Influence of foliar application with Moringa oleifera residue fertilizer on growth, and yield quality of leafy vegetables

Biofertilizers produced from organic materials help to promote the growth, and yield quality of crops and is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers. Moringa oleifera is a leafy vegetable whose leaves are also used to make biofertilizers. The use of moringa non-edible parts in biofertilizer preparation remains under-explored. In this study, a procedure to produce moringa foliar biofertilizer (MFB) from non-edible parts was developed. The effect of composting time (3 to 4 months) on the quality of MFB was investigated, and four-month incubation was found suitable for biofertilizers yield with the highest nitrogen content and optimal pH. Furthermore, the influences of MFB doses (20 to 100 mL per Litre) on the growth of lettuce and mustard spinach were studied. The yield of these leafy vegetables was the highest at 100 mL per Litre of MFB spray. Finally, MFB was compared with other commercial foliar sprays, including chitosan fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer. Each foliar treatment was applied every five days until five days before harvest. Plant height, the number of leaves, canopy diameter, leaf area index, actual yield, ascorbic acid content, and Brix were found to be similar in lettuce sprayed with MFB, chitosan, and seaweed fertilizers. In conclusion, the application of MFB promoted the growth and yield of mustard spinach

Spatiotemporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants during large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19, Vietnam, 2021

We analyzed 1,303 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Vietnam, and found the Alpha and Delta variants were responsible for a large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19 in 2021. The Delta variant was confined to the AY.57 lineage and caused >1.7 million infections and >32,000 deaths. Viral transmission was strongly affected by nonpharmaceutical interventions

Graphic loans: East Asia and beyond

The national languages of East Asia (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese) have made extensive use of a type of linguistic borrowing sometimes referred to as a 'graphic loan'. Such loans have no place in the conventional classification of loans based on Haugen (1950) or Weinreich (1953), and research on loan word theory and phonology generally overlooks them. The classic East Asian phenomenon is discussed and a framework is proposed to describe its mechanism. It is argued that graphic loans are more than just 'spelling pronunciations', because they are a systematic and widespread process, independent of but not inferior to phonological borrowing. The framework is then expanded to cover a range of other cases of borrowing between languages to show that graphic loans are not a uniquely East Asian phenomenon, and therefore need to be considered as a major category of loan

Management of liver failure in general intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE: To produce French guidelines on Management of Liver failure in general Intensive Care Unit (ICU). DESIGN: A consensus committee of 23 experts from the French Society of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation, SFAR) and the French Association for the Study of the Liver (Association française pour l'étude du foie, AFEF) was convened. A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the start of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guideline process was conducted independently of any industrial funding. The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to guide their assessment of the quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasised. Some recommendations were ungraded. METHODS: Two fields were defined: acute liver failure (ALF) and cirrhotic patients in general ICU. The panel focused on three questions with respect to ALF: (1) Which etiological examinations should be performed to reduce morbidity and mortality? (2) Which specific treatments should be initiated rapidly to reduce morbidity and mortality? (3) Which symptomatic treatment should be initiated rapidly to reduce morbidity and mortality? Seven questions concerning cirrhotic patients were addressed: (1) Which criteria should be used to guide ICU admission of cirrhotic patients in order to improve their prognosis? (2) Which specific management of kidney injury should be implemented to reduce morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic ICU patients? (3) Which specific measures to manage sepsis in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic ICU patients? (4) In which circumstances, human serum albumin should be administered to reduce morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic ICU patients? (5) How should digestive haemorrhage be treated in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic ICU patients? (6) How should haemostasis be managed in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic ICU patients? And (7) When should advice be obtained from an expert centre in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic ICU patients? Population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) issues were reviewed and updated as required, and evidence profiles were generated. An analysis of the literature and recommendations was then performed in accordance with the GRADE® methodology. RESULTS: The SFAR/AFEF Guidelines panel produced 18 statements on liver failure in general ICU. After two rounds of debate and various amendments, a strong agreement was reached on 100% of the recommendations: six had a high level of evidence (Grade 1 ±), seven had a low level of evidence (Grade 2 ±) and six were expert judgments. Finally, no recommendation was provided with respect to one question. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial agreement exists among experts regarding numerous strong recommendations on the optimum care of patients with liver failure in general ICU

Privacy Preserving Frequency Mining in 2-Part Fully Distributed Setting

Recently, privacy preservation has become one of the key issues in data mining. In many data mining applications, computing frequencies of values or tuples of values in a data set is a fundamental operation repeatedly used. Within the context of privacy preserving data mining, several privacy preserving frequency mining solutions have been proposed. These solutions are crucial steps in many privacy preserving data mining tasks. Each solution was provided for a particular distributed data scenario. In this paper, we consider privacy preserving frequency mining in a so-called 2-part fully distributed setting. In this scenario, the dataset is distributed across a large number of users in which each record is owned by two different users, one user only knows the values for a subset of attributes, while the other knows the values for the remaining attributes. A miner aims to compute the frequencies of values or tuples of values while preserving each user's privacy. Some solutions based on randomization techniques can address this problem, but suffer from the tradeoff between privacy and accuracy. We develop a cryptographic protocol for privacy preserving frequency mining, which ensures each user's privacy without loss of accuracy. The experimental results show that our protocol is efficient as well

A Distributed Solution for Privacy Preserving Outlier Detection

In this paper, we study some parties - each has a private data set - want to conduct the outlier detection on their joint data set, but none of them want to disclose its private data to the other parties. We propose a linear transformation technique to design protocols of secure multivariate outlier detection in both horizontally and vertically distributed data models. While different from the most of previous techniques in a privacy preserving fashion for distance-based outliers detection, our focusis the technique in statistics for detecting outliers