Trabalhos científicos em eventos universitários e sua contribuição para os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Universidades são ambientes propícios para a discussão de temas relacionados à sustentabilidade, incluindo a Agenda 2030 e os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Apesar do reconhecimento da importância de pesquisas universitárias sobre os ODS, muitos estudos contribuem para a Agenda 2030 sem reconhecer formalmente esta contribuição. Neste contexto, este artigo visa analisar os trabalhos publicados entre 2015 e 2019 em um importante evento acadêmico da Universidade de Passo Fundo e classificá-los de acordo com sua contribuição para os ODS. A metodologia de análise de conteúdo foi empregada, com análise dos títulos e/ou texto completo dos trabalhos, disponíveis do website da instituição. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a porcentagem de trabalhos que possuem relação com os ODS aumentou nos últimos anos, sendo o ano de 2019 o que mais possui trabalhos relacionados com os ODS e as áreas Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Exatas abordaram mais os ODS em suas publicações.Universities are conducive environments for discussing topics related to sustainability, including the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite the recognition of the importance of university research on the SDGs, many studies contribute to Agenda 2030 without formally recognizing this contribution. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the academic research published between 2015 and 2019 in an important academic event at the University of Passo Fundo and to classify them according to their contribution to the SDGs. The content analysis methodology was used, with analysis of the titles and/or full text of the works, available on the institution's website. The results obtained show that the percentage of researches related to the SDGs has increased in recent years, and 2019 was the year with the highest number of works related to the SDGs also, the Health Sciences and Exact Sciences areas most addressed the SDGs in their publications

RISK FACTORS FOR OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PEDIATRIC CARDIAC SURGERY

  Surgical wound infection is a significant complication in patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery, which can compromise the postoperative recovery process and increase morbidity. Several risk factors are associated with this condition, including patient characteristics, type of surgical procedure, hospital environment, and postoperative care practices. Understanding these factors is crucial to developing effective prevention strategies and optimizing clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population. Objective: To analyze and synthesize the available evidence on the risk factors for surgical wound infection in patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery. The aim is to identify patterns and gaps in the literature, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the elements that influence the occurrence of this specific complication. Methodology: The review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were consulted to identify studies published in the last 10 years, using the descriptors "pediatric heart surgery", "operative wound infection", "risk factors", "children" and "prevention ". Three inclusion criteria were established, considering original studies that addressed risk factors in pediatric cardiac surgery, while three exclusion criteria were applied to filter articles that did not meet the specific objectives of the review. Results: Results revealed a variety of risk factors, including patient age, length of surgery, presence of comorbidities, and infection control practices. The review highlighted the importance of specific preventive strategies for the pediatric population undergoing cardiac procedures. Conclusion: This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of risk factors for surgical wound infection in pediatric cardiac surgery, emphasizing the need for personalized prevention approaches. The conclusions highlight the importance of targeting preventive interventions, adapting them to the unique characteristics of this population, aiming to improve clinical results and reduce the incidence of postoperative infections.  Surgical wound infection is a significant complication in patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery, which can compromise the postoperative recovery process and increase morbidity. Several risk factors are associated with this condition, including patient characteristics, type of surgical procedure, hospital environment, and postoperative care practices. Understanding these factors is crucial to developing effective prevention strategies and optimizing clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population. Objective: To analyze and synthesize the available evidence on the risk factors for surgical wound infection in patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery. The aim is to identify patterns and gaps in the literature, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the elements that influence the occurrence of this specific complication. Methodology: The review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were consulted to identify studies published in the last 10 years, using the descriptors "pediatric heart surgery", "operative wound infection", "risk factors", "children" and "prevention ". Three inclusion criteria were established, considering original studies that addressed risk factors in pediatric cardiac surgery, while three exclusion criteria were applied to filter articles that did not meet the specific objectives of the review. Results: Results revealed a variety of risk factors, including patient age, length of surgery, presence of comorbidities, and infection control practices. The review highlighted the importance of specific preventive strategies for the pediatric population undergoing cardiac procedures. Conclusion: This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of risk factors for surgical wound infection in pediatric cardiac surgery, emphasizing the need for personalized prevention approaches. The conclusions highlight the importance of targeting preventive interventions, adapting them to the unique characteristics of this population, aiming to improve clinical results and reduce the incidence of postoperative infections

Ideação suicida em moradores da área de abrangência referente à Unidade Básica de Saúde Aparecidinha: prevalência e fatores associados

Introdução: Segundo a OMS, em média, 24 pessoas cometem suicídio a cada dia e, embora o Brasil tenha uma das taxas mais baixas, esse número vem crescendo anualmente, de forma a se configurar um problema de saúde pública. OBJETIVO: Assim, esse estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência da ideação suicida na área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Aparecidinha, Sorocaba – SP, e verificar quais fatores socioeconômicos e psicológicos estariam associados à ideação suicida. Metodologia: Para tanto, aplicamos 4 questionários: sociodemográfico, Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Escala de Desesperança de Beck e TARS (Teste para Avaliação do Risco de Suicídio). Calculamos a frequência, porcentagem, média das variáveis, realizamos uma análise de correlação de Pearson para estudar a relação entre as variáveis e fizemos uma análise de regressão linear, com suicídio como variável dependente e as demais como explicativas. Resultados: Ao todo foram entrevistadas 26 pessoas, sendo 61,5% do sexo feminino e a maioria aposentada ou desempregada. Cerca de 84,6% alegavam praticar alguma religião. Dentre os transtornos psiquiátricos apresentados 53,8% tinham depressão, 26,9% transtorno bipolar e 19,2% esquizofrenia. Ao avaliarmos a frequência de sintomas depressivos a partir da pontuação na Escala de depressão de Beck observamos que 34,6% dos entrevistados apresentavam sintomas depressivos leves e 65,6% sintomas moderados a graves. Entre todos os fatores estudados, o único que foi preditivo de suicídio foi a presença de depressão (p=0,001). Entretanto, ter muitos filhos, baixa escolaridade e desesperança estiveram associados à depressão e, portanto, indiretamente ao risco de suicídio. Conclusão: Assim, estratégias voltadas à detecção e intervenção precoces poderiam mitigar o risco de suicídio nessa população. Da mesma forma que estratégias mais simples como educação e planejamento familiar poderiam reduzir a vulnerabilidade à depressão e consequentemente o risco suicida

IAF, QGF, and QDF Peptides Exhibit Cholesterol-Lowering Activity through a Statin-like HMG-CoA Reductase Regulation Mechanism: In Silico and In Vitro Approach

In this study, in silico approaches are employed to investigate the binding mechanism of peptides derived from cowpea β-vignin and HMG-CoA reductase. With the obtained information, we designed synthetic peptides to evaluate their in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity. In vitro, the total protein extract and <3 kDa fraction, at 5000 µg, support this hypothesis (95% and 90% inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, respectively). Ile-Ala-Phe, Gln-Gly-Phe, and Gln-Asp-Phe peptides were predicted to bind to the substrate binding site of HMGCR via HMG-CoAR. In silico, it was established that the mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition largely entailed mimicking the interactions of the decalin ring of simvastatin and via H-bonding; in vitro studies corroborated the predictions, whereby the HMG-CoA reductase activity was decreased by 69%, 77%, and 78%, respectively. Our results suggest that Ile-Ala-Phe, Gln-Gly-Phe, and Gln-Asp-Phe peptides derived from cowpea β-vignin have the potential to lower cholesterol synthesis through a statin-like regulation mechanism

Vivenciando Ciência através dos Curso de Férias em Xerém.

A transmissão do conhecimento acumulado e a metodologia educacional baseada na memorização não atendem as demandas de uma sociedade em constante transformação. Diferentes trabalhos demonstram que uma excelente maneira de vencer os desafios na aprendizagem em Ciências é através da experimentação. No entanto, no dia-a-dia, não é difícil constatar que as atividades experimentais são raramente utilizadas pela maioria de professores. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma proposta de cursos de férias experimentais, no período de recesso escolar, para alunos dos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio de escolas públicas de Xerém e redondezas. Os cursos são oferecidas nos Laboratórios Didáticos de Química e Biologia do Campus Xerém/UFRJ. O curso é organizado por monitores, que são alunos de pós-graduação e graduação (bolsistas e voluntários) , com a supervisão da equipe docente. As atividades desenvolvidas pelo monitores incluem: seleção do tema, elaboração do material de divulgação (cartazes e fichas de inscrição), divulgação nas escolas, seleção dos participantes, treinamento dos experimentos,  monitoria durante o curso de férias, e elaboração do relatório final. Em Julho de 2015, foi oferecido o sétimo curso de férias do Campus Xerém,  intitulado “Os Mistérios da Célula”, que contou com um total 80 inscrições e participação de 36 alunos da Educação Básica. Os participantes foram provenientes de 15 escolas públicas da região de Xerém. Durante uma semana, os alunos selecionados desenvolveram atividades experimentais a partir de perguntas formuladas por eles próprios sobre o aspecto do tema que gostariam de abordar. Os monitores tiveram um papel coadjuvante, estimulando o desenvolvimento do pensamento científico e  auxiliando na manipulação de equipamentos científicos necessários para o experimento proposto. No final do curso, os participantes apresentaram os resultados experimentais obtidos durante a semana de uma maneira não formal, no formato de teatro ou jornal científico. O curso de férias foi avaliado pelos participantes através de um questionário aplicado no primeiro e último dia do curso. A avaliação foi positiva em diferentes aspectos, incluindo conhecimentos específicos sobre o tema, atuação dos monitores e colegas e condições de trabalho. O curso leva em conta que a realização de experimentos é essencial no processo de aprendizado da Ciência, o que torna o processo estimulante

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Effect of lung recruitment and titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome - A randomized clinical trial

IMPORTANCE: The effects of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine if lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients with moderate to severe ARDS compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November 17, 2011, through April 25, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: An experimental strategy with a lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance (n = 501; experimental group) or a control strategy of low PEEP (n = 509). All patients received volume-assist control mode until weaning. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality until 28 days. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay; ventilator-free days through day 28; pneumothorax requiring drainage within 7 days; barotrauma within 7 days; and ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: A total of 1010 patients (37.5% female; mean [SD] age, 50.9 [17.4] years) were enrolled and followed up. At 28 days, 277 of 501 patients (55.3%) in the experimental group and 251 of 509 patients (49.3%) in the control group had died (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.42; P = .041). Compared with the control group, the experimental group strategy increased 6-month mortality (65.3% vs 59.9%; HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.38; P = .04), decreased the number of mean ventilator-free days (5.3 vs 6.4; difference, −1.1; 95% CI, −2.1 to −0.1; P = .03), increased the risk of pneumothorax requiring drainage (3.2% vs 1.2%; difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 4.0%; P = .03), and the risk of barotrauma (5.6% vs 1.6%; difference, 4.0%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 6.5%; P = .001). There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, a strategy with lung recruitment and titrated PEEP compared with low PEEP increased 28-day all-cause mortality. These findings do not support the routine use of lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01374022