Fauna de insectos hematófagos del sur del Parque Natural Nacional Chiribiquete, Caquetá, Colombia

As part of the management and conservation study at the Chiribiquete National Natural Park developed by the Puerto Rastrojo Foundation, an entomological study was done at the Puerto Abeja Biological Station (Mesay river, Solano municipality, Caqueta department). Jaccard similarity index, Shannon-Vileaver diversity index and attacks rates were calculated for diurnal diptera in each of the six forests evaluated. 31 species of Culicidae, 1 of Triatominae, 1 of Ceratopogonidae, 2 of Simuliidae. 10 of Phlebotomine and 6 of Tabanidae were reported. Three new Culicidae species were reported for Colombia: Sabethes glaucodaemon. Trichoprosopon espini and Uranotaenia pallidoventer and the Caqueta department hematophagous insect's distribution was enlarged. Diurna1 species activity and association between species and forests was obtained. Control measures were recommended aimed at preventing vectorial tropical diseases transmission and the epidemiological importante of potential vectors captured in the area was highlighted.Como parte del estudio para el manejo y la conservación del Parque Natural Nacional Chiribiquete, desarrollado por la Fundación Puerto Rastrojo, se realizó un inventario de la fauna entomológica hematófaga en la estación biológica de Puerto Abeja (rio Mesay, municipio de Solano, departamento de Caquetá). Se calcularon los índices de similitud de Jaccard y el indice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver y se determinaron los patrones de picadura de los dipteros diurnos para los seis tipos de bosques evaluados. Se registraron 31 especies de Culicidae, 1 de Triatominae, 1 de Ceratopogonidae, 2 de Simuliidae, 10 de Phlebotominae y 6 de Tabanidae. Se obtuvieron tres nuevos registros de especies de Culicidae para Colombia: Sabethes glaucodaemon, Trichoprosopon espini y Uranotaenia pallidoventer; y se amplió el registro de varios insectos hematófagos en el departamento de Caquetá. Se presentan los patrones de actividad de las especies diurnas y su relación con los tipos de bosque y se sugieren posibles medidas de control para evitar enfermedades transmitidas por diferentes vectores, resaltando la importancia epidemiológica de las especies capturadas que presentan capacidad vectorial

Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration over Croplands Using Vegetation Index Methods and Dynamic Harvested Area

Advances in estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) with remote sensing (RS) have contributed to improving hydrological, agricultural, and climatological studies. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of Vegetation-Index (VI) -based ETa (ET-VI) for mapping and monitoring drought in arid agricultural systems in a region where a lack of ground data hampers ETa work. To map ETa (2000–2019), ET-VIs were translated and localized using Landsat-derived 3- and 2-band Enhanced Vegetation Indices (EVI and EVI2) over croplands in the Zayandehrud River Basin (ZRB) in Iran. Since EVI and EVI2 were optimized for the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), using these VIs with Landsat sensors required a cross-sensor transformation to allow for their use in the ET-VI algorithm. The before- and after- impact of applying these empirical translation methods on the ETa estimations was examined. We also compared the effect of cropping patterns’ interannual change on the annual ETa rate using the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series. The performance of the different ET-VIs products was then evaluated. Our results show that ETa estimates agreed well with each other and are all suitable to monitor ETa in the ZRB. Compared to ETc values, ETa estimations from MODIS-based continuity corrected Landsat-EVI (EVI2) (EVIMccL and EVI2MccL) performed slightly better across croplands than those of Landsat-EVI (EVI2) without transformation. The analysis of harvested areas and ET-VIs anomalies revealed a decline in the extent of cultivated areas and a loss of corresponding water resources downstream. The findings show the importance of continuity correction across sensors when using empirical algorithms designed and optimized for specific sensors. Our comprehensive ETa estimation of agricultural water use at 30 m spatial resolution provides an inexpensive monitoring tool for cropping areas and their water consumption.</jats:p

Evaluation of Textural and Sensory Properties on Typical Spanish Small Cakes Designed Using Alternative Flours

