Determinan Faktor Remaja Merokok Studi Kasus di SMPN 27 Semarang

Indonesia is the third largest cigarette users in the world, over 70% of children exposed to cigarette smoke and bear the risk of various diseases caused by cigarette smoke. The prevalence of coronary heart disease that doctors diagnosed at the age of over 15 years in Indonesia reached 1.5% and the prevalence of COPD has reached 3.7%. According to Riskesdas Central Java in 2013 the number of smokers aged 10-14 years every day at 0.5% and the number of smokers aged 15-19 years every day of 11.2%. In Semarang, start smoking at the age of 10-14 years amounted to 18.0% and amounted to 53.9% of 15-19 years. The purpose of the research to describe and analyze the determinant factors of smoking adolescents in SMPN 27 Semarang. This research is a quantitative and qualitative information extracting with an interview and cross-sectional approach. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire and an interview guide. The study sample as many as 57 respondents with saturated sampling technique for quantitative and 3 informants triangulation with purposive sampling for qualitative. Analysis of the data used a chi-square test for the bivariate analysis with a significance level of 95%. At 80.7% of respondents have become moderate smokers, while 19.3% of respondents still be light smokers. Bivariate analysis, there was no correlation between age (p = 0.051), parental education respondents (p = 1.000), allowance (p = 0.183), knowledge (p = 0318), conformity adolescents (p = 0.296), affordability of cigarettes (p = 0.742), extracurricular involvement (p = 0.482) and the regulation of smoking in schools (p = 0.462) with the practice of smoking students, and there is a relationship between attitudes (p = 0.03) with the practice of smoking students. Schools can provide information on a regular basis every 1 semester 2 times the discussion on the practice of smoking and the dangers of smoking

A new paradigm for the scientific enterprise: nurturing the ecosystem [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

The institutions of science are in a state of flux. Declining public funding for basic science, the increasingly corporatized administration of universities, increasing “adjunctification” of the professoriate and poor academic career prospects for postdoctoral scientists indicate a significant mismatch between the reality of the market economy and expectations in higher education for science. Solutions to these issues typically revolve around the idea of fixing the career "pipeline", which is envisioned as being a pathway from higher-education training to a coveted permanent position, and then up a career ladder until retirement. In this paper, we propose and describe the term “ecosystem” as a more appropriate way to conceptualize today’s scientific training and the professional landscape of the scientific enterprise. First, we highlight the issues around the concept of “fixing the pipeline”. Then, we articulate our ecosystem metaphor by describing a series of concrete design patterns that draw on peer-to-peer, decentralized, cooperative, and commons-based approaches for creating a new dynamic scientific enterprise

Modelling Z → ττ processes in ATLAS with τ-embedded Z → μμ data

This paper describes the concept, technical realisation and validation of a largely data-driven method to model events with Z→ττ decays. In Z→μμ events selected from proton-proton collision data recorded at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012, the Z decay muons are replaced by τ leptons from simulated Z→ττ decays at the level of reconstructed tracks and calorimeter cells. The τ lepton kinematics are derived from the kinematics of the original muons. Thus, only the well-understood decays of the Z boson and τ leptons as well as the detector response to the τ decay products are obtained from simulation. All other aspects of the event, such as the Z boson and jet kinematics as well as effects from multiple interactions, are given by the actual data. This so-called τ-embedding method is particularly relevant for Higgs boson searches and analyses in ττ final states, where Zarrowττ decays constitute a large irreducible background that cannot be obtained directly from data control samples. In this paper, the relevant concepts are discussed based on the implementation used in the ATLAS Standard Model H→ττ analysis of the full datataset recorded during 2011 and 2012

Identification and rejection of pile-up jets at high pseudorapidity with the ATLAS detector

The rejection of forward jets originating from additional proton–proton interactions (pile-up) is crucial for a variety of physics analyses at the LHC, including Standard Model measurements and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The identification of such jets is challenging due to the lack of track and vertex information in the pseudorapidity range |η| > 2.5. This paper presents a novel strategy for forward pile-up jet tagging that exploits jet shapes and topological jet correlations in pile-up interactions. Measurements of the per-jet tagging efficiency are presented using a data set of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector. The fraction of pile-up jets rejected in the range 2.5 < |η| < 4.5 is estimated in simulated events with an average of 22 interactions per bunch-crossing. It increases with jet transverse momentum and, for jets with transverse momentum between 20 and 50 GeV, it ranges between 49% and 67% with an efficiency of 85% for selecting hard-scatter jets. A case study is performed in Higgs boson production via the vector-boson fusion process, showing that these techniques mitigate the background growth due to additional proton–proton interactions, thus enhancing the reach for such signatures

Measurement of differential cross sections of isolated-photon plus heavy-flavour jet production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the measurement of differential cross sections of isolated prompt photons produced in association with a b-jet or a c-jet. These final states provide sensitivity to the heavy-flavour content of the proton and aspects related to the modelling of heavy-flavour quarks in perturbative QCD. The measurement uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 20.2 fb−1. The differential cross sections are measured for each jet flavour with respect to the transverse energy of the leading photon in two photon pseudorapidity regions: |ηγ | < 1.37 and 1.56 < |ηγ | < 2.37. The measurement covers photon transverse energies 25 < Eγ T < 400 GeV and 25 < Eγ T < 350 GeV respectively for the two |ηγ | regions. For each jet flavour, the ratio of the cross sections in the two |ηγ | regions is also measured. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared to leading-order and nextto-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, based on various treatments and assumptions about the heavy-flavour content of the proton. Overall, the predictions agree well with the measurement, but some deviations are observed at high photon transverse energies. The total uncertainty in the measurement ranges between 13% and 66%, while the central γ + b measurement exhibits the smallest uncertainty, ranging from 13% to 27%, which is comparable to the precision of the theoretical predictions