Promoção da saúde de grávidas adolescentes: um projecto de intervenção

Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Educação Social e Intervenção ComunitáriaA gravidez na adolescência é vivida de distintas formas, dependendo da complexidade dos contextos familiares, sociais, culturais em que cada uma das grávidas se insere. O presente estudo tem como objectivos: identificar as necessidades das grávidas adolescentes; sensibilizar as grávidas adolescentes para tomarem consciência dos seus problemas e recursos disponíveis; promover a partilha de experiências entre as grávidas adolescentes e construir um programa de intervenção específico adequado às necessidades identificadas. Em termos metodológicos, o estudo insere-se no âmbito da investigação acção participativa. Para a recolha de dados, utilizámos como instrumentos de avaliação, o questionário e a entrevista focalizada em grupo. Os participantes do estudo foram grávidas adolescentes, que fizeram vigilância pré-natal na Unidade de Intervenção Precoce da Maternidade Bissaya Barreto em Coimbra, com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 18 anos. Os resultados deste projecto de intervenção encontram-se organizados em quatro fases correspondentes aos estudos. Os dois primeiros estudos permitiram a identificação das dificuldades e necessidades das grávidas adolescentes. Estas partilharam medos, angústias, dificuldades, que deixaram marcas no seu percurso como adolescentes. Comunicaram desejos e necessidades, algumas delas consumadas numa formação prática que correspondeu ao terceiro estudo. Da participação activa das grávidas adolescentes, surge um quarto estudo, que compreende a construção de um programa de intervenção, com o propósito de promover a sua saúde e permitir subsídios relevantes para a mudança de comportamentos, orientados para uma cidadania activa. Consideramos que este projecto contribuiu para dar voz às grávidas adolescentes, desenvolver as suas competências de forma a desempenhar um papel influente na comunidade. São sugeridas implicações deste estudo para a intervenção social e promoção da saúde das grávidas adolescentesTeenage pregnancy is experienced in different ways, depending on the social and cultural complexity of the family contexts in which the pregnant is integrated. This study aims to identify the needs of pregnant teenagers; sensitize pregnant teenagers to be aware of their problems and their available resources, to promote the sharing of experiences among pregnant adolescents and to build a specific intervention program that suits their identified needs. In terms of methodology, the study falls within the scope of participatory action research. To collect data we used as evaluation tools, a questionnaire and a focused group interview. The participants of the study were pregnant adolescents who where under prenatal surveillance at the Unit of Precocious Intervention at the Maternity Bissaya Barreto in Coimbra, and they were aged between 15 and 18 years. The results of this intervention project are organized into four phases corresponding to the studies.The first two studies have identified the difficulties and needs of pregnant adolescents. They shared fears, anxieties, and difficulties that have left marks on their journey as teenagers. They also reported their desires and needs; some of the pregnant overreached them in a practical formation that corresponded to the third study. Due to the active participation of pregnant teenagers arises the fourth study involving the construction of an intervention program with the purpose of promoting their health and allowing relevant subsidies to change behaviours, towards oriented active citizenship. We believe that this project helped to give voice to pregnant teenagers to develop their skills in order to play an influential role in the community. Implications of this study are suggested for social intervention and health promotion of pregnant teenagers

Construcción y validación de la Escala de Comunicación Interprofesional en Salud

To construct and validate the Interprofessional Communication Scale in Health. Methods: a psychometric study was carried out on a sample of 360 nurses from a hospital and university center in central Portugal. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: the Interprofessional Communication in Health Scale, consisting of 27 items, is organized into 3 factors: "Teamwork", "Conflict management" and "Leadership", with a total variance of 51.1%. Good internal consistency was obtained, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.842, and adequate Goodness of Fit Index model. Conclusions:the Interprofessional Communication in Health Scale presents a factorial structure with adequate validity and reliability results, and may constitute a useful self-report instrument in assessing interprofessional communication in healthConstruir e validar a Escala de Comunicação Interprofissional em Saúde. Métodos: o estudo psicométrico foi realizado em uma amostra com 360 enfermeiros de um centro hospitalar e universitário da região centro de Portugal. A confiabilidade foi avaliada através da consistência interna e a validade do construto pela análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Resultados: a Escala de Comunicação Interprofissional em Saúde, constituída por 27 itens, está organizada em 3 fatores: “Trabalho em equipe”, “Gestão de conflitos” e “Liderança”, com uma variância total de 51,1%. Obtiveram-se boa consistência interna, com alfa de Cronbach de 0,842, e índices adequados de qualidade de ajustamento do modelo. Conclusões: a Escala de Comunicação Interprofissional em Saúde apresenta uma estrutura fatorial com resultados adequados de validade e de confiabilidade, podendo constituir-se um instrumento de autorresposta útil na avaliação da comunicação interprofissional em saúdeConstruir y validar la Escala de Comunicación Interprofesional en Salud. Métodos: el estudio psicométrico se realizó sobre una muestra de 360 enfermeras de un centro hospitalario y universitario del centro de Portugal. La confiabilidad se evaluó a través de la consistencia interna y la validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados: la Escala de Comunicación Interprofesional en Salud, compuesta por 27 ítems, se organiza en 3 factores: “Trabajo en equipo”, “Gestión de conflictos” y “Liderazgo”, con una varianza total del 51,1%. Se obtuvo una buena consistencia interna, con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,842, y adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste del modelo. Conclusiones: la Escala de Comunicación Interprofesional en Salud presenta una estructura factorial con resultados adecuados de validez y confiabilidad, pudiendo constituir un instrumento de autoinforme útil en la evaluación de la comunicación interprofesional en salu

