311 research outputs found
Conceptualising learning through simulation: An expansive approach forprofessional and personal learning
This paper explores different ways of conceptualising the learning that occurs as student nurses engage in simulation experiences. The conceptual frameworks discussed in this paper draw upon the work of Benner and Sutphen (2007) and Engeström (1994). Benner and Sutphen's work highlights the complex nature of situated knowledge in practice disciplines such as nursing. They suggest that knowledge must be constantly integrated within the curriculum through pedagogies of interpretation, formation, contextualisation and performance. These pedagogies present a framework, which may enhance our understanding of the impact of simulation upon student learning. Engeström's work on activity theory, recognises the links between learning and the environment of work and highlights the possibilities for learning to inspire change, innovation and the creation of new ideas. His notion of expansive learning offers nurse education a means of reconceptualising the learning that occurs during simulation. Together these frameworks present an opportunity for nurse education to articulate and theorise the learning inherent in simulation activities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
Engineering a rare-cutting restriction enzyme: genetic screening and selection of NotI variants
Restriction endonucleases (REases) with 8-base specificity are rare specimens in nature. NotI from Nocardia otitidis-caviarum (recognition sequence 5′-GCGGCCGC-3′) has been cloned, thus allowing for mutagenesis and screening for enzymes with altered 8-base recognition and cleavage activity. Variants possessing altered specificity have been isolated by the application of two genetic methods. In step 1, variant E156K was isolated by its ability to induce DNA-damage in an indicator strain expressing M.EagI (to protect 5′-NCGGCCGN-3′ sites). In step 2, the E156K allele was mutagenized with the objective of increasing enzyme activity towards the alternative substrate site: 5′-GCTGCCGC-3′. In this procedure, clones of interest were selected by their ability to eliminate a conditionally toxic substrate vector and induce the SOS response. Thus, specific DNA cleavage was linked to cell survival. The secondary substitutions M91V, F157C and V348M were each found to have a positive effect on specific activity when paired with E156K. For example, variant M91V/E156K cleaves 5′-GCTGCCGC-3′ with a specific activity of 8.2 × 10(4) U/mg, a 32-fold increase over variant E156K. A comprehensive analysis indicates that the cleavage specificity of M91V/E156K is relaxed to a small set of 8 bp substrates while retaining activity towards the NotI sequence
Smart Specialization within Industry 4.0 Network Strategies
The article is devoted to the analysis of hightech
sectors development within Industry 4.0 and the
features of innovation linkages between them based on
network approach. The conceptual base for creating of
networks in high-tech sectors based on system integration
approach are proposed and the main advantages of given
approach are determined. An algorithm for determining the
development options for certain inter-sectoral networks,
considering the Smart Specialization and international
component of national security, has been developed. By
empirically examining of Smart Specialization experience a
more complete understanding of successful strategies of
networked based public policy was propose
Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition improves memory and reduces total tau levels in a mouse model of tau deposition
INTRODUCTION: Tau pathology is associated with a number of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Few treatments have been demonstrated to diminish the impact of tau pathology in mouse models and none are yet effective in humans. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from cytoplasmic proteins, rather than nuclear histones. Its substrates include tubulin, heat shock protein 90 and cortactin. Tubastatin A is a selective inhibitor of HDAC6. Modification of tau pathology by specific inhibition of HDAC6 presents a potential therapeutic approach in tauopathy. METHODS: We treated rTg4510 mouse models of tau deposition and non-transgenic mice with tubastatin (25 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) from 5 to 7 months of age. Cognitive behavior analysis, histology and biochemical analysis were applied to access the effect of tubastatin on memory, tau pathology and neurodegeneration (hippocampal volume). RESULTS: We present data showing that tubastatin restored memory function in rTg4510 mice and reversed a hyperactivity phenotype. We further found that tubastatin reduced the levels of total tau, both histologically and by western analysis. Reduction in total tau levels was positively correlated with memory improvement in these mice. However, there was no impact on phosphorylated forms of tau, either by histology or western analysis, nor was there an impact on silver positive inclusions histologically. CONCLUSION: Potential mechanisms by which HDAC6 inhibitors might benefit the rTg4510 mouse include stabilization of microtubules secondary to increased tubulin acetylation, increased degradation of tau secondary to increased acetylation of HSP90 or both. These data support the use of HDAC6 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents against tau pathology
Resilience as a concept for understanding family caregiving of adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): an integrative review
Abstract
Aims: This paper was a report of the synthesis of evidence on examining the origins
and definitions of the concept of resilience, investigating its application in chronic illness
management and exploring its utility as a means of understanding family caregiving
of adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Background: Resilience is a concept that is becoming relevant to understanding how
individuals and families live with illness, especially long-term
conditions. Caregivers of
adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease must be able to respond to exacerbations
of the condition and may themselves experience cognitive imbalances. Yet, resilience
as a way of understanding family caregiving of adults with COPD is little explored.
Design: Literature review – integrative review.
Data sources: CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO were searched between
1989–2015.
