Secuencia did?ctica para la ense?anza y aprendizaje de los n?meros racionales.

210 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLos problemas de la ense?anza y el aprendizaje de los n?meros racionales han sido indagados por diferentes investigadores, encontrando en los docentes problemas como falta de comprensi?n de los conceptos matem?ticos. La Instituci?n Educativa Francisco de Miranda, sede Laura Mar?a Zarate de Gil, zona urbana del municipio de Rovira, Tolima (Colombia), no es ajena a esta problem?tica. Esta preocupaci?n llev? a implementar una secuencia did?ctica dise?ada, teniendo en cuenta a Guy Brousseau y D?az Barriga; para la conceptualizaci?n matem?tica: concepto de n?mero y su utilizaci?n en diferentes contextos a Castro, Rico, & Castro y la fenomenolog?a de las estructuras matem?ticas de Hans Freudenthal y en cuanto a la resoluci?n de problemas a George P?lya. La secuencia did?ctica, fue estructurada en 8 sesiones o clases. Desde la primera sesi?n a la ?ltima, tiene en cuenta el uso de las tecnolog?as de informaci?n y la comunicaci?n, como el contexto social, cultural y econ?mico del municipio de Rovira, y desde all?, todas las actividades son desarrolladas para hacer del contexto, una mediaci?n para aprender las matem?ticas. Con una investigaci?n acci?n participativa y un an?lisis de la implementaci?n de la secuencia did?ctica a partir de an?lisis cualitativo y cuantitativo el cual muestra que los estudiantes comprendieron el concepto fracci?n y son capaces de aplicarlo en la resoluci?n de problemas. Se resalta que esta secuencia did?ctica ayuda a docentes a comprender conceptos matem?ticos como el de fracci?n y por lo tanto a ense?arlo y a evaluarlo, y que puede ser usada por los docentes de b?sica primaria y media. Y a los estudiantes les ayuda a desarrollar las competencias matem?ticas: competencias de comunicaci?n, representaci?n y modelaci?n, planteamiento de problemas y resoluci?n de problemas, razonamiento y argumentaci?n; y competencias tecnol?gicas y en uso de las tecnolog?as de la informaci?n y de la comunicaci?n. La L?nea de investigaci?n Educaci?n Matem?tica dirigida por la directora de este trabajo de grado, pensando siempre en las dificultades conceptuales, did?cticas y evaluativas de los docentes del departamento del Tolima, nos propuso dise?ar e implementar la Secuencia did?ctica que a continuaci?n se presenta como el aporte relevante de esta investigaci?n para la comunidad educativa de la regi?n y porque no decirlo para el pa?s. Palabras Claves: Secuencia did?ctica, ense?anza y aprendizaje, fracci?n, n?mero racional, resoluci?n de problemas.The problems of the teaching and learning of rational numbers have been investigated by different investigations, finding in the teachers problems such as the lack of understanding of mathematical concepts. The Francisco de Miranda Educational Institution, headquarters of Laura Mar?a Zarate de Gil, an urban area of the municipality of Rovira, Tolima (Colombia), is no stranger to this problem. This concern led me to implement a didactic sequence designed, taking into account Guy Brousseau and D?az Barriga; for the mathematical conceptualization: concept of number and its use in different contexts to Castro, Rico, & Castro and the phenomenology of the mathematical structures of Hans Freudenthal. Regarding the resolution of problems to George P?lya. The didactic sequence was structured in 8 sessions or classes. From the first session to the last, it takes into account the use of information and communication technologies, such as the social, cultural and economic context of the municipality of Rovira, and from there, all activities are developed to make the context, a mediation to learn mathematics. With a participatory action research and an analysis of the implementation of the didactic sequence from qualitative and quantitative analysis which shows that the students understood the concept fraction and are able to apply it in solving problems. It is emphasized that this didactic sequence helps teachers to understand mathematical concepts such as the fraction and therefore to teaches and evaluate it, and that it can be used by elementary and middle school teachers. And to the students it helps them to develop mathematical competences: communication, representation and modeling competencies, problem solving and problem solving, reasoning and argumentation; and technological competences and in use of information and communication technologies. The Line of Mathematical Education research directed by the director of this degree work, always thinking about the conceptual, didactic and evaluative difficulties of the teachers of the department of Tolima, proposed us to design and implement the didactic Sequence that is presented next as, the relevant contribution of this research the educational community of the region and why not say it for the country. Keywords: didactic sequence, teaching and learning, fraction, rational number

Evaluaci?n de la huella h?drica de los sistemas de producci?n agr?cola y pecuario predominantes en la microcuenca la plata, (Ibagu?, Tolima)

116 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa microcuenca La Plata tributa sus aguas a la cuenca del r?o Combeima, quien abastece agua para el acueducto de Ibagu? (Tolima). La microcuenca cuenta con un ?rea de 2.498 ha, el 86,66% de su cobertura es bosque natural, 7,5% cultivos, 5,75% pastos y 0,15% zonas improductivas. Las actividades productivas han provocado deforestaci?n, aumento en la erosi?n y han alterado la calidad y disponibilidad del agua. A pesar de estas condiciones, no se han definido indicadores de sostenibilidad para el manejo del recurso h?drico en la zona. Por tanto, este trabajo evalua la Huella H?drica (HH) de los sistemas de producci?n agr?cola predominantes en la microcuenca durante el a?o 2015, con el fin de establecer las relaciones causa-efecto a nivel socio-ambiental e indicadores para el manejo sostenible del recurso h?drico. Se calcularon las HH Azul (HA), Verde (HV) y Gris (HG) de los sistemas de producci?n. Los resultados indicaron que la HH de los sistemas de producci?n agr?cola es de 6.628,64 m3.t-1. El Caf? (Coffea arabica Linneo) es el que genera mayor HV. El sistema de producci?n que mayor HG produce es el de Mora (Rubus glaucus Benth). Adem?s, el an?lisis de sostenibilidad evidenci? que la microcuenca presenta un estado cr?tico o ?hotspot? ambiental por competencia de agua verde. Los resultados e indicadores permitieron crear estrategias de respuesta para mejorar la oferta, demanda y calidad del recurso h?drico, con el ?nimo de contribuir a su uso eficiente. Este trabajo recibi? apoyo econ?mico del proyecto ?EOCYT? de la Universidad del Tolima. Palabras claves: Huella H?drica Azul, Huella H?drica Verde, Huella H?drica Gris.The Plata micro-watershed tributes its waters to the Combeima river basin, which supplies water to the Ibagu? aqueduct (Tolima). The microbasin has an area of 2,498 ha, 86.66% of its coverage is natural forest, 7.5% crops, 5.75% pastures and 0.15% unproductive areas. Productive activities have caused deforestation, increased erosion and have altered the quality and availability of water. Despite these conditions, no sustainability indicators have been defined for the management of water resources in the area. Therefore, this work evaluates the Water Footprint (HH) of the predominant agricultural production systems in the microbasin during 2015, in order to establish cause-effect relationships at the socio-environmental level and indicators for the sustainable management of the resource. water HH Blue (HA), Green (HV) and Gray (HG) of the production systems were calculated. The results indicated that the HH of the agricultural production systems is 6,628.64 m3.t-1. Coffee (Coffea arabica Linneo) is the one that generates the highest HV. The production system that produces the most HG is Mora (Rubus glaucus Benth). In addition, the sustainability analysis showed that the microbasin presents a critical state or environmental "hotspot" due to green water competition. The results and indicators allowed to create response strategies to improve the supply, demand and quality of the water resource, with the aim of contributing to its efficient use. This work received financial support from the "EOCYT" project of the Universidad del Tolima.. Keywords: Blue Water Footprint, Green Water Footprint, Gray Water Footprin

Caracterizaci?n de la incidencia del bienestar estudiantil en el rendimiento acad?mico de los estudiantes de grado segundo de la instituci?n Educativa Nuestra Se?ora de F?tima

96 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEsta investigaci?n tiene como finalidad identificar la incidencia del bienestar estudiantil en el rendimiento acad?mico de los estudiantes de grado segundo de la instituci?n educativa nuestra se?ora de F?tima del municipio de Ibagu?. Posee elementos de car?cter te?rico, legal y conceptual importantes en el proceso de reconocer los significados de bienestar estudiantil y su incidencia en el sistema educativo los cuales demandan cambios sustantivos en el principal escenario de la formaci?n la Instituci?n Educativa, proporciona un marco global sistem?tico y con visi?n de futuro, hacia donde se encamina la gesti?n de las Instituciones Educativas, es una respuesta a la diversidad intercultural y geogr?fica del pa?s, genera un compromiso de la comunidad educativa con el mejoramiento de la calidad de educaci?n y constituye una herramienta para liderar cambios planificados en la educaci?n. La investigaci?n se encuentra organizada en cuatro cap?tulos: El problema y su fundamentaci?n, los antecedentes te?ricos, el dise?o metodol?gico y finalmente, los resultados y conclusiones. Se considera esta informaci?n relevante para los agentes educativos, dado que es un aporte a la comprensi?n del bienestar del estudiante y as? delinear procesos y acciones al desarrollo de la pr?ctica educativa. Palabras Claves: educaci?n, bienestar estudiantil, rendimiento acad?micoThe purpose of this research is to identify the incidence of student well-being in the academic performance of second-grade students of the educational institution of Our Lady of Fatima. It has important theoretical, legal and conceptual elements in the process of recognizing the meanings of student welfare and its impact on the education system which demand substantive changes in the main educational setting of the Educational Institution, providing a systematic and visionary global framework of future, towards where the management of Educational Institutions is directed, is a response to the intercultural and geographic diversity of the country, generates a commitment of the educational community with the improvement of the quality of education and constitutes a tool to lead planned changes in The education. The research is organized into four chapters: The problem and its foundation, the theoretical background, the methodological design and finally, the results and conclusions. This information is considered relevant for educational agents, given that it is a contribution to the understanding of the student's welfare and thus delineate processes and actions to the development of educational practice Key words: Education, student welfare, academic performance

