Prediction of fabric hand characteristics using extraction principle

Prediction of fabric handle characteristics using extraction principle has been studied. An instrument for objective measurement of fabric handle characteristics has been developed using nozzle extraction method. This instrument measures the force exerted on the periphery of the nozzle by the fabric being drawn out of the nozzle on the periphery of the nozzle. This force, called the radial force, is a measure of the certain low stress mechanical characteristics of the fabric that determine handle. The instrument also measures the force required to extract the fabric through the nozzle. Woven fabric samples have been sourced from industry and categorized into suiting and shirting fabrics. The fabric samples were also tested in KES-F system. An attempt has been made to predict the shear force and bending rigidity by using artificial neural network. It has been observed that there are very good correlations between the extraction force values and the various KES-F parameters. The fabric extraction force obtained through nozzle extraction instrument is found to be well enough to predict fabric handle/feel value

Transition Metal Oxide-Based Nano-materials for Energy Storage Application

With improvement of global economy, the fatigue of energy becomes inevitable in twenty-first century. It is expected that the increase of world energy requirements will be triple at the end of this century. Thus, there is an imperative need for development of renewable energy sources and storage systems. Among various energy storage systems, supercapacitors are ascertained one of the most significant storage devices. But the development of supercapacitor devices with high power and energy density are the greatest challenges for modern research. In this article, transition metal oxides such as TiO2-V2O5, NiMn2O4 etc. with porous structure are considered as high performance supercapacitors electrode. The effects of its structural, morphological and electrochemical properties have been studied extensively. A TiO2-V2O5 and NiMn2O4 based electrode delivered specific capacitance of 310 and 875 F g−1, respectively at a scan rate 2 mV s−1. This TiO2-V2O5 based asymmetric supercapacitor also exhibits excellent device performance with specific energy 20.18 W h kg−1 at specific power 5.94 kW kg−1, and retained 88.0% specific capacitance at current density of 10 A g−1 after 5000 cycles

Stern review on the economics of climate change: implications for Bangladesh

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of climate change on economic development in Bangladesh. More specifically, the research aims to figure out the influence of climate change on gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate related to different sectors such as agriculture, forest, water, health and infrastructure. It also attempts to explore the effect of climate change on the coastal economy of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach - A set of statistical and econometric techniques, including descriptive and correlation analysis and time series regression model, was applied to address the objective of the research. Sector-wise time series economic data were collected from the World Bank for the period between 1971 and 2013. Climate data were received from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council online database for the period between 1948 and 2013. Findings - The results from the statistical analysis show that climate variables such as temperature and rainfall have changed between 1948 and 2013 in the context of Bangladesh. The econometric regression analysis demonstrates that an increase by 1°C of annual mean temperature leads to a decrease in the GDP growth rate by 0.44 per cent on average, which is statistically significant at the 5 per cent level. On the other hand, the estimated coefficients of agriculture, industry, services, urbanization and export are positively associated with GDP growth rate, and these are statistically significant at the 1 per cent level. Sector-wise correlation analysis provides statistical evidence that climate change is negatively associated with various sectors, such as agriculture, forest, human health and arable land. In contrast, it has a positive relation to water access and electricity consumption. Analysis of coastal regions shows that climate change negatively affects the local economic sectors of the coastal zone of the country. Originality/value - Although this study has received significant insight from the world-renowned research publication “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”, there is a dearth of research on the economic impact of climate change in the context of Bangladesh. The findings of the paper provide deep insight into and comprehensive views of policy makers on the impact of climate change on economic growth and various sectors in Bangladesh

A multi-parent genetic algorithm for solving longitude–latitude-based 4D traveling salesman problems under uncertainty

In this study, we propose a mathematical model of a 4D clustered traveling salesman problem (CTSP) to address the cost-effective security and risk-related difficulties associated with the TSP. We used a multiparent-based memetic genetic algorithm to optimize paths between all clusters and proposed unique heuristic approaches to create clusters and reconnect them. We constructed a 4D CTSP considering multiple routes between two locations and multiple available vehicles on each route. Travel expenses and risks impact every itinerary; however, the behaviors of these costs and risks are always uncertain. We inspected various standard benchmark problems from (TSPLIB) using the proposed calculations. Real-life problems in the tourism industry motivate a longitude–latitude-based CTSP with risk constraints. Thus, we determined the risk of each path based on longitude and latitude. The contributions of this study are twofold: developing a genetic algorithm and heuristics based on mathematical modeling of a real problem.</p

