Language History Contents in the Curriculum Concept of Teaching Croatian Language

The paper analyses the scope of educational content pertaining to the history of language in the curriculum of the subject Croatian Language. The context of this examination is the curricular reform in the Republic of Croatia, which is conceived as a turning point of Croatian education away from the traditional didactic concept toward the curriculum concept. The issue of curriculum contents' scope as part of the curriculum teaching concept is concretised by comparing the representation of contents pertaining to the history of Croatian language in the proposal of the National Curriculum Framework with the current Plan and Programme for Primary and Secondary Schools. The comparison demonstrates that in the proposal of the National Curriculum Framework educational content in the area of the history of Croatian language has been considerably reduced in relation to the current plan and programme. The same document, National Curriculum Framework, cites identity building as one of the values of education, emphasizing the construction of a national identity and, in particular, the need to preserve and develop the Croatian language. The question arises of how to attain the stated value of education in the absence of transferring the contents of Croatian linguistic history to pupils. Undoubtedly, students need both – knowledge of language content and communicative competence in the mother tongue. It is therefore necessary to harmonise the relationship between educational content and the acquisition of communication skills in teaching practice and in school documents

Derivation of SPH equations in a moving referential coordinate system

The conventional SPH method uses kernel interpolation to derive the spatial semi-discretisation of the governing equations. These equations, derived using a straight application of the kernel interpolation method, are not used in practice. Instead the equations, commonly used in SPH codes, are heuristically modified to enforce symmetry and local conservation properties. This paper revisits the process of deriving these semi-discrete SPH equations. It is shown that by using the assumption of a moving referential coordinate system and moving control volume, instead of the fixed referential coordinate system and fixed control volume used in the conventional SPH method, a set of new semi- discrete equations can be rigorously derived. The new forms of semi-discrete equations are similar to the SPH equations used in practice. It is shown through numerical examples that the new rigorously derived equations give similar results to those obtained using the conventional SPH equations

"No time for that!" : a study of teaching reading and reading strategies to English language learners in lower secondary school in Norway

The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the extent to which Norwegian teachers of English use reading strategies in lower secondary school. It follows up my findings in an earlier pilot study of the reading habits and skills of Norwegian pupils studying English (Vignjevic 2010). This time, I wanted to look into the subject of reading from the teacher‟s point of view. Based on previous research and the reports after PISA surveys, I started with the assumption that reading instruction at lower secondary level is largely neglected. The method applied is a qualitative and quantitative survey among 30 teachers of English, carried out at 11 lower secondary schools in different parts of Norway. I made a web-based questionnaire with items about the professional backgrounds of the teachers, their instruction of reading strategies, and to a certain degree their attitudes towards reading as one of the skills they are supposed to develop in their students. The data were summarized by the programme and analyzed and interpreted by me. The survey confirmed a second assumption of mine: that most teachers depend mainly on the English textbooks they use with their pupils in the classroom for their choice of reading materials. Consequently, I went on to carry out an analysis of these textbooks, focusing on the texts selected, reading methods and strategies applied and the types of reading exercises included. The findings show that although the teachers consider reading an important skill, the pupils do not get enough practice using different reading strategies to improve their ability to learn from their reading. It also became clear that pupils need to learn to use a more varied repertoire of reading strategies in order to meet the requirements of the English LK06 syllabus. My findings in the textbook analysis show that most of the textbooks hinder teachers from working with reading strategies and from choosing extensive reading as a method for improving pupils‟ reading skills. The connections between these two investigations are shown in the rest of the thesis. Though the findings cannot be generalized to all pupils and teachers at lower secondary level in Norway, I argue that they provide a useful picture of the current situation with regard to the use of reading strategies in English classes at this level

Non-linear idealisation error analysis of an aerospace stiffened panel loaded in compression

The SAFE Structural Analysis procedure is an idealisation error control methodology devised for linear static finite element analysis. This study examines the applicability of this process to non-linear problems. The studied case is the collapse analysis of an aircraft stiffened panel loaded in compression. This article presents the critical investigation of important modelling assumptions, including the joint modelling, boundary conditions, geometrical imperfections and scattering in material parameters. Potential error sources are identified and then analysed using the non-linear finite element solver ABAQUS. The analysis derived an improved finite element model and concrete idealisation error estimates. The finally simulated failure behaviour corresponds well to the data measured in the test

Advisory system development for reliable FEM modelling in aerospace

This paper aims to describe the development of an advisory system that helps building sound finite element (FE) models from computer-aided design data, with actual uncertainty levels expressed by error values in per cent, as today there is no widely accepted tool for FE idealisation error control

