Tabo Amapo, Alfredo. El eco de las voces olvidadas. Una autoetnografía y etnohistoria de los Cavineños de la Amazonía Boliviana. Mickaël Brohan & Enrique Herrera, editores

La autoetnografía ha sido empleada como una estrategia teórica y metodológica para comprender diversas perspectivas de un mismo fenómeno, evento o época histórica, narradas por un sujeto que ha sido testigo presencial. La autoetnografía de indígenas ha sido bastante desarrollada en países como Estados Unidos y Canadá; medianamente, en América Central y de manera más esporádica en Sudamérica. El eco de las voces olvidadas se presenta como un trabajo ambicioso escrito por un indígena cavineño,..

A multiwavelength study of embedded clusters in W5-east, NGC 7538, S235, S252 and S254-S258

articleWe present Spitzer, near-IR (NIR) and millimetre observations of the massive star-forming regions W5-east, S235, S252, S254-S258 and NGC 7538. Spitzer data is combined with NIR observations to identify and classify the young population while 12CO and 13CO observations are used to examine the parental molecular cloud. We detect in total 3021 young stellar objects (YSOs). Of those, 539 are classified as Class I, and 1186 as Class II sources. YSOs are distributed in groups surrounded by a more scattered population. Class I sources are more hierarchically organized than Class II and associated with the most dense molecular material. We identify in total 41 embedded clusters containing between 52 and 73 per cent of the YSOs. Clusters are in general non-virialized, turbulent and have star formation efficiencies between 5 and 50 per cent. We compare the physical properties of embedded clusters harbouring massive stars (MEC) and low-mass embedded clusters (LEC) and find that both groups follow similar correlations where the MEC are an extrapolation of the LEC. The mean separation between MEC members is smaller compared to the cluster Jeans length than for LEC members. These results are in agreement with a scenario where stars are formed in hierarchically distributed dusty filaments where fragmentation is mainly driven by turbulence for the more massive clusters. We find several young OB-type stars having IR-excess emission which may be due to the presence of an accretion disc.This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through a contract issued by JPL/Caltech. We also thank NOAO for their student thesis support. The Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory was supported by NSF grant AST 0540852. CB is supported by an RCUK Fellowship at the University of Exeter, UK. This work is based in part on the IRAC postBCD processing software ‘IRACPROC’ developed by Mike Schuster, Massimo Marengo and Brian Patten at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. This research used the facilities of the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre operated by the National Research Council of Canada with the support of the Canadian Space Agency. This research has made use of the NASA/ IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the Spanish MINECO for funding support from grants CSD2009-00038, AYA2009-07304 and AYA2012-32032

Opinion of handball players, trainers and referees using the handball/futsal goalpost anti-tip system “tutigool” for a safe game: 2019 four nations international handball junior tournament

[EN] Problem Statement:Athletes and especially children die around the world due to sports accidents. In this regard, changes in the federal sports regulations are not only aimed at favoring the game, but also to improve the safety of athletes. In handball, the goal is an essential piece of equipment and the anti-tip system used is fundamental to prevent accidents. Purpose:The objective of the present study was to know the opinion of different sports agents about the use of the Tutigool anti-tip system in the goals. Methods:The sample consisted of 60 subjects (players (51 ± 0.72), trainers (5 ± 14.01), and referees (4 ± 2.5)), of which, 96.7% were men and 3.3% women. A modified Likert-scale questionnaire was filled out (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree) by the participants of the Four Nations International Tournament in January 2019 in the male U21 category, held in Santander (Spain). The questionnaire consisted of 18 items. Results: The most relevant results affirm that the system is appropriate for the handball game at the municipal and school level at 5.35 and for high level sports at 4.10. The average satisfaction with this system is 4.34. By agents, the coaches obtained 5.4, the referees 4.5 and the players 4.22. The Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out, which showed no significant differences in the mean scores (p> 0.05) given by players, trainers and referees in different aspects related to the anti-tip system. Conclusions:These results allow making a deep reflection and a change in handball regulations with the aim of adapting them and guaranteeing a safer practice, not only for athletes and amateur users, but also for sports facilities technicians who are responsible for the maintenance and handling of sports equipment.S

