362 research outputs found
Montaigne et quelques Italiens: la conversation dans la bibliothĂšque
La bibliothĂšque, telle que nous la connaissons, est un lieu de silence, dâoĂč la conversation est bannie; câest un lieu vouĂ© au travail, Ă la lecture silencieuse, et parfois au sommeil. Ce nâest que dans son acception Ă©largie, dans les accĂšs qui conduisent aux salles de lecture, quâelle permet rencontres et conversations, dans le voisinage immĂ©diat des livres sinon au milieu dâeux. Au cours du xvie siĂšcle, la bibliothĂšque Ă©tait un des lieux privilĂ©giĂ©s des Ă©changes savants et mondains, Ă trave..
Renaissance et modernité
Le terme de Renaissance recouvre aujourdâhui un mythe, celui dâun prĂ©tendu moment de perfection de la civilisation europĂ©enne, entre la barbarie attribuĂ©e au Moyen-Ăąge et au reste du monde, et le dĂ©clin, attribuĂ© au XVIIe siĂšcle de la Contre-rĂ©forme et du baroque. En rĂ©alitĂ©, il sâagit dâune construction idĂ©ologique Ă©laborĂ©e par le discours savant au XIXe siĂšcle, Ă partir dâun terme inventĂ© par Vasari. Dans la perspective tĂ©lĂ©ologique dâun progrĂšs de lâhumanitĂ©, la Renaissance a Ă©tĂ© conçue comme une Ă©tape dĂ©cisive dans lâĂ©volution qui conduisait Ă ce progrĂšs. Elle Ă©tait ainsi dĂ©finie comme la prĂ©figuration de la ModernitĂ©, c'est-Ă dire la modernitĂ© de ceux qui lâĂ©tudiaient. Or, stricto sensu, la Renaissance Ă©tait un mouvement intellectuel, artistique et spirituel, dont la modernitĂ© Ă©tait celle de son temps, une modernitĂ© paradoxale, fondĂ©e sur un retour au passĂ©, sur une « re-naissance », celle de la beautĂ© des Anciens et de la parole du Christ. Sa modernitĂ© nâa aucun rapport Ă la nĂŽtre. Nous lâĂ©tudions, en historiens attentifs aux ruptures et aux diffĂ©rences.
The term âRenaissanceâ designates today the myth of the so-called moment of perfection of the European civilization between the barbarity attributed to the Middle Ages and the rest of the world, and the decline, attributed to Counter-reformist and baroque age of the seventeenth century. This is actually an ideological reconstruction elaborated by scholars of the XIX century on the basis of a concept invented by Vasari. In the teleological, deterministical perspective of the progress of humankind, Renaissance was conceived as a foundational stage in this progress that prefigurated Modernity, that modernity of those who studied it. In fact, in reality, Renaissance, as defined stricto sensu, was an intellectual, artistic and spiritual movement with a modernity that reflected its own time, a paradoxical modernity based on the return to the past; a ârebirthâ of beauty of the ancient people and of the word of Jesus Christ. That modernity does not hold any resemblance with our own. We study Renaissance today as historians who are interested in fractures and differences
Les poÚtes français et les anthologies lyriques italiennes
LâĂ©dition moderne de la premiĂšre grande anthologie nĂ©o-pĂ©trarquiste, les fameuses Rime diverse di molti eccellentissimi autori, due aux soins attentifs de Franco Tomasi et Paolo Zaja, ne saurait assez ĂȘtre louĂ©e pour la qualitĂ© de sa prĂ©sentation, et parce quâelle donne enfin Ă lire un recueil, rare, souvent allĂ©guĂ© et finalement mal connu.Ce sera lâoccasion de proposer quelques remarques sur la diffusion de ce recueil, et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement des anthologies poĂ©tiques italiennes au XVIe siĂšcle ..
« Qual lâalto Ăgeo... » : Montaigne et lâessai des poĂštes italiens
La poĂ©sie est lâexpression privilĂ©giĂ©e de lâĂ©motion pour Montaigne.Il cite tout au long des Essais dâinnombrables vers, par lesquels il exprime tout ce que sa prose ne peut dire. Ces citations contribuent Ă un effet dâhĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© stylistique et linguistique, qui dĂ©finit lâoriginalitĂ© mĂȘme du livre, dans le cadre dâune « rhĂ©torique des citations » et dâune esthĂ©tique de la surprise et de la varietas. Ces vers sont en latin pour la plupart dâentre eux, constituant une vĂ©ritable anthologie, dâ..
Philologie, histoire du livre, ecdotique : le texte des Essais et son édition critique
La philologie nâest pas une approche critique et un usage des Essais parmi dâautres ; elle est, avec lâecdotique, Ă la base de toutes les approches critiques et de toutes les interprĂ©tations que lâon peut en proposer. La premiĂšre Ă©tablit le meilleur texte : non pas la reconstruction dâun texte idĂ©al, mais lâĂ©dition dâun texte rĂ©el, porteur dâautoritĂ©Â ; la seconde le donne Ă lire en une forme moderne et Ă le comprendre dans toute sa complexitĂ© Ă lâaide dâun appareil critique. Lâhistoire de lâĂ©dition savante des Essais a Ă©tĂ© confondue avec celle du dĂ©bat entre les tenants respectifs de lâĂ©dition posthume (1595) et de lâexemplaire de Bordeaux. La vĂ©ritable question philologique porte en rĂ©alitĂ© sur la nature des deux textes ; la question ecdotique, sur la maniĂšre de les Ă©diter de façon rigoureuse.Philology cannot be considered as a simple critical approach among others, neither as a mode of using Montaigneâs Essais. It represents the foundation that makes possible every approach or interpretation of Montaigne. A text established with philological accuracy from the best documented editorial tradition and a fresh collation of the extant manuscript additions and editionsâgiven in a critical edition respecting ecdotical standardsâallows us to better understand the cultural complexity of the Essais
Les relations école-famille : de la confrontation à la coéducation
Les relations entre parents et enseignants peuvent dĂ©boucher sur des conflits et sur des attitudes de dĂ©fiance rĂ©ciproque entre les protagonistes. Câest pourquoi la pratique de coĂ©ducation impliquant lâĂ©cole et la famille est relativement difficile Ă mettre en place. Le prĂ©sent article vise Ă faire connaĂźtre les rĂ©sultats dâun travail de recherche-action menĂ© rĂ©cemment dans trois Ă©coles primaires de la ville de Charleroi, considĂ©rĂ©es comme des milieux Ă©conomiquement faibles. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es de cette recherche a permis dâidentifier les catĂ©gories majeures des difficultĂ©s qui parasitent le partenariat Ă©cole-famille. Elle a permis aussi de mettre en Ă©vidence les Ă©lĂ©ments du rĂ©fĂ©rentiel commun Ă partir duquel les enseignants et les parents parviennent Ă sâentendre pour une dĂ©finition opĂ©rationnelle de la notion dâĂ©ducation.Relationships between parents and teachers can lead to conflicts and to attitudes of reciprocal defiance. In this situation, practices in co-education involving the school and the family are difficult to implement. This article presents the results of an action-research developed in three primary schools in Charleroi, a city considered as economically disadvantaged. Analysis of the data led to the identification of three main categories of difficulties within the school-family partnership. As well, the authors point out those elements of a common reference that teachers and parents use to agree upon in developing an operational definition of the concept of education.Las relaciones entre padres y maestros pueden desembocar en conflictos y en actitudes de desconfianza recĂproca entre los protagonistas. Es por eso que la prĂĄctica de coeducaciĂłn involucrando la escuela y la familia resulta relativamente difĂcil de aplicar. El presente artĂculo tiene por objetivo dar a conocer los resultados de un trabajo de investigaciĂłn-acciĂłn que se llevĂł a cabo Ășltimamente en tres escuelas primarias de la ciudad de Charleroi, consideradas como medios econĂłmicamente bajos. El anĂĄlisis de los datos de esta investigaciĂłn permitiĂł identificar las principales categorĂas de las dificultades que parasitan la colaboraciĂłn escuela-familia. Asimismo el anĂĄlisis puso de manifiesto los elementos del referencial comĂșn a partir del cual los maestros y los padres logran ponerse de acuerdo sobre una definiciĂłn operacional de la nociĂłn de educaciĂłn
Un type de discours et sa production/diffusion
Autour du problĂšme de la diffusion de la monographie et de lâinteraction avec la recherche et lâĂ©criture, le deuxiĂšme dĂ©bat a rĂ©uni producteurs (directeurs de collection, Ă©diteurs, responsables dâadministrations culturelles), mĂ©diateurs (di- recteur de services culturels), des personnes qui sont souvent aussi elles-mĂȘmes des chercheurs et des auteurs⊠Isabelle Balsamo (conservateur gĂ©nĂ©ral du patrimoine, Direction de lâArchitecture et du Patrimoine) modĂ©rait une table ronde avec GeneviĂšve Bresc-Bautier (conservateur gĂ©nĂ©ral du patrimoine au DĂ©partement des sculptures du MusĂ©e du Louvre), Jean-François Barielle (directeur des Ă©ditions Hazan), Christian Besson (professeur dâhistoire de lâart Ă la Haute Ă©cole dâart et de design de GenĂšve) et Jean Galard (philosophe, ancien responsable du service culturel du MusĂ©e du Louvre) et Rodolphe Rapetti (conservateur gĂ©nĂ©ral du patrimoine, adjoint au Directeur des musĂ©es de France).Perspective publie un rĂ©sumĂ© de ce dĂ©bat
The technologies of isolation: apocalypse and self in Kurosawa Kiyoshi's Kairo
In this investigation of the Japanese film Kairo, I contemplate how the horrors present in the film relate to the issue of self, by examining a number of interlocking motifs. These include thematic foci on disease and technology which are more intimately and inwardly focused that the film's conclusion first appears to suggest. The true horror here, I argue, is ontological: centred on the self and its divorcing from the exterior world, especially founded in an increased use of and reliance on communicative technologies. I contend that these concerns are manifested in Kairo by presenting the spread of technology as disease-like, infecting the city and the individuals who are isolated and imprisoned by their urban environment. Finally, I investigate the meanings of the apocalypse, expounding how it may be read as hopeful for the future rather than indicative of failure or doom
the numerics of physical parametrization in the ecmwf model
The numerical aspects of physical parametrization are discussed mainly in the context of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. Two time integration techniques are discussed. With parallel splitting the tendencies of all the parametrized processes are computed independently of each other. With sequential splitting, tendencies of the explicit processes are computed first and are used as input to the subsequent implicit fast process. It is argued that sequential splitting is better than parallel splitting for problems with multiple time scales, because a balance between processes is obtained during the time integration. It is shown that sequential splitting applied to boundary layer diffusion in the ECMWF model leads to much smaller time truncation errors than does parallel splitting. The so called Semi-Lagrangian Averaging of Physical Parametrizations (SLAVEPP), as implemented in the ECMWF model, is explained. The scheme reduces time truncation errors compared to standard first order methods, although a few implementation questions remain. In the scheme fast and slow processes are handled differently and it remains a research topic to find the optimal way of handling convection and clouds. Process specific numerical issues are discussed in the context of the ECMWF parametrization package. Examples are the non-linear stability problems in the vertical diffusion scheme, the stability related mass flux limit in the convection scheme and the fast processes in the cloud microphysics. Vertical resolution in the land surface scheme is inspired by the requirement to represent diurnal to annual time scales. Finally, a new coupling strategy between atmospheric models and land surface schemes is discussed. It allows for fully implicit coupling also for tiled land surface schemes
Satellite and in situ observations for advancing global Earth surface modelling: a review
In this paper, we review the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ data to inform Earth surface modelling. This involves verification and optimization methods that can handle both random and systematic errors and result in effective model improvement for both surface monitoring and prediction applications. The reasons for diverse remote sensing data and products include (i) their complementary areal and temporal coverage, (ii) their diverse and covariant information content, and (iii) their ability to complement in situ observations, which are often sparse and only locally representative. To improve our understanding of the complex behavior of the Earth system at the surface and sub-surface, we need large volumes of data from high-resolution modelling and remote sensing, since the Earth surface exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuities in space and time. The spatial and temporal variability of the biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and anthroposphere calls for an increased use of Earth observation (EO) data attaining volumes previously considered prohibitive. We review data availability and discuss recent examples where satellite remote sensing is used to infer observable surface quantities directly or indirectly, with particular emphasis on key parameters necessary for weather and climate prediction. Coordinated high-resolution remote-sensing and modelling/assimilation capabilities for the Earth surface are required to support an international application-focused effort
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