The nonlocal, local and mixed forms of the SPH method

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)From its early days the SPH method has been criticised for its shortcomings namely tensile instability and consistency. Without thorough understanding of the method attempts were made to make the classical SPH method consistent and stable which resulted in the local and Total Lagrangian forms of SPH similar to the finite element method. In this paper we derived and analysed a consistent nonlocal SPH which has similarity with Bazant's imbricate continuum. In addition, the paper provides comparison and discussion of different SPH forms including: Classical SPH, Nonlocal, Local and Mixed SPH. The partition of unity approach was used to define the following two mixed forms: Local–Nonlocal and Local–Classical SPH. These mixed forms were intended for modelling of physical processes characterised with local and nonlocal effects (local and nonlocal constitutive equations), e.g. progressive damage and failure. The stabilising effect of the Local form on the Classical SPH, which is inherently unstable (tensile instability), are also illustrated. The stability analysis, presented in appendices A and B, demonstrate stability of the continuous and discrete form of the nonlocal SPH based on Eulerian kernels for elastic continuum.Peer reviewe

ARCHITECTURE AS LANDSCAPE: KENGO KUMA, JEAN NOUVEL, AND THE AMBIVALENCE OF MATERIAL EXPERIENCE

This paper examines the contemporary conceptual, perceptive and aesthetic potential of architecture to transform into landscape by means of materialization. Contrary to the former, modernistic principles of transparency, which eliminated the wall between the internal and external space on a literal, visual level, contemporary social and visual context create the prerequisites for establishing a new, ambivalent treatment of (de)materialization of the border between architecture and the landscape. Such transformation was interpreted in the paper as a consequence of the general change related to determination of architectural form, as well as change in the sphere of theory of perception. The ambivalent relation on the line subject-architecture-landscape relies in the paper on the phenomenology of perception of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Juhani Pallasmaa, whereas the architectural actualization of the given concept was analysed on the example of two different author’s views - Kengo Kuma and Jean Nouvel. The emphasis on architectural experience, rather than on the architectural image, places the material in the domain of the main framework of this concept, whether based on its tactile (Kuma) or imaginary value (Nouvel). Finally, in order to make  architectural materiality a part  of the natural environment, both design methods paradoxically shift the materials from their natural context (truth to materials), whereby, consequently, except for materiality, the perceptive experience of the place itself is relativized.

Strain Rate Dependant Material Model for Orthotropic Metals

In manufacturing processes anisotropic metals are often exposed to the loading with high strain rates in the range from 21 10 s to 61 10 s (e.g. stamping, cold spraying and explosive forming). These types of loading often involve generation and propagation of shock waves within the material. The material behaviour under such a complex loading needs to be accurately modelled, in order to optimise the manufacturing process and achieve appropriate properties of the manufactured component. The presented research is related to development and validation of a thermodynamically consistent physically based constitutive model for metals under high rate loading. The model is capable of modelling damage, failure and formation and propagation of shock waves in anisotropic metals. The model has two main parts: the strength part which defines the material response to shear deformation and an equation of state (EOS) which defines the material response to isotropic volumetric deformation [1]. The constitutive model was implemented into the transient nonlinear finite element code DYNA3D [2] and our in house SPH code. Limited model validation was performed by simulating a number of high velocity material characterisation and validation impact tests. The new damage model was developed in the framework of configurational continuum mechanics and irreversible thermodynamics with internal state variables. The use of the multiplicative decomposition of deformation gradient makes the model applicable to arbitrary plastic and damage deformations. To account for the physical mechanisms of failure, the concept of thermally activated damage initially proposed by Tuller and Bucher [3], Klepaczko [4] was adopted as the basis for the new damage evolution model. This makes the proposed damage/failure model compatible with the Mechanical Threshold Strength (MTS) model Follansbee and Kocks [5], 1988; Chen and Gray [6] which was used to control evolution of flow stress during plastic deformation. In addition the constitutive model is coupled with a vector shock equation of state which allows for modelling of shock wave propagation in orthotropic the material. Parameters for the new constitutive model are typically derived on the basis of the tensile tests (performed over a range of temperatures and strain rates), plate impact tests and Taylor anvil tests. The model was applied to simulate explosively driven fragmentation, blast loading and cold spraying impacts

On the dynamic tensile strength of Zirconium

Despite its fundamental nature, the process of dynamic tensile failure (spall) is poorly understood. Spall initiation via cracks, voids, etc, before subsequent coalesce, is known to be highly microstructure-dependant. In particular, the availability of slip planes and other methods of plastic deformation controls the onset (or lack thereof) of spall. While studies have been undertaken into the spall response of BCC and FCC materials, less attention has paid to the spall response of highly anisotropic HCP materials. Here the dynamic behaviour of zirconium is investigated via plate-impact experiments, with the aim of building on an ongoing in-house body of work investigating these highly complex materials. In particular, in this paper the effect of impact stress on spall in a commercially sourced Zr rod is considered, with apparent strain-rate softening highlighted