[EN] The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat flour substitution with toasted corn, quinoa, and sorghum flours on the overall perception and texture of typical Spanish small cakes named madeleine. In order to evaluate these characteristics, a texture profile analysis (TPA) and a sensory analysis were carried out. TPA showed that the replacement of wheat flour by sorghum flour did not affect significantly texture parameters of cakes. Hedonic sensory tests were also conducted revealing that the cake prepared with sorghum flour was highly appreciated by the consumers as it got scores similar to traditional cakes made with wheat flour.Casas Moreno, MDM.; Barreto Palacios, VJ.; González Carrascosa, R.; Iborra Bernad, MDC.; Andrés Bello, MD.; Martínez Monzó, J.; García-Segovia, P. (2015). Evaluation of Textural and Sensory Properties on Typical Spanish Small Cakes Designed Using Alternative Flours. Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 13(1):19-28. doi:10.1080/15428052.2014.952475S1928131Baldwin, R. R., Baldry, R. P., & Johansen, R. G. (1972). Fat systems for bakery products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 49(8), 473-477. doi:10.1007/bf02582482Beleia, A., Miller, R. A., & Hoseney, R. C. (1996). Starch Gelatinization in Sugar Solutions. Starch - Starke, 48(7-8), 259-262. doi:10.1002/star.19960480705Brannan, G. L., Setser, C. S., Kemp, K. E., Seib, P. A., & Roozeboom, K. (2001). Sensory Characteristics of Grain Sorghum Hybrids with Potential for Use in Human Food. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 78(6), 693-700. doi:10.1094/cchem.2001.78.6.693Cauvain, S. P., & Young, L. S. (Eds.). (2006). Baked Products. doi:10.1002/9780470995907Chieh, C. (s. f.). Water. Bakery Products, 211-232. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch11Conforti, F. D. (s. f.). Cake Manufacture. Bakery Products, 393-410. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch22Ghotra, B. S., Dyal, S. D., & Narine, S. S. (2002). Lipid shortenings: a review. Food Research International, 35(10), 1015-1048. doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(02)00163-1Kiosseoglou, V., & Paraskevopoulou, A. (s. f.). Eggs. Bakery Products, 161-172. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch8Lai, H.-M., & Lin, T.-C. (s. f.). Bakery Products: Science and Technology. Bakery Products, 3-68. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch1Lau, M. ., Tang, J., & Paulson, A. . (2000). Texture profile and turbidity of gellan/gelatin mixed gels. Food Research International, 33(8), 665-671. doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(00)00111-3LINDLEY, M. G. (1987). Sucrose in baked products. Nutrition Bulletin, 12(1), 41-45. doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1987.tb00011.xMastromatteo, M., Chillo, S., Iannetti, M., Civica, V., & Del Nobile, M. A. (2011). Formulation optimisation of gluten-free functional spaghetti based on quinoa, maize and soy flours. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46(6), 1201-1208. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02613.xOreopoulou, V. (s. f.). Fat Replacers. Bakery Products, 193-210. doi:10.1002/9780470277553.ch10Peressini, D., Pin, M., & Sensidoni, A. (2011). Rheology and breadmaking performance of rice-buckwheat batters supplemented with hydrocolloids. Food Hydrocolloids, 25(3), 340-349. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.06.012Sanz, T., Salvador, A., Baixauli, R., & Fiszman, S. M. (2009). Evaluation of four types of resistant starch in muffins. II. Effects in texture, colour and consumer response. European Food Research and Technology, 229(2), 197-204. doi:10.1007/s00217-009-1040-1Taylor, J. R. N., Schober, T. J., & Bean, S. R. (2006). Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets. Journal of Cereal Science, 44(3), 252-271. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.009Wilderjans, E., Luyts, A., Brijs, K., & Delcour, J. A. (2013). Ingredient functionality in batter type cake making. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 30(1), 6-15. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2013.01.001Wilderjans, E., Pareyt, B., Goesaert, H., Brijs, K., & Delcour, J. A. (2008). The role of gluten in a pound cake system: A model approach based on gluten–starch blends. Food Chemistry, 110(4), 909-915. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.079Wilson, N. L. W. (2011). How the Cookie Crumbles: A Case Study of Gluten-Free Cookies and Random Utility. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 94(2), 576-582. doi:10.1093/ajae/aar081Zhu, J.-H., Yang, X.-Q., Ahmad, I., Li, L., Wang, X.-Y., & Liu, C. (2008). Rheological properties of κ-carrageenan and soybean glycinin mixed gels. Food Research International, 41(3), 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2007.11.00

