Le débat sur l’Histoire de Shōwa et le Japon de 1955

Tournant dans l’histoire du Japon, 1955 est notamment l’année de la publication de Shōwashi, ouvrage qui provoque le premier grand débat d’historiens du Japon d’après-guerre.1955 represented a turning point in Japan’s early postwar history. In That year Shōwashi was published, a book that sparked the first great debate for historians in postwar Japan

Data-driven simulation for augmented surgery

International audienceTo build an augmented view of an organ during surgery, it is essential to have a biomechanical model with appropriate material parameters and boundary conditions , able to match patient specific properties. Adaptation to the patient's anatomy is obtained by exploiting the image-rich context specific to our application domain. While information about the organ shape, for instance, can be obtained preoper-atively, other patient-specific parameters can only be determined intraoperatively. To this end, we are developing data-driven simulations, which exploit information extracted from a stream of medical images. Such simulations need to run in real-time. To this end we have developed dedicated numerical methods, which allow for real-time computation of finite element simulations. The general principle consists in combining finite element approaches with Bayesian methods or deep learning techniques, that allow to keep control over the underlying computational model while allowing for inputs from the real world. Based on a priori knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the considered organ, we select a constitutive law to model its deformations. The predictive power of such constitutive law highly depends on the knowledge of the material parameters and A. Mendizaba

Community-Level Responses to Iron Availability in Open Ocean Plankton Ecosystems

Predicting responses of plankton to variations in essential nutrients is hampered by limited in situ measurements, a poor understanding of community composition, and the lack of reference gene catalogs for key taxa. Iron is a key driver of plankton dynamics and, therefore, of global biogeochemical cycles and climate. To assess the impact of iron availability on plankton communities, we explored the comprehensive bio-oceanographic and bio-omics data sets from Tara Oceans in the context of the iron products from two state-of-the-art global scale biogeochemical models. We obtained novel information about adaptation and acclimation toward iron in a range of phytoplankton, including picocyanobacteria and diatoms, and identified whole subcommunities covarying with iron. Many of the observed global patterns were recapitulated in the Marquesas archipelago, where frequent plankton blooms are believed to be caused by natural iron fertilization, although they are not captured in large-scale biogeochemical models. This work provides a proof of concept that integrative analyses, spanning from genes to ecosystems and viruses to zooplankton, can disentangle the complexity of plankton communities and can lead to more accurate formulations of resource bioavailability in biogeochemical models, thus improving our understanding of plankton resilience in a changing environment

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Le procès de Tôkyô et le débat sur l’Histoire de Shôwa

Paru en 1955, l’Histoire de Shôwa représente l’exemple le plus représentatif du projet des historiens japonais pour élaborer, au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une nouvelle histoire nationale. Le but avoué des auteurs est de dépasser les limites du procès de Tôkyô, et la menace que celles-ci font peser à leurs yeux sur la démocratie au Japon. L’ouvrage fait l’objet d’une polémique qui permet de mesurer les résistances qui se développent au sein de la société japonaise contre un tel projet. Cet article cherche à souligner les enjeux politiques et mémoriels qui entourent le débat, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la question centrale des responsabilités de guerre, et par conséquent du traitement réservé dans cette histoire au procès de Tôkyô.Published in 1955, the History of Shôwa is the most prominent example of the project by Japanese academic historians to elaborate a new national history, in the aftermath of the Second World War. Their intended goal was to exceed the limits of the Tokyo trial, and the threat those limits put, according to the authors, on the Japanese democracy. A polemic took place after the publication of the book, which allows us to acknowledge the growing resistance within Japanese society against such a project. This paper will try to underline the political and memorial stakes behind this debate, especially in relation to the responsibilities of war, and consequently the depiction of the Tokyo trial in such an history

Les effets du sport sur le mal de dos du chirurgien-dentiste

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocSudocFranceF

Seasonal dynamics of a glycan‐degrading flavobacterial genus in a tidally mixed coastal temperate habitat

International audienceCoastal marine habitats constitute hotspots of primary productivity. In temperate regions, this is due both to massive phytoplankton blooms and dense colonisation by macroalgae that mostly store carbon as glycans, contributing substantially to local and global carbon sequestration. Because they control carbon and energy fluxes, algae‐degrading microorganisms are crucial for coastal ecosystem functions. Environmental surveys revealed consistent seasonal dynamics of alga‐associated bacterial assemblages, yet resolving what factors regulate the in situ abundance, growth rate and ecological functions of individual taxa remains a challenge. Here, we specifically investigated the seasonal dynamics of abundance and activity for a well‐known alga‐degrading marine flavobacterial genus in a tidally mixed coastal habitat of the Western English Channel. We show that members of the genus Zobellia are a stable, low‐abundance component of healthy macroalgal microbiota and can also colonise particles in the water column. This genus undergoes recurring seasonal variations with higher abundances in winter, significantly associated to biotic and abiotic variables. Zobellia can become a dominant part of bacterial communities on decaying macroalgae, showing a strong activity and high estimated in situ growth rates. These results provide insights into the seasonal dynamics and environmental constraints driving natural populations of alga‐degrading bacteria that influence coastal carbon cycling

ACUTE ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: PLASMAPHERESIS OR IMMUNOADSORPTIONS?

International audienc