Review methods: The principles of rapid evidence assessment were followed.
Results: We identified 376 relevant papers: 20 papers reported the presence of the
concept of resilience in family caregivers of chronic diseases patients but only 12
papers reported the presence of the concept of resilience in caregivers of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients and have been included in the synthesis. The
term resilience in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease caregiving is most often
understood using a deficit model of health
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Clinical credibility and trustworthiness are key characteristics used to identify colleagues from whom to seek information
Aims and objectives
To explore the use of information by nurses making decisions in clinically uncertain situations in one aspect of critical care nursing practice (enteral feeding). In this paper, we report the characteristics, which participants identified as important, of the people from whom they sought information for the purpose of making clinical decisions.
Background
Registered nurses have a plethora of information sources available to assist them in making clinical decisions. Identifying and selecting the best information to support these decisions can be difficult and is influenced by factors such as accessibility, usefulness and variations in quality of the information.
Design
An instrumental case study design using multiple case study analysis.
Method
Twenty-two critical care nurses from two intensive care units contributed to the data through multiple methods of data collection including concurrent verbal protocols (think aloud), retrospective probing and focus group interviews.
Results
Nurses preferentially used colleagues as a source of information when faced with uncertainty about their clinical practice. Most participants placed greater emphasis on evaluating the individual providing the information rather than on evaluating the information itself. Key features used for identifying an individual as a source of information included experience, clinical role, trust and approachability.
Conclusion
Establishing clearly what clinical credibility means, and to what extent trustworthiness and expertise play a role in the establishment of credibility, is an important debate for nursing. We need to carefully consider what defines the construct of clinical credibility and how this aligns with the concept of clinical currency, to allow clinicians to determine in others the characteristics associated with clinical credibility to access quality information through social interaction.
Relevance to clinical practice
Processes to focus on determining the quality of information obtained from colleagues should be emphasised. What these processes are and how they could be implemented into clinical practice remains unknown and is highlighted as an area for future research
A qualitative study of nurse practitioner promotion of interprofessional care across institutional settings : perspectives from different healthcare professionals
AbstractObjectiveInterprofessional care, an aim of institutional healthcare settings globally, promotes safe, cost-effective, quality care. How professionals act to enable interprofessional care has not been described. The nurse practitioner role, with its expertise in both medicine and nursing, is known to enhance collaboration and promote interprofessional care delivery. The objective of this study was to identify, from the healthcare professionals' perspective, nurse practitioner strategies used to enhance interprofessional care.MethodA hermeneutic phenomenology design was employed. Healthcare professionals from acute care hospitals and associated long-term care residences (n = 6) in one Canadian province were invited to participate. Individual interviews were held with healthcare professionals (n = 52) who regularly work with a nurse practitioner. The participants were asked to share experiences that held significance or value in promoting interprofessional care.ResultsFour valued role attributes were identified; consistent role presence, time to focus on the patient, effective communication, and respectful centrality. Identified strategies extending from the attributes included knowledge sharing, respectful negotiation, identifying patient issues, being open and transparent, listening to opinions, bridging professions, and working as the hub of the group. Multiple types of interprofessional relationships were perceived, with the hierarchical type as the most common.ConclusionsNurse practitioners in acute care hospital and long-term care settings have valued attributes that can promote interprofessional care. Effective strategies to promote interprofessional care emerge from these role attributes. However, the interprofessional relationship type perceived could enhance or impede the contribution of the strategies to interprofessional care promotion
Modular Sampling and Analysis Techniques for the Real-Time Analysis of Human Breath
At LLNL and UC Davis, we are developing several techniques for the real-time sampling and analysis of trace gases, aerosols and exhaled breath that could be useful for a modular, integrated system for breath analysis. Those techniques include single-particle bioaerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS) for the analysis of exhaled aerosol particles or droplets as well as breath samplers integrated with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or MEMS-based differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). We describe these techniques and present recent data obtained from human breath or breath condensate, in particular, addressing the question of how environmental exposure influences the composition of breath
La tassonomia XBRL italiana della nota integrativa: analisi delle fonti normative
Through a wide-ranging critical review of relevant publications, we explore and articulate what constitutes the sensemaking perspective in organization studies, as well as its range of applications and limitations. More specifically, we argue that sensemaking in organizations has been seen as consisting of specific episodes, is triggered by ambiguous events, occurs through specific processes, generates specific outcomes, and is influenced by several situational factors. Furthermore, we clarify the application range of the sensemaking perspective and identify, as well as account for, the types and aspects of organizational sensemaking that have been under-researched. We critically discuss the criticism that the sensemaking perspective has received so far and selectively expand on it. Finally, we identify the main limitations of the sensemaking perspective, which, if tackled, will advance it: the neglect of prospective sensemaking, the exclusive focus on disruptive episodes at the expense of more mundane forms of sensemaking implicated in routine activities, the ambiguous status of enactment, the conflation of first-order and second-order sensemaking, and the lack of proper attention to embodied sensemaking. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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