89 research outputs found

    DECOMPOSITION D’UNE SEQUENCE D’IMAGES DYNAMIQUES DU COEUR EN COMPOSANTES SANGUINE ET TISSULAIRE, EN TOMOGRAPHIE D'EMISSION PAR POSITRONS, PAR LA METHODE DE REDUCTION LINEAIRE DE DIMENSION.

    Get PDF
    La MĂ©thode de la RĂ©duction LinĂ©aire des Dimensions (Linear Dimension Reduction, LDR) repose sur le principe de la classification par projection entre espaces vectoriels. C'est une technique alternative pour surmonter les limites et les insuffisances de l’analyse factorielle et la mĂ©thode des rĂ©gions d’intĂ©rĂȘt, des mĂ©thodes utilisĂ©es souvent dans le traitement automatique des sĂ©quences d’images mĂ©dicales en vue d’extraire le plus efficacement possible, les paramĂštres cliniques nĂ©cessaires au diagnostic. Dans cet article, nous dĂ©veloppons l’aspect thĂ©orique fondamental de la mĂ©thode suivi de sa dĂ©marche algorithmique. L'application de la technique est effectuĂ©e par la suite dans la dĂ©composition d’une sĂ©rie d’images dynamiques du cƓur du rat acquise en tomographie d'Ă©mission par positrons (TEP), en composantes sanguine et tissulaire avec un bruit optimal. La dĂ©composition des images tomographiques avec LDR permet la localisation des tissus dans les images et d'en augmenter le contraste contribuant ainsi Ă  une simplification des procĂ©dures des analyses quantitatives en TEP

    Aging and Gene Expression in the Primate Brain

    Get PDF
    It is well established that gene expression levels in many organisms change during the aging process, and the advent of DNA microarrays has allowed genome-wide patterns of transcriptional changes associated with aging to be studied in both model organisms and various human tissues. Understanding the effects of aging on gene expression in the human brain is of particular interest, because of its relation to both normal and pathological neurodegeneration. Here we show that human cerebral cortex, human cerebellum, and chimpanzee cortex each undergo different patterns of age-related gene expression alterations. In humans, many more genes undergo consistent expression changes in the cortex than in the cerebellum; in chimpanzees, many genes change expression with age in cortex, but the pattern of changes in expression bears almost no resemblance to that of human cortex. These results demonstrate the diversity of aging patterns present within the human brain, as well as how rapidly genome-wide patterns of aging can evolve between species; they may also have implications for the oxidative free radical theory of aging, and help to improve our understanding of human neurodegenerative diseases

    Polyphenols and brain health

    Get PDF
    Accumulating evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle can play an important role in delaying the onset or halting the progression of age-related health disorders and to improve cognitive function. A growing number of dietary intervention studies in humans and animals and in particular those using polyphenol-rich diets have been proposed to exert a multiplicity of neuroprotective actions within the brain, including a potential to protect neurons against injury induced by neurotoxins, an ability to suppress neuroinflammation and a potential to promote memory, learning, and cognitive functions. These effects appear to be underpinned by two common processes. First, they are capable of interactions with critical protein and lipid kinase signalling cascades in the brain, leading to an inhibition of apoptosis triggered by neurotoxic species and to a promotion of neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Second, they inducebeneficial effects on the vascular system, leading to changes in cerebrovascular blood flow capable of causing enhance vascularisation and neurogenesis, two events important in the maintenance of cognitive performances. Together, these processes act to maintain brain homeostasis and play important roles in neuronal stress adaptation and thus polyphenols might have the potential to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies

    Traitement du rayonnement diffusé en tomographie d'émission par positrons à haute résolution

    No full text
    Dans ce travail, nous proposons une nouvelle mĂ©thode de description du rayonnement diffusĂ© en tomographie d'Ă©mission par positrons (TEP) Ă  haute rĂ©solution, qui permet l'Ă©laboration de nouvelles approches pour la correction du diffusĂ© par soustraction ou par restauration. Des composantes de rayonnement diffusĂ© dans l'objet, dans le collimateur et dans le dĂ©tecteur sont identifiĂ©es sur les projections d'une source linĂ©aire et sont ajustĂ©es Ă  l'aide de monoexponentielles indĂ©pendantes. Leurs paramĂštres, i.e. l'amplitude et les pentes, sont Ă  leur tour approximĂ©s par des fonctions analytiques en fonction de la position de la source. Ces paramĂštres servent ensuite Ă  gĂ©nĂ©rer les fonctions du diffusĂ©, desquelles sont extraits les noyaux de convolution. Les soustractions consĂ©cutives des composantes du diffusĂ© par la mĂ©thode de la convolution non-stationnaire montrent que le gain en contraste dĂ©pend principalement de l'Ă©limination du diffusĂ© dans l'objet. La soustraction de la composante du diffusĂ©-dĂ©tecteur n'affecte que superficiellement le contraste et la rĂ©solution alors qu'elle rĂ©duit considĂ©rablement l'efficacitĂ© de dĂ©tection. La soustraction du diffusĂ©-objet combinĂ©e Ă  la restauration du diffusĂ©-dĂ©tecteur permet un gain similaire de contraste sans perte d'efficacitĂ©. En utilisant une fenĂȘtre d'Ă©nergie Ă©tendue pour collecter les Ă©vĂ©nements de basse Ă©nergie, nos rĂ©sultats montrent que le contraste et la rĂ©solution spatiale peuvent ĂȘtre totalement rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©s, en rĂ©alisant un gain substantiel de sensibilitĂ©, qui atteint 58% avec le tomographe animal de L'UniversitĂ© de Sherbrooke. En conclusion, cette nouvelle mĂ©thode expĂ©rimentale de conception de noyaux de convolution dĂ©pendants de l'Ă©nergie, de la position de la source et de l'origine du diffusĂ© permet une correction plus efficace et plus prĂ©cise du rayonnement diffusĂ© en TEP Ă  haute rĂ©solution

    Imaging of hypoxia in human glioblastoma with dynamic 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET

    No full text
    Aim: The purpose of this study was to locate the levels of hypoxia in glioblastoma PET images measured with 18F-fluoromisonidazole in human subjects. It is recognized that tumors with hypoxia are resistant to treatment by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Methods: The images were acquired in dynamic mode for 15 min or 30 min and in static mode for two single scans at 2 h and 3 h to allow the accumulation of the radiotracer in the tumor. The images were analyzed at the voxel basis with compartmental analysis (CA) and with the usual tumor-to-blood uptake ratio (TBR). Kmeans algorithm was applied to cluster the levels of hypoxia in the images.Results: TBR at a threshold of 1.2 at imaging times of 15 min, 2 h and 3 h produced images with different clusters. Also, the comparison of TBR with the distribution volume obtained with CA had a similarity index of 0.61 ± 0.05.Conclusion: We found some differences in defining the hypoxic volume within a tumor using TBR. The compartmental analysis allowed discrimination of the tumor hypoxic sub-volumes which can be useful for a better treatment with radiotherapy
    • 

    corecore