Lactonase-mediated inhibition of quorum sensing largely alters phenotypes, proteome, and antimicrobial activities in Burkholderia thailandensis E264

IntroductionBurkholderia thailandensis is a study model for Burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly virulent pathogen, known to be the causative agent of melioidosis and a potential bioterrorism agent. These two bacteria use an (acyl-homoserine lactone) AHL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) system to regulate different behaviors including biofilm formation, secondary metabolite productions, and motility.MethodsUsing an enzyme-based quorum quenching (QQ) strategy, with the lactonase SsoPox having the best activity on B. thailandensis AHLs, we evaluated the importance of QS in B. thailandensis by combining proteomic and phenotypic analyses.ResultsWe demonstrated that QS disruption largely affects overall bacterial behavior including motility, proteolytic activity, and antimicrobial molecule production. We further showed that QQ treatment drastically decreases B. thailandensis bactericidal activity against two bacteria (Chromobacterium violaceum and Staphylococcus aureus), while a spectacular increase in antifungal activity was observed against fungi and yeast (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium graminearum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae).DiscussionThis study provides evidence that QS is of prime interest when it comes to understanding the virulence of Burkholderia species and developing alternative treatments

The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra

The Eleventh and Twelfth data releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) tookdata from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, theoriginal and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, anew near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel opticalinterferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. Inparticular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including alldata acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding dataacquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous datareleases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to ourprevious public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra ofgalaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey(BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triplesthe number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache PointObservatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includesrepeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from theMulti-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS).The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 differentelements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 ofugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the SloanExploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey;2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since itsfirst light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere infive bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra.Fil: Alam, Shadab. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Albareti, Franco D.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Prieto, Carlos Allende. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Anders, F.. Leibniz Institute For Astrophysics Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Anderson, Scott F.. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Anderton, Timothy. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Andrews, Brett H.. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Armengaud, Eric. Service de Physique Des Particules; FranciaFil: Aubourg, Éric. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Bailey, Stephen. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Basu, Sarbani. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Bautista, Julian E.. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Beaton, Rachael L.. University of Virginia; Estados UnidosFil: Beers, Timothy C.. University of Notre Dame; Estados UnidosFil: Bender, Chad F.. Pennsylvania State University; Estados UnidosFil: Berlind, Andreas A.. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Beutler, Florian. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Bhardwaj, Vaishali. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Bird, Jonathan C.. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Bizyaev, Dmitry. Apache Point Observatory; Estados UnidosFil: Blake, Cullen H.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Blanton, Michael R.. New York University; Estados UnidosFil: Blomqvist, Michael. University of California at Irvine; Estados UnidosFil: Bochanski, John J.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Bolton, Adam S.. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Bovy, Jo. Institute For Advanced Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Shelden, Bradley, A.. Apache Point Observatory; Estados UnidosFil: Brandt, W. N.. Pennsylvania State University; Estados UnidosFil: Brauer, D. E.. Leibniz Institute For Astrophysics Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Nuza, Sebastian Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina. Institut Max Planck Fuer Gesellschaft. Max Planck Institute For Extraterrestrial Physics; AlemaniaFil: Scoccola, Claudia Graciela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentin

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar catalog : fourteenth data release

We present the data release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as quasars via a new automated procedure combined with a partial visual inspection of spectra, have luminosities Mi [z = 2] < −20.5 (in a Λ CDM cosmology with H0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1, ΩM =0.3, and ΩΛ = 0.7), and either display at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum larger than 500 km s−1 or, if not, have interesting/complex absorption features. The catalog also includes previously spectroscopically-confirmed quasars from SDSS-I, II, and III. The catalog contains 526 356 quasars (144 046 are new discoveries since the beginning of SDSS-IV) detected over 9376 deg2 (2044 deg2 having new spectroscopic data available) with robust identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component eigenspectra. The catalog is estimated to have about 0.5% contamination. Redshifts are provided for the Mg II emission line. The catalog identifies 21 877 broad absorption line quasars and lists their characteristics. For each object, the catalog presents five-band (u, g, r, i, z) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag. The catalog also contains X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra, covering the wavelength region 3610–10 140 Å at a spectral resolution in the range 1300 < R < 2500, can be retrieved from the SDSS Science Archiver Server.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra. \ua9 2015. The American Astronomical Society

Propagation et distribution sur le ciel des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute<br />énergie dans le cadre de l'Observatoire Pierre Auger

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays remains an enigma of modernphysics, which the Pierre Auger Observatory, a detector with a hybriddetection mode and an unprecedented size, will try to solve. The directobservation of the sources of those particles, or of large-scale structuresin the sky associated to the sources, is one of the main goals of theobservatory. Such observations should also allow to constrain cosmic raypropagation between their sources and the Earth, which is complicated byinteractions with low-energy photon backgrounds and deflections inastrophysical magnetic fields.This thesis is made of two parts, in order to observe and modelize thesources of cosmic rays within the Auger Observatory.We begin with an extensive description of the Pierre Auger Observatory, andstudy the acceptance of its surface detector in order to build accurate skyexposure maps, an essential tool in order to study anisotropies. Then wepresent methods to search for anisotropies in the sky, and analyze thefirst two years of Auger data.After a description of the phenomena that can influence the propagation andobservation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray sources, we present numericalsimulations aiming at predicting observables such as the spectrum,anisotropies and composition measurable by Auger as a function of variousastrophysical models. We show that extragalactic magnetic fields can play acrucial role in particular if cosmic rays are partly heavy nuclei. Finally,we show that the propagation of these particles from a nearby sourcegenerates secondary fluxes of gamma-rays that could be detected by TeVgamma-ray telescopes.L'origine des rayons cosmiques d'ultra haute énergie reste une énigme dela physique contemporaine, que l'Observatoire Pierre Auger, détecteurhybride d'une taille inégalée, va tenter de résoudre. L'observationdirecte des sources de ces particules, ou de structures à grande échellesur le ciel associées à ces sources, est un des premiers objectifs decet observatoire. De telles observations permettront aussi de contraindre lapropagation des rayons cosmiques, qui, entre leurs sources et la Terre,subissent d'une part des interactions sur des fonds de photons de basseénergie, et d'autre part des déflections dans des champs magnétiquesastrophysiques.Cette thèse comprend deux volets, afin d'observer les sources des rayonscosmiques avec l'Observatoire Auger et de les modéliser.Nous commençons par décrire en détail l'Observatoire Pierre Auger,et nous intéressons ensuite à l'acceptance de son détecteur de surfaceafin de pouvoir construire des cartes de couverture précise du ciel, outilindispensable à l'étude des anisotropies. Nous présentons ensuite desméthodes de recherche d'anisotropies sur le ciel, et analysons les deuxpremières années de prise de données de l'Observatoire.Après une description des phénomènes susceptibles d'influencer lapropagation et l'observation de sources de rayons cosmiques d'ultra-hauteénergie, nous présentons des simulations numériques destinées àprédire des observables telles que le spectre, les anisotropies et lacomposition mesurables par Auger, en fonction de différents modèlesastrophysiques. Nous montrons que les champs magnétiques extragalactiquespeuvent jouer un rôle crucial, surtout si les rayons cosmiques sont enpartie des noyaux lourds. Enfin, nous montrons que la propagation de cesparticules depuis une source proche génère des flux secondaires derayons gamma qui pourront être détectés par des télescopes gamma auTeV

Temporal variability of the carbonate system and air-sea CO 2 exchanges in a Mediterranean human-impacted coastal site

International audienceThe temporal evolution of the carbonate system and air-sea CO 2 fluxes are investigated for the first time in the Bay of Marseille (BoM-North Western Mediterranean Sea), a coastal system affected by anthropogenic forcing from the Marseille metropolis. This study presents a two-year time-series (between 2016 and 2018) of fortnightly measurements of A T , C T, pH and derived seawater carbonate parameters at the SOLEMIO station. On this land-ocean boundary area, no linear relationship between A T and salinity in surface water is observed due to sporadic intrusions of freshwater coming from the Rhone River. On an annual scale, the BoM acts as a sink of atmospheric CO 2. This result is consistent with previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea. Mean daily air-sea CO 2 fluxes range between −0.8 mmol C.m −2 .d −1 and-2.2 mmol C.m −2 .d −1 during the study period, depending on the atmospheric CO 2 sampling site used for the estimates. This study shows that the pCO 2 in the surface water is predominantly driven by temperature changes, even if partially counterbalanced by biological activity. Therefore, temperature is the main contributor to the air-sea CO 2 exchange variability. Mean daily Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) estimates from C T budget shows an ecosystem in which autotrophic processes are associated with a sink of CO 2. Despite some negative NEP values, the observed air-sea CO 2 fluxes in the BoM are negative, suggesting that thermodynamic processes are the predominant drivers for these fluxes