Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Alokasi Umum terhadap Belanja Langsung dan Dampaknya terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kota Bitung

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN ALOKASI UMUM TERHADAP BELANJA LANGSUNG DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KOTA BITUNG Feronika, Vekie A. Rumate, Een N. Walewangko Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Magister Ilmu EkonomiUniversitas Sam ratulangi ABSTRAK Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) merupakan salah satu komponen utama pemerintah daerah dalam menunjang alokasi anggaran pembangunan yang juga ditunjang oleh pemerintah pusat melalui pengalokasian Dana Alokasi Umum guna meningkatkan Belanja Langsung dan tujuan akhirnya adalah peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Dengan adanya pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah diharapkan akan memberi efek domino dan berdampak pada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan analisis path atau analisis jalur untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dua variable independen terhadap satu variable ndependent dan pengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap variable dependen kedua. Dimana didapatkan hasil positif antara pendapatan asli daerah dan dana alokasi umum terhadap belanja langsung dan dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Bitung.Kata kunci : Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Belanja Langsung, Pertumbuhan Ekonomil ABSTRACT Local Revenue is one of the main components of local government in supporting the development budget allocation is also supported by the central government through the allocation of general allocation funds in order to increase direct expenditure and the final goal is the improvement of the regional economy. With the region\u27s economic growth is expected to be also a positive domino effect and impact on improving people\u27s welfare.This study used path analysis or path analysis to determine how much influence the two variables are independent of one variable independent and indirect influence on both the dependent variable. Where the positive results obtained between the local revenue and general allocation of funds towards direct spending and its impact on economic growth in the city of Bitung

Functional Activation During a Cognitive Control Task in Healthy Youth Specific to Externalizing or Internalizing Behaviors

© 2017 Society of Biological Psychiatry Background: Externalizing behaviors are negative behaviors expressed outwardly, including rule breaking, aggression, and risk taking; internalizing behaviors are expressed inwardly, including depression, withdrawal, and anxiety. Such behavior can cause problems in early life and predict difficulties across the lifespan. There is evidence for a relationship between executive function and both externalizing and internalizing. However, although these behaviors occur along a spectrum, there is little neuroimaging research on this relationship in typically developing youth. Methods: We assessed 41 youth (10–19 years of age) using the Multi-Source Interference Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging and related the findings to self-reported externalizing and internalizing scores as measured by the Youth Self-Report. We performed a general linear model using FSL software; externalizing, internalizing, age, and sex were included in the model. Results: Compared to the control condition, the more difficult Multi-Source Interference Task interference condition was associated with greater engagement of the frontoparietal cognitive control system and decreased engagement of regions in the default mode network, based on a cluster threshold of Z \u3e 3.1 (p =.01). When we examined regions uniquely associated with either internalizing or externalizing, we found that within the same group of subjects, higher externalizing behavior was associated with hyperactivity in the parietal lobe; in contrast, higher internalizing behavior was associated with increased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that externalizing and internalizing may be associated with altered, but different, patterns of activation during cognitive control. This has implications for our understanding of the relationship between cognitive control and behavioral problems in youth

Fractal and stereological analyses of insulin-induced rat exocrine pancreas remodelling

Background: The effect of insulin on the endocrine pancreas has been the subject of extensive study, but quantitative morphometric investigations of the exocrine pancreas are scarce. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of acute and chronic insulin administration (two doses, 0.4 IU and 4 IU) on the morphology of rat pancreas acini. Materials and methods: Semi-fine sections stained with methylene blue and basic fuchsine or haematoxylin and eosin-stained 5-micrometer thick paraffin sections were used for fractal and stereological analysis of exocrine acini. Acute insulin treatment, independent of applied doses increased fractal dimension in line with decreased lacunarity of pancreas acini. Chronic low dose insulin decreased fractal dimension and increased lacunarity of pancreas acini, but a high dose had the opposite effect. The volume densities (Vv) of cytoplasm, granules and nucleus are affected differently: acute low dose and high chronic dose significantly decreased granules Vv, and in line increased cytoplasmic Vv, whereas other examined structures showed slight changes without statistical significance. Results: The results obtained from this investigation indicate that insulin treatment induced structural remodelling of the exocrine pancreas suggesting a substantial role of insulin in its functioning. Conclusions: Additionally, we showed that fine architectural changes in acini could be detected by fractal analysis, suggesting this method as an alternative or addition to routine stereology

Unexpected large eruptions from buoyant magma bodies within viscoelastic crust

Large volume effusive eruptions with relatively minor observed precursory signals are at odds with widely used models to interpret volcano deformation. Here we propose a new modelling framework that resolves this discrepancy by accounting for magma buoyancy, viscoelastic crustal properties, and sustained magma channels. At low magma accumulation rates, the stability of deep magma bodies is governed by the magma-host rock density contrast and the magma body thickness. During eruptions, inelastic processes including magma mush erosion and thermal effects, can form a sustained channel that supports magma flow, driven by the pressure difference between the magma body and surface vents. At failure onset, it may be difficult to forecast the final eruption volume; pressure in a magma body may drop well below the lithostatic load, create under-pressure and initiate a caldera collapse, despite only modest precursors

Controls on explosive-effusive volcanic eruption styles

One of the biggest challenges in volcanic hazard assessment is to understand how and why eruptive style changes within the same eruptive period or even from one eruption to the next at a given volcano. This review evaluates the competing processes that lead to explosive and effusive eruptions of silicic magmas. Eruptive style depends on a set of feedbacks involving interrelated magmatic properties and processes. Foremost of these are magma viscosity, gas loss, and external properties such as conduit geometry. Ultimately, these parameters control the speed at which magmas ascend, decompress and outgas en route to the surface, and thus determine eruptive style and evolution

European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS).

The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated to providing new insights and tools for better understanding redox biology and medicine and, in the long run, to finding new therapeutic strategies to target dysregulated redox processes in various diseases. This report highlights the major achievements of EU-ROS as well as research updates and new perspectives arising from its members. The EU-ROS consortium comprised more than 140 active members who worked together for four years on the topics briefly described below. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is an established hallmark of our aerobic environment and metabolism but RONS also act as messengers via redox regulation of essential cellular processes. The fact that many diseases have been found to be associated with oxidative stress established the theory of oxidative stress as a trigger of diseases that can be corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical studies still generate controversial results, due to complex pathophysiology of oxidative stress in humans. For future improvement of antioxidant therapy and better understanding of redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge on the sources and targets of RONS formation and discrimination of their detrimental or beneficial roles is required. In order to advance this important area of biology and medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining a variety of diverse and contrasting disciplines are needed.The EU-ROS consortium (COST Action BM1203) was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). The present overview represents the final Action dissemination summarizing the major achievements of COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) as well as research news and personal views of its members. Some authors were also supported by COST Actions BM1005 (ENOG) and BM1307 (PROTEOSTASIS), as well as funding from the European Commission FP7 and H2020 programmes, and several national funding agencies

Suitability Map for Banana

Vector files for the suitability map of banana. An output of SARAI Project Phase 1. University of the Philippines, Los Banos

Suitability Map for Coconut

Vector files for the suitability map of coconut. An output of SARAI Project Phase 1