Colombia's cyberinfrastructure for biodiversity: Building data infrastructure in emerging countries to foster socioeconomic growth

Science and innovation are not a luxury but a prerequisite for social and economic development (Annan, 2003)

Potassium Starvation in Yeast: Mechanisms of Homeostasis Revealed by Mathematical Modeling

The intrinsic ability of cells to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions is a fundamental process required for survival. Potassium is the most abundant cation in living cells and is required for essential cellular processes, including the regulation of cell volume, pH and protein synthesis. Yeast cells can grow from low micromolar to molar potassium concentrations and utilize sophisticated control mechanisms to keep the internal potassium concentration in a viable range. We developed a mathematical model for Saccharomyces cerevisiae to explore the complex interplay between biophysical forces and molecular regulation facilitating potassium homeostasis. By using a novel inference method (“the reverse tracking algorithm”) we predicted and then verified experimentally that the main regulators under conditions of potassium starvation are proton fluxes responding to changes of potassium concentrations. In contrast to the prevailing view, we show that regulation of the main potassium transport systems (Trk1,2 and Nha1) in the plasma membrane is not sufficient to achieve homeostasis

Genomic diversity of the human pathogen Paracoccidioides across the South American continent

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic mycosis widely reported in the Gran Chaco ecosystem. The disease is caused by different species from the genus Paracoccidioides, which are all endemic to South and Central America. Here, we sequenced and analyzed 31 isolates of Paracoccidioides across South America, with particular focus on isolates from Argentina and Paraguay. The de novo sequenced isolates were compared with publicly available genomes. Phylogenetics and population genomics revealed that PCM in Argentina and Paraguay is caused by three distinct Paracoccidioides genotypes, P. brasiliensis (S1a and S1b) and P. restrepiensis (PS3). P. brasiliensis S1a isolates from Argentina are frequently associated with chronic forms of the disease. Our results suggest the existence of extensive molecular polymorphism among Paracoccidioides species, and provide a framework to begin to dissect the connection between genotypic differences in the pathogen and the clinical outcomes of the disease.Fil: Teixeira, Marcus de Melo. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Cattana, Maria Emilia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Matute, Daniel R.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Muñoz, José F.. Broad Institute Of Mit And Harvard; Estados UnidosFil: Arechavala, Alicia. Hospital Francisco J Muñiz; ArgentinaFil: Isbell, Kristin. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Schipper, Rafael. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Santiso, Gabriela Maria. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Tracogna, Fernanda. Gobierno de la Provincia de Chaco. Hospital Julio Cecilio Perrando.; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Cech, Norma. Hospital 4 de Junio; ArgentinaFil: Alvarado, Primavera. Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit; VenezuelaFil: Barreto, Laura. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salome Ureña; República DominicanaFil: Chacón, Yone. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Hospital del Milagro; ArgentinaFil: Ortellado, Juana. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Lima, Cleoni Mendes de. Universidade Federal de Rondonia; BrasilFil: Chang, Marilene Rodrigues. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Niño Vega, Gustavo. Universidad de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Yasuda, Maria Aparecida Shikanai. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Felipe, Maria Sueli Soares. Universidade Catolica de Brasilia; BrasilFil: Negroni, Ricardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Cuomo, Christina A.. Broad Institute of MIT And Harvard; Estados UnidosFil: Barker, Bridget. Tgen Northern Arizona University; Estados UnidosFil: Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Characterization of Tajogaite volcanic plumes detected over the Iberian Peninsula from a set of satellite and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation

Three volcanic plumes were detected during the Tajogaite volcano eruptive activity (Canary Islands, Spain, September–December 2021) over the Iberian Peninsula. The spatiotemporal evolution of these events is characterised by combining passive satellite remote sensing and ground-based lidar and sun-photometer systems. The inversion algorithm GRASP is used with a suite of ground-based remote sensing instruments such as lidar/ ceilometer and sun-photometer from eight sites at different locations throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Satellite observations showed that the volcanic ash plumes remained nearby the Canary Islands covering a mean area of 120 ± 202 km2 during the whole period of eruptive activity and that sulphur dioxide plumes reached the Iberian Peninsula

Diagnóstico da cadeia de valor da tilapicultura no Brasil.

Introdução. Metodologia. Diagnóstico dos Polos de Tilapicultura dos Açudes Castanhão e Orós. Aspectos gerais. Aspectos geográficos e climáticos. Características naturais do Polo do Castanhão. Condições naturais do Polo de Orós. Fatos históricos relevantes para o desenvolvimento dos Polos. Caracterização da tilapicultura. Perfil dos produtores. Caracterização tecnológica. Forma de comercialização e agregação de valor da tilápia cearense. Mercado. Infraestrutura do Polo. Financiamento da atividade. Particularidades da produção de cada Polo. Governança e estrutura da cadeia de valor da tilápia. Estrutura da cadeia de suprimentos. Governança da cadeia de valor. Análise competitiva dos Polos do Ceará. Distribuição do valor agregado. Arcabouço legal e regulatório. Licenciamento e outorga de água no estado. Políticas públicas de âmbito local. Fatos históricos relevantes para o desenvolvimento do Polo. Caracterização da tilapicultura. Perfil dos produtores. Características produtivas. Caracterização tecnológica. Agregação de valor e estrutura de mercado. Infraestrutura do Polo. Mercado. Governança e estrutura da cadeia de valor da tilápia. Estrutura da cadeia de suprimentos. Governança da cadeia de valor. Análise competitiva do Polo da Ilha Solteira. Distribuição do valor agregado. Arcabouço legal e regulatório. Licenciamento ambiental e outorga da água. Políticas públicas de fomento e extensão. Principais gargalos. Perspectivas futuras. Diagnóstico do Polo de Tilapicultura do Paraná - Norte. Aspectos gerais. Aspectos geográficos e climáticos do Polo. Fatos históricos relevantes para o desenvolvimento do Polo. Caracterização da tilapicultura. Perfil dos produtores. Características produtivas. Caracterização tecnológica. Agregação de valor e estrutura de mercado. Infraestrutura do Polo. Mercado. Governança e estrutura da cadeia de valor da tilápia. Estrutura da cadeia de suprimentos. Governança da cadeia de valor. Análise competitiva do Polo do norte do Paraná. Distribuição do valor agregado. Arcabouço legal e regulatório. Regulação ambiental e cessão das águas públicas da união. Políticas públicas de fomento e extensão. Principais gargalos do Polo. Perspectivas futuras do Polo de tilapicultura do Norte do Paraná. Diagnóstico do Polo de Tilapicultura do Paraná - Oeste. Aspectos gerais. Aspectos geográficos e climáticos do Polo. Fatos históricos relevantes para o desenvolvimento do Polo. Caracterização da tilapicultura. Perfil dos produtores. Características produtivas. Caracterização tecnológica. Processamento e estrutura de mercado. Infraestrutura do Polo. Mercado. Governança e estrutura da cadeia de valor da tilápia. Estrutura da cadeia de suprimentos. Governança da cadeia de valor. Análise competitiva do Polo do Oeste do Paraná. Distribuição do valor agregado. Arcabouço legal e regulatório. Regulação ambiental. Políticas públicas de fomento e extensão. Principais gargalos. Perspectivas futuras do Polo de tilapicultura do Oeste do Paraná. Diagnóstico do Polo de Tilapicultura de Santa Catarina. Aspectos gerais. Aspectos geográficos e climáticos do Polo. Caracterização da tilapicultura no Polo de Santa Catarina. Perfil dos produtores. Características produtivas. Caracterização tecnológica. Agregação de valor e estrutura de mercado. Infraestrutura do Polo. Mercado. Governança e estrutura da cadeia de valor da tilápia. Estrutura da cadeia de suprimentos. Governança da cadeia de valor. Análise competitiva. Distribuição do valor agregado. Arcabouço legal e regulatório. Regulação ambiental. Políticas públicas de fomento e extensão. Principais gargalos. Perspectivas futuras. Considerações finais. Importância dos frigoríficos na tilapicultura brasileira. Novos ?players?. Polos em ascensão. Análise de competitividade dos Polos estudados. Referências.bitstream/item/177835/1/CNPASA-2018-lvtilapiculturabrasil.pd

