1,752 research outputs found
Solos na Escola: Uma ExperiĂŞncia Didático-Prática com os Alunos do Ensino Fundamental no MunicĂpio de Areia- PB
Soil is a fundamental component of the terrestrial ecosystem, despite its importance, this topic is usually not covered with due relevance in elementary education. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the perception of soils at school: experience with students in the 6th year of elementary school at a school in Areia – PB. The work carried out at the JosĂ© Lins Sobrinho Municipal Elementary School, located in Vila do Mercado, Usina Santa Maria district, rural area of ​​the municipality of Areia-PB. The target audience were students from two classes of the 6th year of elementary school in the periods of 2022.2 and 2023.1 divided into 25 students per period, totaling 50 students. Questionnaires were administered to students before and after the theoretical and practical workshops. There was significant student interaction throughout all activities, noticing an increase in the interest of some students and a progressive advance in knowledge.O solo Ă© um componente fundamental do ecossistema terrestre, apesar de sua importância, esse tema, usualmente, nĂŁo Ă© abordado com a devida relevância no ensino fundamental. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a percepção dos solos na escola: experiĂŞncia com estudantes do 6° ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola em Areia – PB. O trabalho foi realizado na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental JosĂ© Lins Sobrinho, localizada na Vila do Mercado, distrito da Usina Santa Maria, zona rural do municĂpio de Areia-PB. O pĂşblico alvo foram os estudantes de duas turmas do 6° ano do ensino fundamental nos perĂodos de 2022.2 e 2023.1 divididas em 25 alunos por perĂodo, totalizando 50 alunos. Foram aplicados questionários aos estudantes, antes e apĂłs as oficinas teĂłricas e práticas. Verificou-se a interação significativa dos estudantes no decorrer de todas as atividades, percebendo acrĂ©scimo no interesse de alguns estudantes e um avanço progressivo no conhecimento
Piceatannol Increases Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Cell Death in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast under Oxidative Stress
Piceatannol is a resveratrol metabolite that is considered a potent antioxidant and cytoprotector because of its high capacity to chelate/sequester reactive oxygen species. In pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species is closely related to the disorder in the cells and may cause changes in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial activity, which is implicated in oxidative stress status or even in cell death. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate piceatannol as cytoprotector in culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through in vitro analyses of cell viability and oxidative stress parameters after oxidative stress induced as an injury simulator. Fibroblasts were seeded and divided into the following study groups: control, vehicle, control piceatannol, H2O2 exposure, and H2O2 exposure combined with the maintenance in piceatannol ranging from 0.1 to 20 µM. The parameters analyzed following exposure were cell viability by trypan blue exclusion test, general metabolism status by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, mitochondrial activity through the ATP production, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced gluthatione. Piceatannol was shown to be cytoprotective due the maintenance of cell viability between 1 and 10 µM even in the presence of H2O2. In a concentration of 0.1 µM piceatannol decreased significantly cell viability but increased cellular metabolism and antioxidant capacity of the fibroblasts. On the other hand, the fibroblasts treated with piceatannol at 1 µM presented low metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, piceatannol did not protect cells from mitochondrial damage as measured by ATP production. In summary, piceatannol is a potent antioxidant in low concentrations with cytoprotective capacity, but it does not prevent all damage caused by hydrogen peroxide
Protective Effect of Baccharis trimera Extract on Acute Hepatic Injury in a Model of Inflammation Induced by Acetaminophen
Background. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic. When administered in high doses, APAP is a clinical problem in the US and Europe, often resulting in severe liver injury and potentially acute liver failure. Studies have demonstrated that antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents effectively protect against the acute hepatotoxicity induced by APAP overdose. Methods. The present study attempted to investigate the protective effect of B. trimera against APAP-induced hepatic damage in rats. The liver-function markers ALT and AST, biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters, and histopathological changes were examined. Results. The pretreatment with B. trimera attenuated serum activities of ALT and AST that were enhanced by administration of APAP. Furthermore, pretreatment with the extract decreases the activity of the enzyme SOD and increases the activity of catalase and the concentration of total glutathione. Histopathological analysis confirmed the alleviation of liver damage and reduced lesions caused by APAP. Conclusions. The hepatoprotective action of B. trimera extract may rely on its effect on reducing the oxidative stress caused by APAP-induced hepatic damage in a rat model. General Significance. These results make the extract of B. trimera a potential candidate drug capable of protecting the liver against damage caused by APAP overdose
Population-based seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the herd immunity threshold in MaranhĂŁo
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon
12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa
Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activitie
Perfil epidemiolĂłgico da morbimortalidade por pneumonia no MaranhĂŁo / Epidemiological profile of morbimortality from pneumonia in MaranhĂŁo