Cultura de segurança do doente na prática clínica dos enfermeiros

Objective: to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, to characterize the patient safety culture, and to assess the influence of the sociodemographic and professional variables on the safety culture dimensions. Method: a methodological, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted with 360 nurses in which the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was used. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis, as well as to feasibility and validity studies. Results: the nurses’ mean age is 42 years old, their mean time of professional experience is 19 years, and they are mostly female. Good internal consistency was obtained (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.83), as well as acceptable model fit quality indices. Teamwork within units, Supervisor expectations and Feedback and communication about errors were the dimensions that obtained scores above 60%. Non-punitive response to error, Frequency of events reported, Support for patient safety and Staffing presented scores below 40%. These dimensions are influenced by age, schooling level and professional experience. Conclusion: the psychometric properties of the questionnaire certify its good quality. Teamwork can be considered as an enhancing factor for the safety culture. Assessing the safety culture allowed identifying problematic dimensions, thus enabling planning of future interventions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Patient safety culture in nurses' clinical practice

Objective: to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, to characterize the patient safety culture, and to assess the influence of the sociodemographic and professional variables on the safety culture dimensions. Method: a methodological, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted with 360 nurses in which the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was used. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis, as well as to feasibility and validity studies. Results: the nurses’ mean age is 42 years old, their mean time of professional experience is 19 years, and they are mostly female. Good internal consistency was obtained (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.83), as well as acceptable model fit quality indices. Teamwork within units, Supervisor expectations and Feedback and communication about errors were the dimensions that obtained scores above 60%. Non-punitive response to error, Frequency of events reported, Support for patient safety and Staffing presented scores below 40%. These dimensions are influenced by age, schooling level and professional experience. Conclusion: the psychometric properties of the questionnaire certify its good quality. Teamwork can be considered as an enhancing factor for the safety culture. Assessing the safety culture allowed identifying problematic dimensions, thus enabling planning of future interventions

Cultura de segurança do doente na prática clínica dos enfermeiros

Objetivo: avaliar as caraterísticas psicométricas do Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, caracterizar a cultura de segurança do doente e avaliar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais nas dimensões da cultura de segurança. Método: estudo metodológico, observacional, analítico, transversal, realizado com 360 enfermeiros, utilizando o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, inferencial e estudos de fiabilidade e validade. Resultados: os enfermeiros possuem em média 42 anos de idade, 19 anos de experiência profissional e são maioritariamente do sexo feminino. Obteve-se boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach - 0,83) e índices aceitáveis de qualidade de ajustamento do modelo. O trabalho em equipa dentro das unidades, expetativas do supervisor, feedback e comunicação sobre o erro, foram dimensões que apresentaram scores acima dos 60%. A resposta ao erro não punitiva, frequência da notificação, apoio à segurança pela gestão, dotação de profissionais, apresentaram scores abaixo dos 40%. Estas dimensões são influenciadas pela idade, escolaridade e experiência profissional. Conclusão: as propriedades psicométricas do questionário certificam a sua qualidade. O trabalho em equipa pode ser considerado um fator potenciador da cultura de segurança. Avaliar a cultura de segurança permitiu identificar dimensões problemáticas, possibilitando o planeamento de intervenções futuras.Objective: to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, to characterize the patient safety culture, and to assess the influence of the sociodemographic and professional variables on the safety culture dimensions. Method: a methodological, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted with 360 nurses in which the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was used. The data were submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis, as well as to feasibility and validity studies. Results: the nurses’ mean age is 42 years old, their mean time of professional experience is 19 years, and they are mostly female. Good internal consistency was obtained (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.83), as well as acceptable model fit quality indices. Teamwork within units, Supervisor expectations and Feedback and communication about errors were the dimensions that obtained scores above 60%. Non-punitive response to error, Frequency of events reported, Support for patient safety and Staffing presented scores below 40%. These dimensions are influenced by age, schooling level and professional experience. Conclusion: the psychometric properties of the questionnaire certify its good quality. Teamwork can be considered as an enhancing factor for the safety culture. Assessing the safety culture allowed identifying problematic dimensions, thus enabling planning of future interventions.Objetivo: evaluar las características psicométricas de la Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, caracterizar la cultura de seguridad del paciente y evaluar la influencia de variables sociodemográficas y profesionales en las dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad. Método: estudio metodológico, observacional, analítico, transversal, realizado con 360 enfermeros, utilizando el cuestionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo e inferencial y estudios de confiabilidad y validez. Resultados: los enfermeros tienen en promedio 42 años de edad, 19 años de experiencia profesional y la mayoría es de sexo femenino. Se obtuvo buena consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach - 0,83) e índices aceptables de bondad de ajuste del modelo. El trabajo en equipo dentro de las unidades, las expectativas del supervisor, el feedback y la comunicación del error fueron las dimensiones que presentaron puntajes superiores al 60%. La respuesta al error no punitiva, la frecuencia de notificación, el apoyo a la seguridad por parte de los gestores, la dotación de personal, presentaron puntajes por debajo del 40%. Estas dimensiones son influenciadas por la edad, la educación y la experiencia profesional. Conclusión: las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario certifican su calidad. El trabajo en equipo puede considerarse un factor que potencia la cultura de seguridad. La evaluación de la cultura de seguridad permitió identificar las dimensiones que tenían problemas y poder planificar futuras intervenciones

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq