Impasse or Tension - Pedagogy and the Canon Controversy

Englis

Fiction Fix 08

https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/fiction_fix/1005/thumbnail.jp

Audiovisual Segregation in Cochlear Implant Users

It has traditionally been assumed that cochlear implant users de facto perform atypically in audiovisual tasks. However, a recent study that combined an auditory task with visual distractors suggests that only those cochlear implant users that are not proficient at recognizing speech sounds might show abnormal audiovisual interactions. The present study aims at reinforcing this notion by investigating the audiovisual segregation abilities of cochlear implant users in a visual task with auditory distractors. Speechreading was assessed in two groups of cochlear implant users (proficient and non-proficient at sound recognition), as well as in normal controls. A visual speech recognition task (i.e. speechreading) was administered either in silence or in combination with three types of auditory distractors: i) noise ii) reverse speech sound and iii) non-altered speech sound. Cochlear implant users proficient at speech recognition performed like normal controls in all conditions, whereas non-proficient users showed significantly different audiovisual segregation patterns in both speech conditions. These results confirm that normal-like audiovisual segregation is possible in highly skilled cochlear implant users and, consequently, that proficient and non-proficient CI users cannot be lumped into a single group. This important feature must be taken into account in further studies of audiovisual interactions in cochlear implant users

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Evolution of the Molecular Gas in CO-selected Galaxies

We analyze the interstellar medium properties of a sample of 16 bright CO line emitting galaxies identified in the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS) Large Program. This CO−selected galaxy sample is complemented by two additional CO line emitters in the UDF that are identified based on their MultiUnit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) optical spectroscopic redshifts. The ASPECS CO−selected galaxies cover a larger range of star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses compared to literature CO emitting galaxies at z > 1 for which scaling relations have been established previously. Most of ASPECS CO-selected galaxies follow these established relations in terms of gas depletion timescales and gas fractions as a function of redshift, as well as the SFR–stellar mass relation (“galaxy main sequence”). However, we find that ∼30% of the galaxies (5 out of 16) are offset from the galaxy main sequence at their respective redshift, with ∼12% (2 out of 16) falling below this relationship. Some CO-rich galaxies exhibit low SFRs, and yet show substantial molecular gas reservoirs, yielding long gas depletion timescales. Capitalizing on the well-defined cosmic volume probed by our observations, we measure the contribution of galaxies above, below, and on the galaxy main sequence to the total cosmic molecular gas density at different lookback times. We conclude that main-sequence galaxies are the largest contributors to the molecular gas density at any redshift probed by our observations (z ∼ 1−3). The respective contribution by starburst galaxies above the main sequence decreases from z ∼ 2.5 to z ∼ 1, whereas we find tentative evidence for an increased contribution to the cosmic molecular gas density from the passive galaxies below the main sequenc

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Nature and Physical Properties of Gas-mass Selected Galaxies Using MUSE Spectroscopy

We discuss the nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies in the ALMA spectroscopic survey (ASPECS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). We capitalize on the deep optical integral-field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) HUDF Survey and multiwavelength data to uniquely associate all 16 line emitters, detected in the ALMA data without preselection, with rotational transitions of carbon monoxide (CO). We identify 10 as CO(2–1) at 1 < z < 2, 5 as CO(3–2) at 2 < z < 3, and 1 as CO(4–3) at z = 3.6. Using the MUSE data as a prior, we identify two additional CO(2–1) emitters, increasing the total sample size to 18. We infer metallicities consistent with (super-)solar for the CO-detected galaxies at z „ 1.5, motivating our choice of a Galactic conversion factor between CO luminosity and molecular gas mass for these galaxies. Using deep Chandra imaging of the HUDF, we determine an X-ray AGN fraction of 20% and 60% among the CO emitters at z ∼ 1.4 and z ∼ 2.6, respectively. Being a CO-flux-limited survey, ASPECS-LP detects molecular gas in galaxies on, above, and below the main sequence (MS) at z ∼ 1.4. For stellar masses …1010 (1010.5) M, we detect about 40% (50%) of all galaxies in the HUDF at 1 < z < 2 (2 < z < 3). The combination of ALMA and MUSE integral-field spectroscopy thus enables an unprecedented view of MS galaxies during the peak of galaxy formation

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: CO Luminosity Functions and the Molecular Gas Content of Galaxies through Cosmic History

We use the results from the ALMA large program ASPECS, the spectroscopic survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), to constrain CO luminosity functions of galaxies and the resulting redshift evolution of ρ(H2). The broad frequency range covered enables us to identify CO emission lines of different rotational transitions in the HUDF at z > 1. We find strong evidence that the CO luminosity function evolves with redshift, with the knee of the CO luminosity function decreasing in luminosity by an order of magnitude from ~2 to the local universe. Based on Schechter fits, we estimate that our observations recover the majority (up to ~90%, depending on the assumptions on the faint end) of the total cosmic CO luminosity at z = 1.0–3.1. After correcting for CO excitation, and adopting a Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor, we constrain the evolution of the cosmic molecular gas density ρ(H2): this cosmic gas density peaks at z ~ 1.5 and drops by a factor of ${6.5}_{-1.4}^{+1.8}$ to the value measured locally. The observed evolution in ρ(H2), therefore, closely matches the evolution of the cosmic star formation rate density ρ SFR. We verify the robustness of our result with respect to assumptions on source inclusion and/or CO excitation. As the cosmic star formation history can be expressed as the product of the star formation efficiency and the cosmic density of molecular gas, the similar evolution of ρ(H2) and ρ SFR leaves only little room for a significant evolution of the average star formation efficiency in galaxies since z ~ 3 (85% of cosmic history)

Unveiling the Sigma-Discrepancy in IR-Luminous Mergers I: Dust & Dynamics

Mergers in the local universe present a unique opportunity for studying the transformations of galaxies in detail. Presented here are recent results, based on multi-wavelength, high-resolution imaging and medium resolution spectroscopy, which demonstrate how star-formation and the presence of Red Supergiants and/or Asymptotic Giant Branch stars has lead to a serious underestimation of the dynamical masses of infrared-bright galaxies. The dominance of a nuclear disk of young stars in the near-infrared bands, where dust obscuration does not block their signatures, can severely bias the global properties measured in a galaxy, including mass. This explains why past studies of gas-rich Luminous & Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies, which have measured dynamical masses using the 1.62 or 2.29 micron CO band-heads, have found that these galaxies are forming m < m* ellipticals. On the other hand, precisely because of dust obscuration, I-band photometry and central velocity dispersions obtained with the Calcium II triplet at 0.85 microns reflect the global properties of the mergers and suggest that all types of merger remnants, including infrared-bright ones, will form m > m* ellipticals. Moreover, merger remnants, including LIRGs, are placed on the I-band Fundamental Plane for the first time and appear to be virtually indistinguishable from elliptical galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, to appear Feb 20, 2010 v710. 82 pages, 19 Figures, 2 Appendices Minor update to reference

Situational awareness, relational coordination and integrated care delivery to hospitalized elderly in the Netherlands: A comparison between hospitals

__Abstract__ Background: It is known that interprofessional collaboration is crucial for integrated care delivery, yet we are still unclear about the underlying mechanisms explaining effectiveness of integrated care delivery to older patients. In addition, we lack research comparing integrated care delivery between hospitals. Therefore, this study aims to (i) provide insight into the underlying components 'relational coordination' and 'situational awareness' of integrated care delivery and the role of team and organizational context in integrated care delivery; and (ii) compare situational awareness, relational coordination, and integrated care delivery of different hospitals in the Netherlands. Methods. This cross-sectional study took place in 2012 among professionals from three different hospitals involved in the delivery of care to older patients. A total of 215 professionals filled in the questionnaire (42% response rate).Descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests were used to investigate the level of situational awareness, relational coordination, and integrated care delivery in the three different hospitals. Correlation and multilevel analyses were used to investigate the relationship between background characteristics, team context, organizational context, situational awareness, relational coordination and integrated care delivery. Results: No differences in background characteristics, team context, organizational context, situational awareness, relational coordination and integrated care delivery were found among the three hospitals. Correlational analysis revealed that situational awareness (r = 0.30; p < 0.01), relational coordination (r = 0.17; p < 0.05), team climate (r = 0.29; p < 0.01), formal internal communication (r = 0.46; p < 0.01), and informal internal communication (r = 0.36; p < 0.01) were positively associated with integrated care delivery. Stepwise multilevel analyses showed that formal internal communication (p < 0.001) and situational awareness (p < 0.01) were associated with integrated care delivery. Team climate was not significantly associated with integrated care delivery when situational awareness and relational coordination were included in the equation. Thus situational awareness acted as mediator between team climate and integrated care delivery among professionals delivering care to older hospitalized patients. Conclusions: The results of this study show the importance of formal internal communication and situational awareness for quality of care delivery to hospitalized older patients

Consumption of a soy drink has no effect on cognitive function but may alleviate vasomotor symptoms in post-menopausal women; a randomised trial

Purpose: Cognitive decline is commonly reported during the menopausal transition, with memory and attention being particularly affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a commercially available soy drink on cognitive function and menopausal symptoms in post-menopausal women. Methods: 101 post-menopausal women, aged 44–63 years, were randomly assigned to consume a volume of soy drink providing a low (10 mg/day; control group), medium (35 mg/day), or high (60 mg/day) dose of isoflavones for 12 weeks. Cognitive function (spatial working memory, spatial span, pattern recognition memory, 5-choice reaction time, and match to sample visual search) was assessed using CANTAB pre- and post-the 12 week intervention. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using Greene’s Climacteric Scale. Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups for any of the cognitive function outcomes measured. Soy drink consumption had no effect on menopausal symptoms overall; however, when women were stratified according to the severity of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) at baseline, women with more severe symptoms at baseline in the medium group had a significant reduction (P = 0.001) in VMS post-intervention (mean change from baseline score: − 2.15 ± 1.73) in comparison to those with less severe VMS (mean change from baseline score: 0.06 ± 1.21). Conclusions: Soy drink consumption had no effect on cognitive function in post-menopausal women. Consumption of ~ 350 ml/day (35 mg IFs) for 12 weeks significantly reduced VMS in those with more severe symptoms at baseline. This finding is clinically relevant as soy drinks may provide an alternative, natural, treatment for alleviating VMS, highly prevalent among western women