Spitzer observations of the Massive star forming complex S254-S258: structure and evolution

We present Spitzer-IRAC, NOAO 2.1meter-Flamingos, Keck-NIRC, and FCRAO-SEQUOIA observations of the massive star forming complex S254-S258, covering an area of 25x20 arc-minutes. Using a combination of the IRAC and NIR data, we identify and classify the young stellar objects (YSO) in the complex. We detect 510 sources with near or mid IR-excess, and we classify 87 Class I, and 165 Class II sources. The YSO are found in clusters surrounded by isolated YSO in a low-density distributed population. The ratio of clustered to total YSO is 0.8. We identify six new clusters in the complex. One of them, G192.63-00, is located around the ionizing star of the HII region S255. We hypothesize that the ionizing star of S255 was formed in this cluster. We also detect a southern component of the cluster in HII region S256. The cluster G192.54-0.15, located inside HII region S254 has a VLSR of 17 km/s with respect to the main cloud, and we conclude that it is located in the background of the complex. The structure of the molecular cloud is examined using 12CO and 13CO, as well as a near-IR extinction map. The main body of the molecular cloud has VLSR between 5 and 9 km/s. The arc-shaped structure of the molecular cloud, following the border of the HII regions, and the high column density in the border of the HII regions support the idea that the material has been swept up by the expansion of the HII regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Matemática y cultura: concepciones y relatos de profesores de Educación Básica

Se presentan resultados de la dimensión cultura y matemática del estudio que busca analizar concepciones y actitudes que manifiestan profesores de educación básica hacia una perspectiva sociocultural en matemáticas, abordamos el estudio a partir de la complementariedad de métodos, utilizando escala Likert y entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados preliminares muestran una alta valoración a objetos tecnológicos y manifestaciones artísticas y culturales en la enseñanza aprendizaje de la matemática, así también se denotan rasgos inclusivos y conocimiento disciplinar y didáctico que es resignificado de acuerdo al contexto cultural de desempeño. Se proyecta que en base a las características socioculturales de la escuela chilena es necesaria la inclusión complementaria de una perspectiva sociocultural en matemática en la formación de los futuros profesores

Star Formation Activity in the Galactic HII Complex S255-S257

We present results on the star-formation activity of an optically obscured region containing an embedded cluster (S255-IR) and molecular gas between two evolved HII regions S255 and S257. We have studied the complex using optical, near-infrared (NIR) imaging, optical spectroscopy and radio continnum mapping at 15 GHz, along with Spitzer-IRAC results. It is found that the main exciting sources of the evolved HII regions S255 and S257 and the compact HII regions associated with S255-IR are of O9.5 - B3 V nature, consistent with previous observations. Our NIR observations reveal 109 likely young stellar object (YSO) candidates in an area of ~ 4'.9 x 4'.9 centered on S255-IR, which include 69 new YSO candidates. Our observations increased the number of previously identified YSOs in this region by 32%. To see the global star formation, we constructed the V-I/V diagram for 51 optically identified IRAC YSOs in an area of ~ 13' x 13' centered on S255-IR. We suggest that these YSOs have an approximate age between 0.1 - 4 Myr, indicating a non-coeval star formation. Using spectral energy distribution models, we constrained physical properties and evolutionary status of 31 and 16 YSO candidates outside and inside the gas ridge, respectively. The models suggest that the sources associated within the gas ridge are of younger population (mean age ~ 1.2 Myr) than the sources outside the gas ridge (mean age ~ 2.5 Myr). The positions of the young sources inside the gas ridge at the interface of the HII regions S255 and S257, favor a site of induced star formation.Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Unveiling the molecular environment of the ring nebula RCW 78

We present a study of the ionized, neutral atomic, and molecular gas associated with the ring nebula RCW 78 around the WR star HD 117688 (= WR 55). We based our study on CO observations carried out with the SEST and NANTEN telescopes. We report the detection of molecular gas with velocities in the range -56 to -33 km/s. The CO emission is mainly connected to the western section, with a total molecular mass of 1.3 x 10^5 solar masses. The analysis of the HI gas distribution reveals the HI envelope of the molecular cloud, while the radio continuum emission shows a ring-like structure, which is the radio counterpart of the optical nebula. The gas distribution is compatible with the western section of RCW 78 having originated in the photodissociation and ionization of the molecular gas by HD 117688, and with the action of the stellar winds of the WR star. A number of infrared point sources classified as YSO candidates showed that stellar formation activity is present in the molecular gas linked to the nebula. The fact that the expansion of the bubble have triggered star formation in this region can not be discarded.Comment: 15 pages, 11 Postscript figures, to be published in A&

Water abundances in high-mass protostellar envelopes: Herschel observations with HIFI

We derive the dense core structure and the water abundance in four massive star-forming regions which may help understand the earliest stages of massive star formation. We present Herschel-HIFI observations of the para-H2O 1_11-0_00 and 2_02-1_11 and the para-H2-18O 1_11-0_00 transitions. The envelope contribution to the line profiles is separated from contributions by outflows and foreground clouds. The envelope contribution is modelled using Monte-Carlo radiative transfer codes for dust and molecular lines (MC3D and RATRAN), with the water abundance and the turbulent velocity width as free parameters. While the outflows are mostly seen in emission in high-J lines, envelopes are seen in absorption in ground-state lines, which are almost saturated. The derived water abundances range from 5E-10 to 4E-8 in the outer envelopes. We detect cold clouds surrounding the protostar envelope, thanks to the very high quality of the Herschel-HIFI data and the unique ability of water to probe them. Several foreground clouds are also detected along the line of sight. The low H2O abundances in massive dense cores are in accordance with the expectation that high densities and low temperatures lead to freeze-out of water on dust grains. The spread in abundance values is not clearly linked to physical properties of the sources.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication the 15/07/2010 by Astronomy&Astrophysics as a letter in the Herschel-HIFI special issu

Herschel / HIFI observations of CO, H2O and NH3 in Mon R2

Context. Mon R2 is the only ultracompact HII region (UCHII) where the associated photon-dominated region (PDR) can be resolved with Herschel. Due to its brightness and proximity, it is the best source to investigate the chemistry and physics of highly UV-irradiated PDRs. Aims. Our goal is to estimate the abundance of H2O and NH3 in this region and investigate their origin. Methods. We present new observations obtained with HIFI and the IRAM-30m telescope. Using a large velocity gradient approach, we model the line intensities and derive an average abundance of H2O and NH3 across the region. Finally, we model the line profiles with a non-local radiative transfer model and compare these results with the abundance predicted by the Meudon PDR code. Results. The variations of the line profiles and intensities indicate complex geometrical and kinematical patterns. The H2O lines present a strong absorption at the ambient velocity and emission in high velocity wings towards the HII region. The spatial distribution of the o-H2^18O line shows that the its emission arises in the PDR surrounding the HII region. By modeling the o-H2^18O emission we derive a mean abundance of o-H2O of ~10^-8 relative to H2. The ortho-H2O abundance is however larger, ~1x10^-7, in the high velocity wings. Possible explanations for this larger abundance include an expanding hot PDR and/or an outflow. Ammonia seems to be present only in the envelope with an average abundance of ~2x10^-9 relative to H2. Conclusions. The Meudon PDR code can account for the measured water abundance in the high velocity gas as long as we assume that it originates from a <1 mag hot expanding layer of the PDR, i.e. that the outflow has only a minor contribution to this emission. To explain the abundances in the rest of the cloud the molecular freeze out and grain surface chemistry would need to be included.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A. Abstract shortened. Updated references, language editing applied in v