Are Reports of Psychological Stress Higher in Occupational Studies? A Systematic Review across Occupational and Population Based Studies

This study was funded by the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD)

Faculty Use of University Library Resources: A Study of Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria

Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUED) former Tai Solarin College of Education (TASCE) was upgraded into first University of Education in Nigeria in 2005. when Tai Solarin University of Education was established in2005, alibrary started with it with the mandate of providing, organizing and making available print and non-print information resources for students, and faculty, non-academic and academic community to aid teaching, learning and research. Since the establishment of the University and notable changes in the library status and efforts made so far in meeting information needs of its users (Students, faculty and non-academic staff and academic community), there has not been any study to assess the extent the library has done in providing information resources and services to the faculty staff of the University. The study seeks to ascertain the level of availability of library resources to faculty staff in this University, investigate the frequency of use by the faculty staff of this University library resources, determine the level of use of library resources by faculty members of this University, and to discover factors that hindered the use of library resources by faculty staff of this University

History of Cyclodextrins

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic degradation of starch. They are remarkable macrocyclic molecules that have led major theoretical and practical advances in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, health science, and agriculture. Their molecular structure is composed of a hydrophobic cavity that can encapsulate other substances to form inclusion complexes through host-guest interactions. This unique feature is at the origin of many applications. Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have a wide variety of practical applications in almost all sectors of the industry, including pharmacy, medicine, foods, cosmetics, chromatography, catalysis, biotechnology, and the textile industry.Villiers published the first reference to cyclodextrins in 1891. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, major researchers, such as Schardinger, Pringsheim, Karrer, Freudenberg, French, Cramer, Casu, Bender, Saenger, Nagai, Szejtli, and Pitha, have paved the history of the cyclodextrins. Several time periods have marked their history. After their discovery and characterization from 1891 to 1911, there has been a period of doubt and disagreement from 1911 to 1935. Then, the 1935–1950 exploration period was marked by structural results on the “Schardinger dextrins.” In 1949, Cramer introduced the cyclodextrin-based nomenclature. Research between 1950 and 1970, the period of maturation, focused on conformations and spectroscopic data of cyclodextrins and their inclusion complexes, with applications in catalysis and as enzyme models. Finally, the period of use has been ongoing since 1970 and has seen cyclodextrins find many industrial applications. Cyclodextrins have then found many industrial applications, initially in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. In 1984, the first chromatographic columns were commercialized. At that time, many cyclodextrin-based catalysts were developed for biomimetic chemistry and other applications such as artificial enzymes. Currently, more than 2000 publications on cyclodextrins are published each year.In this chapter, we present a historical overview of the discovery, development, and applications of cyclodextrins