Pneumonia trata-se da inflamação do parĂŞnquima de um ou ambos os pulmões, que Ă© causada geralmente por infecções (bacteriana, viral, fĂşngica e parasitas) e constitui a principal causa de Ăłbitos no mundo, com severo impacto na morbimortalidade. As principais diretrizes e escores de gravidade sĂŁo baseados em estudos internacionais, e, apesar da alta incidĂŞncia de pneumonia no Brasil, pouco se sabe a respeito da gravidade e morbimortalidade da doença em nĂvel regional. Este estudo se propĂ´s a identificar o perfil da morbimortalidade por pneumonia no estado do MaranhĂŁo no perĂodo de 2008 a 2016. AlĂ©m disso, o presente artigo trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, ecolĂłgico, com análise da sĂ©rie temporal do perĂodo de 2008 a 2016 no estado do MaranhĂŁo. População compreendeu 239.957 indivĂduos internados com pneumonia e 8.900 indivĂduos que a tiveram como causa de Ăłbito. Dados foram retirados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Ăšnico de SaĂşde. Foi traçado os perfis epidemiolĂłgicos, da morbimortalidade por pneumonia e por se tratar de dados secundários de domĂnio pĂşblico, o presente estudo nĂŁo necessitou de aprovação no ComitĂŞ de Ética e Pesquisa
Perfil epidemiolĂłgico da morbimortalidade por Pneumonia no MaranhĂŁo / Epidemiological profile of morbimortality from Pneumonia in MaranhĂŁo
Pneumonia trata-se da inflamação do parĂŞnquima de um ou ambos os pulmões, que Ă© causada geralmente por infecções (bacteriana, viral, fĂşngica e parasitas) e constitui a principal causa de Ăłbitos no mundo, com severo impacto na morbimortalidade. As principais diretrizes e escores de gravidade sĂŁo baseados em estudos internacionais, e, apesar da alta incidĂŞncia de pneumonia no Brasil, pouco se sabe a respeito da gravidade e morbimortalidade da doença em nĂvel regional. Este estudo se propĂ´s a identificar o perfil da morbimortalidade por pneumonia no estado do MaranhĂŁo no perĂodo de 2008 a 2016. AlĂ©m disso, o presente artigo trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, ecolĂłgico, com análise da sĂ©rie temporal do perĂodo de 2008 a 2016 no estado do MaranhĂŁo. População compreendeu 239.957 indivĂduos internados com pneumonia e 8.900 indivĂduos que a tiveram como causa de Ăłbito. Dados foram retirados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Ăšnico de SaĂşde. Foi traçado os perfis epidemiolĂłgicos, da morbimortalidade por pneumonia e por se tratar de dados secundários de domĂnio pĂşblico, o presente estudo nĂŁo necessitou de aprovação no ComitĂŞ de Ética e Pesquisa.
Uma revisão integrativa sobre a Colangite Biliar Primária
A colangite biliar primária, um novo nome para a cirrose biliar primária, Ă© uma doença colestática de etiologia autoimune e representa a primeira causa de colestase intra-hepática. Caracteriza-se pela destruição de pequenos dutos biliares ligados Ă infiltração de linfĂłcitos, com prevalĂŞncia de 10 a 40 por 100.000 habitantes no mundo. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre novas informações a respeito da colangite biliar primária. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisĂŁo integrativa de literatura, selecionando artigos publicados nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em CiĂŞncias da SaĂşde. A partir da análise qualitativa dos dados, obteve-se como conclusĂŁo as seguintes descobertas: A PBC Ă© um problema de saĂşde raro e mal diagnosticado; nĂŁo há conhecimento ainda sobre as razões da predominância dessa da CBP em mulheres, resposta Ă terapĂŞutica, distribuição geográfica e mortalidade entre sexos; os casos dessa doença sĂŁo assintomáticos; a qualidade de vida dos pacientes Ă© comprometida com o agravamento dos casos, onde apresentam inicialmente sinais de prurido (20 a 70% dos casos) e fadiga (entre 50% a 78% dos pacientes); exames de biĂłpsica hepática podem ser tranquilamente substituĂdos por testes nĂŁo-invasivos, em análises de rotina de bioquĂmica hepática; a possiblidade de diagnosticar a PBC pode ser diagnosticada partindo de fatores biolĂłgicos exclusivos que indicam a presença de anticorpos anti-mitocondriais e uma elevação da fosfatase alcalina. No entanto Ă© quase possĂvel que o PBC seja soronegativo; a etiologia da CBP nĂŁo sendo encontra clara, sendo o tratamento difĂcil; em caso de tratamento, utiliza-se mais ursodesoxicĂłlico, ácido biliar hidrofĂlico natural que bloqueia a sĂntese hepática do colesterol, estimulando a sĂntese de ácidos biliares e restaurando o equilĂbrio entre esses
Dupla tarefa na doença de Parkinson: uma revisão de literatura / Dual tasks in Parkinson’s disease: a literature review
A Doença de Parkinson (DP) consiste em um transtorno neurodegenerativo crĂ´nico, causado pela degeneração de neurĂ´nios que sintetizam o neurotransmissor dopamina na regiĂŁo do cĂ©rebro denominada de nĂşcleos da base, na área mais conhecida como substância negra, resultando na redução da quantidade de dopamina na regiĂŁo do corpo estriado, outra área cerebral. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em observar, atravĂ©s de uma revisĂŁo de literatura, os efeitos e os benefĂcios da dupla tarefa na doença de Parkinson. O formato escolhido foi o bases de dados SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em CiĂŞncias da SaĂşde) e PEDro (Bade de Dados em EvidĂŞncias em Fisioterapia)., de uma revisĂŁo da literatura, com artigos dos Ăşltimos cinco anos provenientes das nos idiomas portuguĂŞs, espanhol e inglĂŞs com ĂŞnfase nos seguintes descritores: Dupla Tarefa; Parkinson; Reabilitação; Fisioterapia. Os resultados destacaram melhorias em torno dos sintomas cognitivos e motores, favorecendo o equilĂbrio, a marcha, desenvolvimento de habilidades de automatização, transferĂŞncia de aprendizado, tempo de caminhada, diminuição do fenĂ´meno de congelamento e atenuando significativamente o risco de quedas, de maneira que o paciente da DP tenha melhorias significativas acerca de sua qualidade de vida. Com o advento da fisioterapia no enfrentamento da Doença de Parkinson, as abordagens terapĂŞuticas com ĂŞnfase na dupla tarefa contribuem de forma Ămpar na reabilitação desses indivĂduos
Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least
three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data
sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns
collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector
at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model
backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are
presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard
model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new
particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets
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