o mapa de vegetação referĂȘncia do PNB e as seguintes variĂĄveis morfomĂ©tricas: elevação, declividade, orientação de vertente, curvatura vertical e curvatura horizontal. Tais anĂĄlises indicaram as classes de vegetação que podem ser separadas com base nas condiçÔes topogrĂĄficas do terreno. As variĂĄveis morfomĂ©tricas mais importantes na distinção entre os tipos vegetacionais foram a elevação, a declividade e a orientação de vertente. Apesar de os dados morfomĂ©tricos mostrarem potencial indicativo das classes de vegetação, as anĂĄlises resultaram em discriminação em um nĂvel aquĂ©m do detalhamento temĂĄtico do mapa referĂȘncia. Tal desempenho pode ser explicado pela incompatibilidade das escalas de variação exibidas entre os dados morfomĂ©tricos em relação ao tamanho das unidades de mapeamento da vegetação. AlĂ©m disso, a variação de tipos de vegetação do cerrado pode ser explicada por uma sĂ©rie de outros fatores alĂ©m da topografia. Com base nas anĂĄlises discriminantes das variĂĄveis morfomĂ©tricas, foi possĂvel o mapeamento experimental da vegetação ao nĂvel de subfisionomias.This paper aims to study the relationship between the distribution of vegetation in Brasilia National Park and topographic variables, to evaluate the potential of SRTM data alone, in addition to data traditionally used in remote sensing of vegetation. A map of vegetation of the area was used as a reference and the morphometric variables (elevation, slope, aspect and profile and plane curvatures) were compared to the mapped units. Analyses indicated vegetation types easily discriminated depending on topographic position. The variables elevation, slope and aspect were shown to be the most important for their high discrimination power of the vegetation types. Although morphometric data are recognized as having strong potential for characterizing vegetation, this was not shown in the results, due to the mismatching of variability scales between the two sources of data, where large units tend to exhibit similar distribution patterns of morphometry, and comprise classes with different responses for morphometric constraints. Discriminant analyses of morphometric variables allowed vegetation mapping up to sub-physiognomy levels
Costs of falls in an ageing population: A nationwide study from the Netherlands (2007-2009)
Background: Falls are a common mechanism of injury in the older population, putting an increasing demand on scarce healthcare resources. The objective of this study was to determine healthcare costs due to falls in the older population. Methods: An incidence-based cost model was used to estimate the annual healthcare costs and costs per case spent on fall-related injuries in patients â„65 years, The Netherlands (2007-2009). Costs were subdivided by age, gender, nature of injury, and type of resource use. Results: In the period 2007-2009, each year 3% of all persons aged â„65 years visited the Emergency Department due to a fall incident. Related medical costs were estimated at âŹ675.4 million annually. Fractures led to 80% (âŹ540 million) of the fall-related healthcare costs. The mean costs per fall were âŹ9370, and were higher for women (âŹ9990) than men (âŹ7510) and increased with age (from âŹ3900 at ages 65-69 years to âŹ14,600 at ages â„85 year). Persons â„80 years accounted for 47% of all fall-related Emergency Department visits, and 66% of total costs. The costs of long-term care at home and in nursing homes showed the largest age-related increases and accounted together for 54% of the fall-related costs in older people. Discussion: Fall-related injuries are leading to a high healthcare consumption and related healthcare costs, which increases with age. Programmes to prevent falls and fractures should be further implemented in order to reduce costs due to falls in the older population and to avoid that healthcare systems become overburdened
The antagonist and synergist potential of cholinium-based deep eutectic solvents
The design of environmentally friendlier solvents has gained increasing relevance in the last decade. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently emerged, with advantages like low-cost and putative lower environmental impact. However, information about DES toxicity is still scarce. This work aims to contribute to profiling the ecotoxicity of DES based on cholinium chloride ([Chol]Cl). Six DES were addressed, combining [Chol]Cl (as hydrogen bond acceptor - HBA) with ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, propionic acid, 1-propanol, and urea as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), in different molar ratios. The MicrotoxÂź Acute Toxicity Test, was used for assessing their toxicity towards the marine bacteria Allivibrio fischeri . Because the dissociation of DES in water is expected, analysis appraising the mixtures toxicity theory should be considered, which is a step forward in this field. This analysis suggested that [Chol]Cl and all HBD with the exception of propionic acid:[Chol]Cl 1:2 and 4:1 behave antagonistically, which is contrary to what has been suggested previously. The most extreme cases are Urea:[Chol]Cl and 1-Propanol:[Chol]Cl, with EC50 values higher than their starting materials dosed singly, configuring very promising and biocompatible alternative solvents. Toxicity was found to be dependent on DES composition, as well as on molar proportions of the starting materials.publishe
Trabalho, terra e geração de renda em trĂȘs dĂ©cadas de reflorestamentos no alto Jequitinhonha.
A partir dos anos 1970, as chapadas do Alto Jequitinhonha, localizadas no nordeste de Minas Gerais, atĂ© entĂŁo ĂĄreas de uso comum de agricultores familiares, foram plantadas com eucaliptos. O objetivo deste artigo Ă© comparar os efeitos do reflorestamento sobre a estrutura fundiĂĄria, valor da produção agrĂcola e ocupação rural com os efeitos da produção agrĂcola familiar sobre essas mesmas variĂĄveis na microrregiĂŁo homogĂȘnea de Capelinha, no Alto Jequitinhonha. Tal microrregiĂŁo foi escolhida para o estudo por ser a ĂĄrea de maior concentração de eucaliptais da regiĂŁo. Foram utilizados dados secundĂĄrios dos Censos do IBGE para os anos de 1970, 1980, 1985 e 1996, alĂ©m de dados secundĂĄrios de pesquisas realizadas sobre a regiĂŁo em questĂŁo, incluindo entrevistas com dirigentes de empresas e lideranças sindicais. O artigo conclui que, em trinta anos, o reflorestamento concentrou terras e criou um nĂșmero reduzido de empregos; a agricultura familiar, ao contrĂĄrio, teve suas ĂĄreas de terras comprimidas e super-exploradas em decorrĂȘncia da perda das chapadas, mas continuou sendo a principal responsĂĄvel pela geração de ocupaçÔes e rendas na regiĂŁo
Measurement of the branching fraction
The branching fraction is measured in a data sample
corresponding to 0.41 of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb
detector at the LHC. This channel is sensitive to the penguin contributions
affecting the sin2 measurement from The
time-integrated branching fraction is measured to be . This is the most precise measurement to
date
Model-independent search for CP violation in D0âKâK+ÏâÏ+ and D0âÏâÏ+Ï+Ïâ decays
A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states KâK+ÏâÏ+ and ÏâÏ+Ï+Ïâ is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fbâ1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the KâK+ÏâÏ+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the ÏâÏ+Ï+Ïâ final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity
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