213 research outputs found
Benchmarks for Academic Oncology Faculty
The role of clinical researchers is vital to cancer progress. The teaching, research, and leadership roles that academic oncologists hold need to be accounted for and appropriately compensated. National metrics are currently inexistent, but are necessary to move the oncology research field forward. Clinical research and routine clinical care must be harmoniously integrated without competing. This article reviews the national landscape of clinical cancer research and proposes a call for action
Relativistic close coupling calculations for photoionization and recombination of Ne-like Fe XVII
Relativistic and channel coupling effects in photoionization and unified
electronic recombination of Fe XVII are demonstrated with an extensive 60-level
close coupling calculation using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix method.
Photoionization and (e + ion) recombination calculations are carried out for
the total and the level-specific cross sections, including the ground and
several hundred excited bound levels of Fe XVII (up to fine structure levels
with n = 10). The unified (e + ion) recombination calculations for (e + Fe
XVIII --> Fe XVII) include both the non-resonant and resonant recombination
(`radiative' and `dielectronic recombination' -- RR and DR). The low-energy and
the high energy cross sections are compared from: (i) a 3-level calculation
with 2s^2p^5 (^2P^o_{1/2,3/2}) and 2s2p^6 (^2S_{1/2}), and (ii) the first
60-level calculation with \Delta n > 0 coupled channels with spectroscopic
2s^2p^5, 2s2p^6, 2s^22p^4 3s, 3p, 3d, configurations, and a number of
correlation configurations. Strong channel coupling effects are demonstrated
throughout the energy ranges considered, in particular via giant
photoexcitation-of-core (PEC) resonances due to L-M shell dipole transition
arrays 2p^5 --> 2p^4 3s, 3d in Fe XIII that enhance effective cross sections by
orders of magnitude. Comparison is made with previous theoretical and
experimental works on photoionization and recombination that considered the
relatively small low-energy region (i), and the weaker \Delta n = 0 couplings.
While the 3-level results are inadequate, the present 60-level results should
provide reasonably complete and accurate datasets for both photoionization and
(e + ion) recombination of Fe~XVII in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, Phys. Rev. A (submitted
Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions
We review the most important experimental results from the first three years
of nucleus-nucleus collision studies at RHIC, with emphasis on results from the
STAR experiment, and we assess their interpretation and comparison to theory.
The theory-experiment comparison suggests that central Au+Au collisions at RHIC
produce dense, rapidly thermalizing matter characterized by: (1) initial energy
densities above the critical values predicted by lattice QCD for establishment
of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP); (2) nearly ideal fluid flow, marked by
constituent interactions of very short mean free path, established most
probably at a stage preceding hadron formation; and (3) opacity to jets. Many
of the observations are consistent with models incorporating QGP formation in
the early collision stages, and have not found ready explanation in a hadronic
framework. However, the measurements themselves do not yet establish
unequivocal evidence for a transition to this new form of matter. The
theoretical treatment of the collision evolution, despite impressive successes,
invokes a suite of distinct models, degrees of freedom and assumptions of as
yet unknown quantitative consequence. We pose a set of important open
questions, and suggest additional measurements, at least some of which should
be addressed in order to establish a compelling basis to conclude definitively
that thermalized, deconfined quark-gluon matter has been produced at RHIC.Comment: 101 pages, 37 figures; revised version to Nucl. Phys.