Fortaleciendo los procesos de escritura de las letras d y b a partir de estrategias cognitivas para un aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes del grado primero de la instituci?n educativa Jorge Eli?cer Gait?n

91 p. Recurso Electr?nicoel presente documento es el resultado del trabajo de investigaci?n formativa desarrollado en la I.E Jorge Eliecer Gait?n de la ciudad de Ibagu? dentro del grado primero de primaria a trav?s de un proceso de investigaci?n formativa y empleado la metodolog?a cualitativa de corte etnogr?fico as? como la investigaci?n- acci?n; centrado en la importancia de la implementaci?n de estrategias cognitivas como medio para fortalecer los procesos de escritura de las letras d y b para un aprendizaje significativo en el estudiante. Dentro del proyecto se incluyen una serie de propuestas basadas en fundamentos te?ricos que aportan al desarrollo integral, pedag?gico y metodol?gico en el aula a trav?s de diversas actividades y abarcando espec?ficamente la multiplicidad de las t?cnicas propias de la psicomotricidad fina y gruesa, discriminaci?n visual, percepci?n, entre otras. Lo trazado pone en evidencia no solamente la realidad del contexto socio educativo donde se realiz? el proceso de investigaci?n sino tambi?n las distintas t?cnicas e instrumentos de recolecci?n de datos e informaci?n como la observaci?n, la entrevista, diarios de campo, revisiones documentales pertenecientes a la investigaci?n cualitativa, aplicados a docentes, padres y estudiantes, y los objetivos enfocados en cada uno de los actores objeto de estudio; que a su vez orientaron la acci?n formativa desarrollada con la comunidad educativa vinculada al proceso, y quienes a trav?s de un trabajo mancomunado participaron y aportaron para consolidarla. Con la puesta en marcha de esta investigaci?n, se espera contribuir al fortalecimiento de los procesos de escritura de las letras b y d en primero de primaria y facilitar la creaci?n de estrategias eficaces por parte del docente. Palabras claves: procesos de escritura, cognitivas, investigaci?n.This present documet is result of formative research work developed at the institution educative Jorge Eliecer Gait?n from Ibagu? city into the first primary grade through of a process formative research and using the qualitative methodology of ethnographic cut, like research - action; centered in the importance of the implemetation of cognitive strategies as a means to strengthen processes writing of the letters d and b for a significant learning in the student. In this project are included a serie of proposals based in teoric fundamentals that provide at integral development, pedagogical and methodological in classroom across of different activities and covering multiplicity of tecnics own of thin and thick psychomotor, visual discrimination , perception, among other techniques. the exposed not only evidence the reality of the the social and educational context where he was held the research process but also the different techniques and tools for data collection and information as the observation was made context, interviews, field notes, documentary belonging to research qualitative, applied to teachers, parents and students, and objectives focused on each of the actors under study which in turn they guided the formative action developed with the educational community linked to the process, and they participated and contributed to consolidate. With the startup of this research it is expected to contribute to strengthening the process of writing the letters b and d in first grade and facilitate the creation of effective strategies by the teacher. Keywords: writing processes, cognitive, research

Radial velocity confirmation of K2-100b: A young, highly irradiated, and low-density transiting hot Neptune

We present a detailed analysis of HARPS-N radial velocity observations of K2-100, a young and active star in the Praesepe cluster, which hosts a transiting planet with a period of 1.7 d. We model the activity-induced radial velocity variations of the host star with a multidimensional Gaussian Process framework and detect a planetary signal of 10.6 \ub1 3.0 m s−1, which matches the transit ephemeris, and translates to a planet mass of 21.8 \ub1 6.2 M. We perform a suite of validation tests to confirm that our detected signal is genuine. This is the first mass measurement for a transiting planet in a young open cluster. The relatively low density of the planet, 2.04+−006661 g cm−3, implies that K2-100b retains a significant volatile envelope. We estimate that the planet is losing its atmosphere at a rate of 1011–1012 g s−1 due to the high level of radiation it receives from its host star

