Validation of a model for static and dynamic recrystallization in metals

In this paper, modifications are proposed to a phenomenological plasticity model to account for the evolution of recrystallization and the resultant softening behavior. The novel model includes internal state variables representing dislocation density and the spacing between geometrically necessary subgrain boundaries. In order to capture both single and multiple peak recrystallization, the model tracks the evolution of recrystallized volume fractions for multiple cycles of recrystallization, and has a set of state variables for each volume fraction. A rule of mixtures is used to determine the average stress. The model is capable of capturing static recrystallization as well as both single and multiple peak dynamic recrystallization. Material parameters are fit to data from monotonic compression tests on copper for a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. The model is then validated by using the same parameter set to predict multiple-stage response in which samples are compressed, held at temperature for various lengths of time, and then compressed further. The model predicts both the static recrystallization that occurs between loading stages as well as the dynamic recrystallization occurring during the second loading stage

Inkulturation des Evangeliums unter den Batswana in Transvaal/SudAfrika am Beispiel der Arbeit von Vatern und Sohnen der Hermansaburger Mission von 1857-1940

Text in German, summaries in English and GermanThis dissertation is a missiological research on reports of first and second generation missionaries from the Hermannsburg mission society in Germany. The missionaries worked for their lifetime among the Batswana. An important point in the first chapter is the attempt to clarify the theological foundation for the understandung of inculturation, from which my conception later arose. The second chapter deals with the founders of the Hermannsburg missionary society and describes the spiritual background of the missionaries. The following three chapters cover the work of the missionaries, in each case father and son at Dinokana, Bethanie and Phokeng chronologically from 1857 - 1940. Special attention is given to their socio-cultural expierences and traditional-religious knowledge. The last chapter evaluates the work of the missionaries and takes into account the present missiological debate on mission. Here again it becomes clear what I mean by Inculturation.Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine missionsgeschichtliche und -theologische Untersuchung uber die ersten beiden Generationen Hermannsburger Missionare unter den Batswana in Transvaal. Im ersten Kapitel stelle ich verschiedene Konzepte zum Verstandnis von lnkulturation vor, aus denen ich Anstosse fur meine eigene Konzeption gewonnen habe. Das zweite Kapitel beschreibt die spirituelle Herkunft der Missionare und ihre theologische Pragung. In den folgenden drei Kapiteln untersuche ich die Arbeit der Missionare, jeweils Vater und Sohn, auf ihren Stationen Dinokana, Bethanie und Phokeng von 1857 - 1940 in chronologischer Reihenfolge. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den sozio-kulturellen Erfahrungen und traditionell-religiosen Erkenntnissen dieser Missionare. Das letzte Kapitel enthalt eine Bewertung der Missionsarbeit und beleuchtet sie auf den Hintergrund der gegenwartigen missionstheologischen Diskussion. Besonder in diesem Kapitel wird noch einmal deutlich wie ich Inkulturation verstanden habe.Christian Spirituality, Church History and MissiologyD.Th. (Missiology

Kreativität und künstlerisches Gestalten als Durchbrechung der Totalen Institution . Anmerkungen zur Aktualität von Erving Goffmans Konzept der Totalen Institution unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzbarmachung kreativen Handelns für pädagogisches und therapeutisches Arbeiten im Strafvollzug.

The dissertation begins with an overview on Ervings Goffmans concept of total institutions and shows that first modern prisons are still total institutions. Second it is shown that there are several negative consequences for the prisoners resulting from the total institution. Creativity and art are understood as an aid of living and surviving within the incriminating atmosphere of a total instution. The concluding part of the dissertation introduces the work of an art-group in the juvenile prison of Bremen

Determinants of vitamin D status in young children : results from the Belgian arm of the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) study

Objective: To describe the vitamin D status of Belgian children and examine the influence of non-nutritional determinants, in particular of anthropometric variables. Design: Cross-sectional data of Belgian participants of the EU 6th Framework Programme IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) Study. Setting: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using RIA. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient (= 75 nmol/1). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Subjects: Children (n 357) aged 4-11 years. Results: Serum 25(OH)D) ranged from 13.6 to 123.5 nmol/1 (mean 47.2 (SD 14.6) nmol/1); with 5% deficient, 53% insufficient, 40% sufficient and 2% optimal. No significant differences were found by age and gender. Significant differences in 25(OH)D were observed for month of sampling (P < 0.001), number of hours playing outside per week (r = 0.140), weight (r = -0.121), triceps (r = -0.112) and subscapular (r = -0.119) skinfold thickness, sum of two skinfold thicknesses (r = -0.125) and waist circumference (r = -0.108). Linear regression analysis of 25(OH)D adjusted for age, month of sampling and hours playing outside per week suggested that (i) weight, (ii) BMI Z-score, (iii) waist circumference and (iv) triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (as well as the sum of both) independently influenced 25(OH)D. Conclusions: The majority of Belgian children had a suboptimal vitamin D status, with more than half having an insufficient status in winter and spring. Month of the year, weekly number of hours playing outside and body composition - both central and abdominal obesity - were identified as important determinants of vitamin D status in Belgian children

Avaliação do potencial produtivo da videira Niágara Rosada na Região de Pelotas.

O Objetivo do trabalho é avaliar a produção de videira ?Niágara Rosada? na região de Pelotas, com e sem a utilização da cobertura da parreiral com plástico transparente