The H alpha Galaxy Survey VII. The spatial distribution of star formation within disks and bulges

We analyse the current build-up of stellar mass within the disks and bulges of nearby galaxies through a comparison of the spatial distributions of forming and old stellar populations. H alpha and R-band imaging are used to determine the distributions of young and old stellar populations in 313 S0a - Im field galaxies out to 40 Mpc. Concentration indices and mean normalised light profiles are calculated as a function of galaxy type and bar classification. The mean profiles and concentration indices show a strong and smooth dependence on galaxy type. Apart from a central deficit due to bulge/bar light in some galaxy types, mean H alpha and R-band profiles are very similar. Mean profiles within a given type are remarkably constant even given wide ranges in galaxy luminosity and size. SBc, SBbc and particularly SBb galaxies have profiles that are markedly different from those of unbarred galaxies. H alpha emission from SBb galaxies is studied in detail; virtually all show resolved central components and concentrations of star formation at or just outside the bar-end radius. In these galaxies, star formation has the same radial distribution as R-band light, i.e. stellar mass is building at approximately constant morphology, with no strong evidence for outer truncation or inside-out disk formation. (Abridged.)Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysics. See also arXiv:0904.426

Transcript levels of Toll-Like receptors 5, 8 and 9 correlate with inflammatory activity in Ulcerative Colitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dysregulation of innate immune response by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) is a key feature in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Most studies have focused on <it>TLR2, TLR3</it>, and <it>TLR4 </it>participation in UC. However, few studies have explored other TLRs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA profiles of <it>TLR1 to 9 </it>in colonic mucosa of UC patients, according to disease activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Colonic biopsies were taken from colon during colonoscopy in 51 patients with Ulcerative Colitis and 36 healthy controls. mRNA levels of <it>TLR1 to 9, Tollip</it>, inflammatory cytokines <it>IL6 </it>and <it>TNF </it>were assessed by RT-qPCR with hydrolysis probes. Characterization of <it>TLR9 </it>protein expression was performed by Immunohistochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Toll-like receptors <it>TLR8, TLR9</it>, and <it>IL6 </it>mRNA levels were significantly higher in the colonic mucosa from UC patients (both quiescent and active) as compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.04). In the UC patients group the <it>TLR2, TLR4, TLR8 </it>and <it>TLR9 </it>mRNA levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with quiescent disease, as compared to those with active disease (p < 0.05), whereas <it>TLR5 </it>showed a trend (p = 0.06). <it>IL6 </it>and <it>TNF </it>mRNA levels were significantly higher in the presence of active disease and help to discriminate between quiescent and active disease (p < 0.05). Also, <it>IL6 </it>and <it>TNF </it>mRNA positively correlate with TLRs mRNA with the exception for <it>TLR3</it>, with stronger correlations for <it>TLR5, TLR8</it>, and <it>TLR9 </it>(p < 0.0001). <it>TLR9 </it>protein expression was mainly in the lamina propria infiltrate.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrates that <it>TLR2, TLR4, TLR8</it>, and <it>TLR9 </it>expression increases in active UC patients, and that the mRNA levels positively correlate with the severity of intestinal inflammation as well as with inflammatory cytokines.</p