ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS DE FOLHAS E GALHOS DE Ocotea puberula (LAURACEAE)

O estudo da composição química dos óleos essenciais das folhas e galhos de Ocotea puberula (Lauraceae), obtidos por arraste a vapor, utilizando a técnica de CG/EM levou a identificação de três monoterpenos: a-tujeno, -pineno e mirceno e dez sesquiterpenos: isoledeno, -elemeno, - cariofileno, a-humuleno, g-curcumeno, germacreno-D, biciclogermacreno, D-cadineno, longifoleno e germacreno-A. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM LEAVES AND STEMS OF Ocotea puberula (LAURACEAE) Abstract The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oils from leaves and stems, obtained by hydrodistillation, were performed by GC/MS and afforded three monoterpenes: a-thujene, -pinene e myrcene and ten sesquiterpenes: isoledene, -elemene, -caryophyllene, a-humulene, g- curcumene, germacrene-D, bicyclogermacrene, D-cadinene , longifolene e germacrene-A

Insecticidal activity of three species of Guatteria (Annonaceae) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

the products of vegetal origin were assessed for bioactive substances to reduce reliance on organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, to which insect populations have become resistant. For this reason the aim of this study was to assess whether the essential oils of Guatteria hispida, G. blepharophylla and G. friesiana have insecticidal effect against A. aegypti under laboratory conditions. Essential oils were extracted through hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (CG-FID), Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). the bioassays were analyzed according to the Probit model. The GC-MS and NMR analyses confirmed that the leaves of G. blepharophylla have the caryophyllene oxide as their main component; in G. friesiana the a-,b- and g-eudesmols prevail, and in G. hispida a- and b-pinene, and (E)-caryophyllene are the predominant compounds. the lethal concentrations LC50, LC95 and LC99, were respectively 85.74, 199.35 and 282.76ppm for G. hispida; 58.72, 107.6 and 138.37ppm for G. blepharophylla; and 52.6, 94.37 and 120.22ppm for G. friesiana. the oil extracted from G. friesiana presented the best insecticidal effect.Se evalúan productos de origen vegetal en busca de sustancias bioactivas que tengan la capacidad de reducir la dependencia de insecticidas organofosforados y piretroides, a los que las poblaciones de insectos se han vuelto resistentes. Por esta razón el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si los aceites esenciales de Guatteria hispida, G. blepharophylla y G. friesiana presentan efecto insecticida contra A. aegypti bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Los aceites esenciales se extrajeron a través de hidrodestilación por medio de un aparato tipo Clevenger, analizados por Cromatografía Gaseosa acoplada a Espectrometría de Masas (CG-EM) y Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN). Los bioensayos se analizaron de acuerdo con el modelo Probit. Los análisis de (CG-EM) y (RMN) confirmaron que las hojas de G. blepharophylla presentan óxido de cariofileno como el principal componente; en G. friesiana fue a-, b- y g-eudesmol, y en G. hispida a- y b-pineno y (E)-cariofileno fueron los compuestos predominantes. La concentraciones letales CL50, CL95 y CL99 fueron respectivamente 85,74, 199,35 y 282,76ppm para G. hispida; 58.72, 107.6 y 138.37 ppm para G. blepharophylla; 52,6, 94,37 y 120,22ppm para G. friesiana. El aceite extraído de G. friesiana presentó el mejor efecto insecticida.publishe

Caavuranamide, a novel steroidal alkaloid from the ripe fruits of Solanum caavurana Vell. (Solanaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the ripe fruits of Solanum caavurana Vell. (Solanaceae) afforded a novel steroidal alkaloid with spirosolane-type skeleton, named as caavuranamide, together with the alkaloids 4-tomatiden-3-one and 5α-tomatidan-3-one. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities for the ethanolic extract, sub-fractions obtained from partition and acid-base treatment were also evaluated. Caavuranamide showed antibacterial activity similar to the chloramphenicol positive control against Rhodococcus equi.A investigação fitoquímica dos frutos maduros de Solanum caavurana Vell. (Solanaceae) forneceu um novo alcaloide esteroidal do tipo espirosolano, caavuranamida, juntamente com os alcaloides 4-tomatiden-3-ona e 5α-tomatidan-3-ona. Suas estruturas foram elucidadas através de métodos espectroscópicos. As atividades antiproliferativa e antimicrobiana para o extrato etanólico e subfrações provenientes de partição e de extração ácido-base foram investigadas. A caavuranamida apresentou atividade antibacteriana similar ao controle positivo cloranfenicol contra Rhodococcus equi

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc