376 research outputs found
Technologies de l'information et de la communication de la chaîne logistique en amont : pratiques d'entreprises
La recherche d'une compétitivité de plus en plus grande dans les années 80 et la mondialisation des années 90 ont amené les entreprises à externaliser nombre de leurs activités et à délocaliser leurs unités de production. Le phénomène d'externalisation a eu pour conséquence un déplacement des frontières des entreprises par la création de réseaux de partenaires dont l'articulation donne lieu à la formation d'une chaîne logistique ou supply chain composée d'un panel fournisseurs et sous-traitants. Les partenaires de cette chaîne sont à la fois de plus en plus sélectionnés, réduits en nombre et de plus en plus éloignés géographiquement de la firme « pivot » donneuse d'ordre (Goffin & al. 1997). Cet éloignement pose un problème de densité organisationnelle et fait émerger avec une plus grande intensité le problème de la coordination-coopération entre chacun des maillons de la chaîne logistique (Gupta, 1999). La question générale posée dans cet article est celle des critères qui fondent actuellement le choix des fournisseurs et donc la construction d'une chaîne logistique. Plus spécifiquement, dans un contexte d'éloignement des sources d'approvisionnement et de recherche de partenariat, cette étude cherche à évaluer l'importance des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) en tant que critère de choix d'un fournisseur. On cherchera à répondre à deux questions : quel est, en 2007, le poids relatif des TIC par rapport aux autres grands critères classiques ? Quels sont les outils TIC que les entreprises privilégient dans la sélection de leurs fournisseurs ?Chaîne logistique amont; Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC); Processus de sélection du fournisseur; Coopération; Collaboration
Le Knowledge Management appliqué aux problématiques de développement Durable dans la Supply Chain
Le concept de développement durable apparaît au début du XXe siècle dans des mouvements écologiques et de protection de la nature. L'expression de ce concept est citée pour la première fois en 1980 dans « La stratégie mondiale de la conservation » qui est l'un des très importants documents qui ont servi à redéfinir l'écologie après la Conférence de Stockholm, publié par l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN). Pour les entreprises, le développement durable est apparu plus tardivement. Des pratiques se sont mises en place depuis la fin des années 90 mais des difficultés majeures persistent. Pour comprendre d'où proviennent certains blocages organisationnels, nous proposons, dans cet article, l'illustrer le modèle de Nonaka (1995) dans un contexte de développement durable dans la supply chain. Après avoir présenté les concepts de gestion des connaissances et de développement durable, nous décrirons la méthodologie de notre étude exploratoire ainsi que les premiers résultatsDéveloppement durable ; Knowledge Management ; Supply Chain ; Nonaka ; Modèle SECI
Економічні засади покращення інвестиційного клімату України
Розглянуто тенденцію основних прямих та непрямих інвестицій в країну за певний період та виявлено основну низку системних вад економіко - правового середовища, які заважають припливу іноземних інвестицій. Представлені можливі шляхи покращення інвестиційного клімату України.Considered the main trend of direct and indirect investment in the country for a certain period and found a number of major systemic defects economic and legal environment that hinder foreign investment. Courtesy of the main factors that affect the volume of investment, presents possible ways of improving the investment climate in Ukraine
Use of Treponema pallidum PCR in Testing of Ulcers for Diagnosis of Primary Syphilis(1.).
Treponema pallidum PCR (Tp-PCR) has been noted as a valid method for diagnosing syphilis. We compared Tp-PCR to a combination of darkfield microscopy (DFM), the reference method, and serologic testing in a cohort of 273 patients from France and Switzerland and found the diagnostic accuracy of Tp-PCR was higher than that for DFM
Characterization of a ballistic supermirror neutron guide
We describe the beam characteristics of the first ballistic supermirror
neutron guide H113 that feeds the neutron user facility for particle physics
PF1B of the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (ILL). At present, the neutron
capture flux density of H113 at its 20x6cm2 exit window is 1.35x10^10/cm^2/s,
and will soon be raised to above 2x10^10/cm^2/s. Beam divergence is no larger
than beam divergence from a conventional Ni coated guide. A model is developed
that permits rapid calculation of beam profiles and absolute event rates from
such a beam. We propose a procedure that permits inter-comparability of the
main features of beams emitted from ballistic or conventional neutron guides.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, to be submitted to Nuclear Instruments and
Methods
Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope
The data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope from 2007 to 2010, a total
live time of 863 days, are used to measure the oscillation parameters of
atmospheric neutrinos. Muon tracks are reconstructed with energies as low as 20
GeV. Neutrino oscillations will cause a suppression of vertical upgoing muon
neutrinos of such energies crossing the Earth. The parameters determining the
oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos are extracted by fitting the event rate as
a function of the ratio of the estimated neutrino energy and reconstructed
flight path through the Earth. Measurement contours of the oscillation
parameters in a two-flavour approximation are derived. Assuming maximum mixing,
a mass difference of eV is
obtained, in good agreement with the world average value.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
The Antares Collaboration : Contributions to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015, The Hague)
The ANTARES detector, completed in 2008, is the largest neutrino telescope in the Northern hemisphere. Located at a depth of 2.5 km in the Mediterranean Sea, 40 km off the Toulon shore, its main goal is the search for astrophysical high energy neutrinos. In this paper we collect the 21 contributions of the ANTARES collaboration to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015). The scientific output is very rich and the contributions included in these proceedings cover the main physics results, ranging from steady point sources, diffuse searches, multi-messenger analyses to exotic physics
The ANTARES Optical Beacon System
ANTARES is a neutrino telescope being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. It
consists of a three dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes that can detect
the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced in the interactions
of neutrinos with the surrounding medium. High angular resolution can be
achieved, in particular when a muon is produced, provided that the Cherenkov
photons are detected with sufficient timing precision. Considerations of the
intrinsic time uncertainties stemming from the transit time spread in the
photomultiplier tubes and the mechanism of transmission of light in sea water
lead to the conclusion that a relative time accuracy of the order of 0.5 ns is
desirable. Accordingly, different time calibration systems have been developed
for the ANTARES telescope. In this article, a system based on Optical Beacons,
a set of external and well-controlled pulsed light sources located throughout
the detector, is described. This calibration system takes into account the
optical properties of sea water, which is used as the detection volume of the
ANTARES telescope. The design, tests, construction and first results of the two
types of beacons, LED and laser-based, are presented.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. Phys. Res.
How to deal with a clustering effect in the assessment of a hand hygiene improvement strategy implemented worldwide?
Acoustic and optical variations during rapid downward motion episodes in the deep north-western Mediterranean Sea
An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored at the deep-sea site
of the ANTARES neutrino telescope near Toulon, France, thus providing a unique
opportunity to compare high-resolution acoustic and optical observations
between 70 and 170 m above the sea bed at 2475 m. The ADCP measured downward
vertical currents of magnitudes up to 0.03 m s-1 in late winter and early
spring 2006. In the same period, observations were made of enhanced levels of
acoustic reflection, interpreted as suspended particles including zooplankton,
by a factor of about 10 and of horizontal currents reaching 0.35 m s-1. These
observations coincided with high light levels detected by the telescope,
interpreted as increased bioluminescence. During winter 2006 deep dense-water
formation occurred in the Ligurian subbasin, thus providing a possible
explanation for these observations. However, the 10-20 days quasi-periodic
episodes of high levels of acoustic reflection, light and large vertical
currents continuing into the summer are not direct evidence of this process. It
is hypothesized that the main process allowing for suspended material to be
moved vertically later in the year is local advection, linked with topographic
boundary current instabilities along the rim of the 'Northern Current'.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure
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