Clinical Profiles, Outcomes, and Sex Differences of Patients With STEMI: Findings From the NORIN-STEMI Registry
Background: Low- and middle-income countries account for most of the global burden of coronary artery disease. There is a paucity of data regarding epidemiology and outcomes for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in these regions. Objectives: The authors studied the contemporary characteristics, practice patterns, outcomes, and sex differences in patients with STEMI in India. Methods: NORIN-STEMI (North India ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Registry) is an investigator-initiated prospective cohort study of patients presenting with STEMI at tertiary medical centers in North India. Results: Of 3,635 participants, 16% were female patients, one-third were <50 years of age, 53% had a history of smoking, 29% hypertension, and 24% diabetes. The median time from symptom onset to coronary angiography was 71 hours; the majority (93%) presented first to a non-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-capable facility. Almost all received aspirin, statin, P2Y12 inhibitors, and heparin on presentation; 66% were treated with PCI (98% femoral access) and 13% received fibrinolytics. The left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% in 46% of patients. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 9% and 11%, respectively. Compared with male patients, female patients were less likely to receive PCI (62% vs 73%; P < 0.0001) and had a more than 2-fold greater 1-year mortality (22% vs 9%; adjusted HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.7-2.7; P <0.001). Conclusions: In this contemporary registry of patients with STEMI in India, female patients were less likely to receive PCI after STEMI and had a higher 1-year mortality compared with male patients. These findings have important public health implications, and further efforts are required to reduce these gaps
Recommended from our members
Epstein-Barr virus: clinical and epidemiological revisits and genetic basis of oncogenesis
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a member in the order herpesvirales, family herpesviridae, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae and the genus lymphocytovirus. The virus is an exclusively human pathogen and thus also termed as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4). It was the first oncogenic virus recognized and has been incriminated in the causation of tumors of both lymphatic and epithelial nature. It was reported in some previous studies that 95% of the population worldwide are serologically positive to the virus. Clinically, EBV primary infection is almost silent, persisting as a life-long asymptomatic latent infection in B cells although it may be responsible for a transient clinical syndrome called infectious mononucleosis. Following reactivation of the virus from latency due to immunocompromised status, EBV was found to be associated with several tumors. EBV linked to oncogenesis as detected in lymphoid tumors such as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and T-cell lymphomas (e.g. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas; PTCL and Anaplastic large cell lymphomas; ALCL). It is also linked to epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric carcinomas and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). In vitro, EBV many studies have demonstrated its ability to transform B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Despite these malignancies showing different clinical and epidemiological patterns when studied, genetic studies have suggested that these EBV- associated transformations were characterized generally by low level of virus gene expression with only the latent virus proteins (LVPs) upregulated in both tumors and LCLs. In this review, we summarize some clinical and epidemiological features of EBV- associated tumors. We also discuss how EBV latent genes may lead to oncogenesis in the different clinical malignancie
Proton-Λ correlations in central Au+Au collisions at √s\u3csub\u3eNN\u3c/sub\u3e = 200 GeV
We report on p−Λ,p− ¯Λ¯ ,¯p¯−Λ, and ¯p¯− ¯Λ¯ correlation functions constructed in central Au-Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The proton and lambda source size is inferred from the p−Λ and p− ¯Λ¯; correlation functions. It is found to be smaller than the pion source size also measured by the STAR experiment at smaller transverse masses, in agreement with a scenario of a strong universal collective flow. The ¯p¯− Λ and p− ¯Λ¯ correlation functions, which are measured for the first time, exhibit a large anticorrelation. Annihilation channels and/or a negative real part of the spin-averaged scattering length must be included in the final-state interactions calculation to reproduce the measured correlation function
Hadronization geometry from net-charge angular correlations on momentum subspace () in Au-Au collisions at GeV
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular
difference variables (pseudorapidity) and
(azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum GeV/ and from Au-Au collisions at GeV. We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but
consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing
centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam
direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam
and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Forward Neutral Pion Production in p + p and d + Au Collisions at √ sNN = 200 GeV
Measurements of the production of forward π0 mesons from p+p and d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV are reported. The p+p yield generally agrees with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The d+Au yield per binary collision is suppressed as η increases, decreasing to ∼30% of the p+p yield at ⟨η⟩=4.00, well below shadowing expectations. Exploratory measurements of azimuthal correlations of the forward π0 with charged hadrons at η≈0 show a recoil peak in p+p that is suppressed in d+Au at low pion energy. These observations are qualitatively consistent with a saturation picture of the low-x gluon structure of heavy nuclei
Transverse-momentum p\u3csub\u3et\u3c/sub\u3e correlations on (η,ϕ) from mean-p\u3csub\u3et\u3c/sub\u3e fluctuations in Au–Au collisions at √s\u3csub\u3eNN\u3c/sub\u3e = 200 GeV
We present first measurements of the pseudorapidity and azimuth (η, ϕ) binsize dependence of event-wise mean transverse-momentum ⟨pt⟩ fluctuations for Au–Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV. We invert that dependence to obtain pt autocorrelations on differences (η∆, ϕ∆) interpreted to represent velocity/temperature distributions on (η, ϕ). The general form of the autocorrelations suggests that the basic correlation mechanism is parton fragmentation. The autocorrelations vary rapidly with collision centrality, which suggests that fragmentation is strongly modified by a dissipative medium in the more central Au–Au collisions relative to peripheral or p–p collisions
Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel
A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for use by the human genetic community. Using a set of validation genotypes at SNP and bi-allelic indels we show that these haplotypes have lower genotype discordance and improved imputation performance into downstream GWAS samples, especially at low-frequency variants. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
- …