427 research outputs found
J/psi Elliptic Flow, High pT Suppression and Upsilon Measurements in A+A Collisions by the PHENIX Experiment
Three measurements that broaden the scope of the experimental investigation
of quarkonia modifications in heavy ion collisions are presented. Although the
current statistical precision on the first two measurements does not allow one
to draw significant conclusions, J/ elliptic flow and high pT suppression
results are important proofs of principle measurements, and make the case for
higher luminosities at RHIC. Finally, the first measurement of an upper limit
on the nuclear modification R_AA of dielectrons in the mass region
in Au+Au collisions is presented. The results show a significant suppression
with an upper limit of 0.64 at 90% CL.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for
Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennesse
Accountability of States and Non-state Actors under the International Law of Child Soldiering
The thesis examines the accountability of state and non-state actors under international law of child soldiering. It argues that states and non-state actors as such must be made accountable for breaching their obligation under the prohibition of the conscription and enlistment of children under the age of fifteen years old or using them to participate actively in hostilities. The argument is based on the Security Council resolutions on children and armed conflict and the 2001 International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on Responsibility of State for Internationally Wrongful Acts
J/Psi dissociation in parity-odd bubbles
We calculate the quarkonium dissociation rate in the P and CP-odd domains
(bubbles) that were possibly created in heavy-ion collisions. In the presence
of the magnetic field produced by the valence quarks of colliding ions,
parity-odd domains generate electric field. Quarkonium dissociation is the
result of quantum tunneling of quark or antiquark through the potential barrier
in this electric field. The strength of the electric field in the quarkonium
comoving frame depends on the quarkonium velocity with respect to the
background magnetic field. We investigate momentum, electric field strength and
azimuthal dependence of the dissociation rate. Azimuthal distribution of
quarkonia surviving in the electromagnetic field is strongly anisotropic; the
form of anisotropy depends on the relation between the electric and magnetic
fields and quarkonium momentum. These features can be used to explore the
properties of the electromagnetic field created in heavy ion collisions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures; v2: more discussions adde
Status and overview of development of the Silicon Pixel Detector for the PHENIX experiment at the BNL RHIC
We have developed a silicon pixel detector to enhance the physics
capabilities of the PHENIX experiment. This detector, consisting of two layers
of sensors, will be installed around the beam pipe at the collision point and
covers a pseudo-rapidity of | \eta | < 1.2 and an azimuth angle of | \phi | ~
2{\pi}. The detector uses 200 um thick silicon sensors and readout chips
developed for the ALICE experiment. In order to meet the PHENIX DAQ readout
requirements, it is necessary to read out 4 readout chips in parallel. The
physics goals of PHENIX require that radiation thickness of the detector be
minimized. To meet these criteria, the detector has been designed and
developed. In this paper, we report the current status of the development,
especially the development of the low-mass readout bus and the front-end
readout electronics.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures and 1 table in DOCX (Word 2007); PIXEL 2008
workshop proceedings, will be published in the Proceedings Section of
JINST(Journal of Instrumentation
Overweight and Undernutrition in the Cases of School-Going Adolescents in Wolaita Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Background. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among school adolescents in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18–June 10, 2015. A multistage sampling was used to select a random sample of 690 adolescents from selected schools. Data on sociodemographic information were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were made by using a digital Seca scale and height measuring board by trained data collectors. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 20. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro-plus software was used to analyze anthropometric data. Both binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with the malnutrition of adolescents. Result. The overall prevalence of thinness, stunting, and overweight/obesity among school adolescents was 4.7% (95% CI: 3%–6.4%); 5.2% (95% CI: 3.4%–7%); and 5.0% (95% CI: 3.4%–6.7%), respectively. Being male (AOR = 4.07; 95% CI: 2.35–7.02), learning at a government school (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20–0.65), mothers with no formal education (AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: 1.82–8.92), owning no cattle (AOR = 4.92; 95% CI: 2.08–11.64), skipping meals (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.05–2.74), and illness in 2 weeks prior to survey (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.49–4.78) were significantly associated with thinness. However, males, students who had their house, and no cattle were more likely to develop overweight/obesity. Maternal education of secondary school (AOR = 0.214; 95% CI: 0.054–0.846) was significantly associated with the stunting. Conclusion. The study showed the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition among school adolescents in the study area. There needs to implement evidence-based school nutrition education and health policies and programs to improve nutritional status of adolescents and timely taking action to limit obesity-related health problems
Gluodissociation and Screening of Upsilon States in PbPb Collisions at sqrt (s_NN) = 2.76 TeV
We suggest that gluon-induced dissociation and screening of the Y(nS) states
explain the suppression of the Y(2S+3S) states relative to the Y(1S) ground
state that has been observed by CMS in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s_NN)= 2.76 TeV
at the CERN LHC. The minimum-bias gluodissociation cross sections of the 1S-3S
states are calculated using a screened Cornell potential and a thermal gluon
distribution. The 3S state dissolves due to screening before sizeable
gluodissociation occurs, but for the 2S and 1S states there is an interplay
between screening, gluodissociation, and feed-down from the chi_b(2P) and
chi_b(1P) states. Based on a schematic approach, we find that the calculated
suppression of the Y(2S) and Y(3S) states relative to Y(1S) is consistent with
the CMS result, but allows for additional suppression mechanisms. The Y(1S)
suppression through gluodissociation is, however, in good agreement with the
CMS data.Comment: Fig.3 added; text, references and Fig.2 updated. Physics Letters B,
accepte
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Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.
The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.41  GeV/c) direct-photon yield dN_{γ}^{dir}/dη is a smooth function of dN_{ch}/dη and can be well described as proportional to (dN_{ch}/dη)^{α} with α≈1.25. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different A+A collision systems. At a given beam energy, the scaling also holds for high p_{T} (>5  GeV/c), but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional sqrt[s_{NN}]-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield
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Production of π0 and η mesons in Cu+Au collisions at sNN =200 GeV
Production of π0 and η mesons has been measured at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV. Measurements were performed in π0(η)→γγ decay channel in the 1(2)-20GeV/c transverse momentum range. A strong suppression is observed for π0 and η meson production at high transverse momentum in central Cu+Au collisions relative to the p+p results scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. In central collisions the suppression is similar to Au+Au with comparable nuclear overlap. The η/π0 ratio measured as a function of transverse momentum is consistent with mT-scaling parametrization down to pT=2GeV/c, its asymptotic value is constant and consistent with Au+Au and p+p and does not show any significant dependence on collision centrality. Similar results were obtained in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as in e+e- collisions in a range of collision energies sNN=3-1800 GeV. This suggests that the quark-gluon-plasma medium produced in Cu+Cu collisions either does not affect the jet fragmentation into light mesons or it affects the π0 and η the same way
The interaction studied via femtoscopy in p + Nb reactions at
We report on the first measurement of and correlations via
the femtoscopy method in p+Nb reactions at , studied with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer
(HADES). By comparing the experimental correlation function to model
calculations, a source size for pairs of and a slightly
smaller value for of is extracted.
Using the geometrical extent of the particle emitting region, determined
experimentally with correlations as reference together with a source
function from a transport model, it is possible to study different sets of
scattering parameters. The correlation is proven sensitive to
predicted scattering length values from chiral effective field theory. We
demonstrate that the femtoscopy technique can be used as valid alternative to
the analysis of scattering data to study the hyperon-nucleon interaction.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
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