A low-eccentricity migration pathway for a 13-h-period Earth analogue in a four-planet system

It is commonly accepted that exoplanets with orbital periods shorter than one day, also known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, formed further out within their natal protoplanetary disks before migrating to their current-day orbits via dynamical interactions. One of the most accepted theories suggests a violent scenario involving high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularization. Here we present the discovery of a four-planet system orbiting the bright (V = 10.5) K6 dwarf star TOI-500. The innermost planet is a transiting, Earth-sized USP planet with an orbital period of ~13 hours, a mass of 1.42 \ub1 0.18 M⊕, a radius of 1.166−0.058+0.061R⊕ and a mean density of 4.89−0.88+1.03gcm−3. Via Doppler spectroscopy, we discovered that the system hosts 3 outer planets on nearly circular orbits with periods of 6.6, 26.2 and 61.3 days and minimum masses of 5.03 \ub1 0.41 M⊕, 33.12 \ub1 0.88 M⊕ and 15.05−1.11+1.12M⊕, respectively. The presence of both a USP planet and a low-mass object on a 6.6-day orbit indicates that the architecture of this system can be explained via a scenario in which the planets started on low-eccentricity orbits then moved inwards through a quasi-static secular migration. Our numerical simulations show that this migration channel can bring TOI-500 b to its current location in 2 Gyr, starting from an initial orbit of 0.02 au. TOI-500 is the first four-planet system known to host a USP Earth analogue whose current architecture can be explained via a non-violent migration scenario

TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS

Context. TOI-1055 is a Sun-like star known to host a transiting Neptune-sized planet on a 17.5-day orbit (TOI-1055 b). Radial velocity (RV) analyses carried out by two independent groups using nearly the same set of HARPS spectra have provided measurements of planetary masses that differ by ∼2σ. Aims. Our aim in this work is to solve the inconsistency in the published planetary masses by significantly extending the set of HARPS RV measurements and employing a new analysis tool that is able to account and correct for stellar activity. Our further aim was to improve the precision on measurements of the planetary radius by observing two transits of the planet with the CHEOPS space telescope. Methods. We fit a skew normal function to each cross correlation function extracted from the HARPS spectra to obtain RV measurements and hyperparameters to be used for the detrending. We evaluated the correlation changes of the hyperparameters along the RV time series using the breakpoint technique. We performed a joint photometric and RV analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme to simultaneously detrend the light curves and the RV time series. Results. We firmly detected the Keplerian signal of TOI-1055 b, deriving a planetary mass of Mb = 20.4-2.5+2.6 MO (∼12%). This value is in agreement with one of the two estimates in the literature, but it is significantly more precise. Thanks to the TESS transit light curves combined with exquisite CHEOPS photometry, we also derived a planetary radius of Rb = 3.490-0.064+0.070 RO (∼1.9%). Our mass and radius measurements imply a mean density of ρb = 2.65-0.35+0.37 g cm-3 (∼14%). We further inferred the planetary structure and found that TOI-1055 b is very likely to host a substantial gas envelope with a mass of 0.41-0.20+0.34 MO and a thickness of 1.05-0.29+0.30 RO. Conclusions. Our RV extraction combined with the breakpoint technique has played a key role in the optimal removal of stellar activity from the HARPS time series, enabling us to solve the tension in the planetary mass values published so far for TOI-1055 b

K2-290: A warm Jupiter and a mini-Neptune in a triple-star system

We report the discovery of two transiting planets orbiting K2-290 (EPIC 249624646), a bright (V = 11.11) late F-type star residing in a triple-star system. It was observed during Campaign 15 of the K2 mission, and in order to confirm and characterize the system, follow-up spectroscopy and AO imaging were carried out using the FIES, HARPS, HARPS-N, and IRCS instruments. From AO imaging and Gaia data we identify two M-dwarf companions at a separation of 113 \ub1 2 and 2467+−177155 au. From radial velocities, K2 photometry, and stellar characterization of the host star, we find the inner planet to be a mini-Neptune with a radius of 3.06 \ub1 0.16 R and an orbital period of P = 9.2 d. The radius of the mini-Neptune suggests that the planet is located above the radius valley, and with an incident flux of F ∼ 400 F, it lies safely outside the super-Earth desert. The outer warm Jupiter has a mass of 0.774 \ub1 0.047 MJ and a radius of 1.006 \ub1 0.050 RJ, and orbits the host star every 48.4 d on an orbit with an eccentricity e < 0.241. Its mild eccentricity and mini-Neptune sibling suggest that the warm Jupiter originates from in situ formation or disc migration

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries