Survey on Neuro-Fuzzy systems and their applications in technical diagnostics and measurement

Both fuzzy logic, as the basis of many inference systems, and Neural Networks, as a powerful computational model for classification and estimation, have been used in many application fields since their birth. These two techniques are somewhat supplementary to each other in a way that what one is lacking of the other can provide. This led to the creation of Neuro-Fuzzy systems which utilize fuzzy logic to construct a complex model by extending the capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks. Generally speaking all type of systems that integrate these two techniques can be called Neuro-Fuzzy systems. Key feature of these systems is that they use input-output patterns to adjust the fuzzy sets and rules inside the model. The paper reviews the principles of a Neuro-Fuzzy system and the key methods presented in this field, furthermore provides survey on their applications for technical diagnostics and measurement. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd

Ecophysiology of syntrophic communities that degrade saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids

Syntrophic relationships are the key for biodegradation in methanogenic environments. We review the ecological and physiological features of syntrophic communities involved in the degradation of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), as well as their potential application to convert lipids/fats containing waste to biogas. Presently, about 14 species have been described with the ability to grow on fatty acids in syntrophy with methanogens, all belonging to the families Syntrophomonadaceae and Syntrophaceae. The principle pathway of LCFA degradation is through β-oxidation, but the initial steps in the conversion of unsaturated LCFA are unclear. Communities enriched on unsaturated LCFA also degrade saturated LCFA, but the opposite generally is not the case. For efficient methane formation, the physical and inhibitory effects of LCFA on methanogenesis need to be considered. LCFA adsorbs strongly to biomass, which causes encapsulation of active syntrophic communities and hampers diffusion of substrate and products in and out of the biomass. Quantification of archaea by real-time PCR analysis suggests that potential LCFA inhibitory effect towards methanogens might be reversible. Rather, the conversion of adsorbed LCFA in batch assays was shown to result in a significant increase of archaeal cell numbers in anaerobic sludge samples.The authors thank J. Prosser for the invitation to write this minireview. We appreciated the critical reading of I.M. Head and of the anonymous reviewers, and we thank them for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work was possible through the financial support provided by the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) and European Social Fund (ESF) (grant SFRH/BD/8726/2002), and by the Wageningen Institute for Environmental and Climate Research (WIMEK)

Intrinsische Motivation und Basic Needs als Resilienzfaktoren gegen schulbezogene Ängste

Nuck BarbaraKlagenfurt, Alpen-Adria-Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2014(VLID)241198

Polydiacetylene-Peptide Interaction Mechanism in Mixed Lipid Systems

This thesis covers the theory, stimuli and interaction with peptides of (poly)diacetylenes (P/DA). PDA is employed as a sensor of its surrounding. The electronic and geometric structure of PDA is discussed. Different stimuli are presented and finally the interaction of various antimicrobial peptides with the P/DA are studied by UV-Vis-/transmission electron-/atomic force microscopy, DSC and ITC

Mechanism of Polydiacetylene Blue-to-Red Transformation Induced by Antimicrobial Peptides

Thermochromic temperature of polydiacetylene has been reported to coincide with the melting temperature of its lipidic monomers, indicating that the solid-to-liquid phase transition of monomers is linked to the color change. In this work, we study a hypothesis that peptide-induced chromism is similarly mediated by the lipid phase transition as many antimicrobial peptides are known to modulate the melting temperature of lipids