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-vinyl triethoxysilane) Prepared by Free Radical Polymerization

The copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES) was carried out in ethyl cellosolve at 70 ℃ using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. The prepared copolymer was purified and then analysed by FT-IR, NMR, TGA and SEM analyses. FT-IR along with NMR confirm the successful preparation of the copolymer. The prepared copolymer shows better thermal stability than poly(methyl methacrylate). A morphological study was also carried out by SEM analysis. SEM micrographs show that the copolymer surface gets roughened and becomes porous on copolymerization

MAXIMIZATION OF COOLING EFFECTIVENESS OF TURBINE BLADE SURFACES USING DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF COOLING HOLES AND VARIOUS BLOWING RATIOS

In gas turbines, the operating temperature of the primary fluid is very high. In order to lessen the damage of turbine blades due to severe working temperature, film cooling holes are commonly implemented during designing of turbine blades. Film cooling effectiveness has been studied numerically to determine the arrangement of cooling holes and optimum blowing ratio. In this study, three dimensional standard Reynold’s Average Navier Stokes (RANS) shear stress transport turbulence model have been used for the simulation purpose. Three different shapes of cooling holes have been considered to find out optimum shape of the hole geometry. The blowing ratios equal to 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 and the free stream Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and hydraulic diameter of the mainstream channel as 15316have been taken for the present study. 3D domain has been used in order to capture recirculation zone near the wall. Effectiveness obtained for fan-shaped hole at M = 0.8 and 1 is maximum compared to conventional hole shapes. Film cooling effectiveness is highest near the hole region which decreases further downstream of cooling holes due to coolant and mainstream intermixing. The simulation results show that best effective blade surface cooling is achieved for fan-shaped staggered row at blowing ratio equal to 1.0

Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Child growth failure (CGF), manifested as stunting, wasting, and underweight, is associated with high 5 mortality and increased risks of cognitive, physical, and metabolic impairments. Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the highest levels of CGF globally. Here we illustrate national and subnational variation of under-5 CGF indicators across LMICs, providing 2000–2017 annual estimates mapped at a high spatial resolution and aggregated to policy-relevant administrative units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the World Health 10 Organization’s ambitious Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and rates of progress exist across regions, countries, and within countries; our maps identify areas where high prevalence persists even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where subnational disparities exist and the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning locally 15 tailored interventions and efficient directing of resources to accelerate progress in reducing CGF and its health implications

3d magnetic dopant atoms in transition-metal superconductors: Part I: Localized magnetic moments on chromium and manganese dopant atoms in niobium and vanadium; Part II: The effects of chromium and manganese dopant atoms on the upper critical magnetic field of niobium

This thesis consists of two parts. The first part deals with the question of whether localized magnetic moments are present on the 3d atoms, Cr and Mn, when dilutely doped in Nb and V. The second part deals with the pair-breaking effects of Cr and Mn dopant atoms on the upper critical magnetic field of Nb. In Part I we review the experimental situation regarding the presence of localized magnetic moments on 3d dopant atoms in transition-metal superconductors, and briefly describe the salient features of some traditional theories of localized moments in metals. We indicate why the magnetic behavior of the host-metal ions may be significant in the case of transition-metal hosts, and we present a simple model in which we include the effects of host-metal magnetism. We then give an account of magnetic susceptibility measurements on films of Nb and V, pure and doped with Cr and Mn. We discuss the data in terms of our model. Our results indicate the presence of localized magnetic moments on Cr and Mn dopant atoms in both Nb and V. In Part II we briefly review the theories of magnetically doped superconductors. We then give an account of measurements of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc ' and of the upper critical magnetic field, Hc2(T), of several Nb films, pure and doped with Cr and Mn. We relate the superconducting properties of these films to various normal-state material parameters, and we discuss the implications of these relations on the superconductivity of Nb. We find that Tc of Nb is decreased in the presence of Cr or Mn, by amounts that are consistent with the existence of localized moments. Our results for Hc2(T) indicate, for both Cr and Mn dopants in Nb, that the pair-breaking effect of the magnetic dopants is additive with the pair-breaking effect of the applied magnetic field, and is possibly temperature-independent.U of I OnlyThesi

Economic Impact of Natural Hazards on Individuals and Businesses in New Zealand

This thesis contains three essays on the impact of extreme weather events on individual income and business firms in New Zealand. In Chapter Two, we investigate the impact of the extratropical cyclones on individual income, combining the data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) and the weather-related insurance claims data from the Earthquake Commission, New Zealand. The study sample covers the administrative longitudinal panel data of all the IRD-registered individual taxpayers between 2010 and 2019. We estimate a set of panel regressions with individual and time-fixed effects to assess the impact of extratropical cyclones on the affected individual’s annual income. The study findings show that income from salaries and wages is negatively affected by the cyclones across various specifications. Chapter Three provides an empirical analysis of the impact of floods on individual income in New Zealand between 2000 and 2019. Data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure and Historical Weather Events Catalogue from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) have been used to accomplish the study objective. The impact of floods on the affected individual’s annual income was assessed using panel regressions with individual and time-fixed effects. Despite the large floods-induced privately insured damages, floods had no significant impact on individual annual incomes from salary, wage, self-employment, and total income across various specifications. In Chapter Four, we investigate the impact of extratropical cyclones, floods, and wildfires on the profit and business equity of firms operating in New Zealand. We utilize a comprehensive administrative database of all firms from Statistics New Zealand’s Longitudinal Business Database from the financial year 2011- 2020 for extratropical cyclones and 2001-2020 for floods and wildfires. We find that the annual profit of extratropical cyclone-affected firms in agriculture, wholesale trade, financial and insurance services, and transportation sectors decreased significantly compared with the unaffected firms in the cyclone year. We also find that floods had no significant effect on the firm’s profit, and wildfires had no significant impact on the forestry firms’ profit. Besides, the study finding indicates no substantial evidence of the impact of extratropical cyclones, floods, and wildfires on the firms’ business equity.</p

Three-Dimensional Magnetic Dopant Atoms in Transition-Metal Superconductors: Part I. Localized Magnetic Moments on Chromium and Manganese Dopant Atoms in Niobium and Vanadium. Part Ii. The Effects Ofchromium and Manganese Dopant Atoms on The Upper Critical Magnetic Field of Niobium (Squid)

200 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1984.This thesis consists of two parts. The first part deals with the question of whether localized magnetic moments are present on the 3d atoms, Cr and Mn, when dilutely doped in Nb and V. The second part deals with the pair-breaking effects of Cr and Mn dopant atoms on the upper critical magnetic field of Nb.In Part I we review the experimental situation regarding the presence of localized magnetic moments on 3d dopant atoms in transition-metal superconductors, and briefly describe the salient features of some traditional theories of localized moments in metals. We indicate why the magnetic behavior of the host-metal ions may be significant in the case of transition-metal hosts, and we present a simple model in which we include the effects of host-metal magnetism. We then give an account of magnetic susceptibility measurements on films of Nb and V, pure and doped with Cr and Mn. We discuss the data in terms of our model. Our results indicate the presence of localized magnetic moments on Cr and Mn dopant atoms in both Nb and V.In Part II we briefly review the theories of magnetically doped superconductors. We then give an account of measurements of the superconducting transition temperature, T(,c), and of the upper critical magnetic field, H(,c2)(T), of several Nb films, pure and doped with Cr and Mn. We relate the superconducting properties of these films to various normal-state material parameters, and we discuss the implications of these relations on the superconductivity of Nb. We find that T(,c) of Nb is decreased in the presence of Cr or Mn, by amounts that are consistent with the existence of localized moments. Our results for H(,c2)(T) indicate, for both Cr and Mn dopants in Nb, that the pair-breaking effect of the magnetic dopants is additive with the pair-breaking effect of the applied magnetic field, and is possibly temperature-independent.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD