Management degree identification method in cut flowers production activity

Floriculture is one of the most important segments of Brazilian agriculture due to the significant financial resources it involves, the amount of manpower employed and the potential for growth it presents through exportation and an increase of internal consumption. Therefore, quality and management are fundamental steps to make it grow. The objective of this paper was to develop a method to help producers of cut flowers in the task of identifying their managerial degree, leading them to adopt the theoretical basis, the criteria and activities of quality management that will result in an organized business. To develop this paper, the criteria recommended by the National Quality Foundation were used as a base line for the selection, the establishment of priorities and setting up of hierarchies of managerial themes and indicators to be adopted in the new method. Primary and secondary data, collected through this research, were given priorities and then hierarchy was set up through the Delphi technique in management parameters for agribusiness. A questionnaire was compiled and applied to 41 experts in the flower sector, both private and belonging to public institutions. Once set up the hierarchy of the parameters, these were converted into objective questions used to assemble a second questionnaire to be filled in by the organizations directly involved in the activity. This questionnaire, associated to a score table, indicates the managerial maturity degree of the organizations and points out the opportunities for process improvements. This model was called Management Degree Identification Method (MDIM). The MDIM was applied to 14 organizations involved in the Brazilian cut flower activity. The consistency in the answers obtained indicates that the method that was developed is adequate to quickly identify and evaluate the management degree in the production of cut flowers at a low cost.A Floricultura é um dos mais importantes segmentos da agricultura brasileira, em função dos significativos recursos financeiros movimentados, do volume de mão-de-obra empregado e também pelo potencial de crescimento que possui, via incremento do consumo interno per capita e de exportação. Para tanto, questões como qualidade e gestão são fundamentais para que o setor se desenvolva e atinja esse potencial. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver um método para os produtores identificarem, de maneira simples e rápida, o grau gerencial de suas atividades e adotarem fundamentos, critérios e práticas de gestão da qualidade que resultem na estruturação de seu negócio como uma empresa organizada. Os critérios preconizados pela Fundação Nacional da Qualidade foram adotados como linha mestra de seleção, priorização e hierarquização dos temas e indicadores gerenciais adotados no novo método. Dados primários e secundários coletados, priorizados e hierarquizados por meio da técnica Delphi constituíram os parâmetros de gestão da empresa agrícola. Para o Delphi, delineou-se um questionário, que foi aplicado a 41 especialistas do setor de flores, da iniciativa privada e de instituições públicas. Após a hierarquização, aqueles parâmetros foram convertidos em questões objetivas, utilizadas na elaboração de um segundo questionário, destinado à aplicação direta nas organizações envolvidas na atividade. Esse questionário, associado a uma tabela de pontuação, indica o grau de maturidade gerencial das organizações e aponta oportunidades de melhoria dos processos. A esse modelo deu-se o nome de Método de Identificação do Grau de Gestão (MIGG), aplicado a 14 organizações atuantes na floricultura brasileira. A consistência das respostas indicou que o método desenvolvido é adequado para identificar e avaliar o grau de gestão na produção de flores de forma rápida e a baixo custo.53153

Tomato quality in different postharvest phases

Manual classification using wooden boxes (K) are still very common in Brazil. The main goal of this work was to characterize tomatoes of the cultivar Débora type, for maturity index, diameter and external defects at harvest time and at Retail Market, CEASA, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. This research also evaluated parameters related to mechanical injury (%), weight loss (%) and quality during the main phases (1) harvest; (2) before field sorting and classification; (3) after field sorting and packaging in K boxes; (4) at CEASA. 120 fruits were taken at each stage. Defects and physical damage were evaluated using a score scale. Fruits sampled in the field showed external damages, due to bruising from bamboo stakes, insects attack and physiological and nutritional disorders. Fruits were harvested mainly at green maturity stage (48%). But, when sampled at CEASA this amount dropped to 26,3%, having mixed diameters fruits, 55,4% at 50-60mm and 43,9% over 60 mm. The results showed an increase in mechanical injury (%), weight loss (%) and loss of quality during the stages. Fruits taken directly from field showed better quality (45%) after storage for 21 days than fruits sampled at terminal market, CEASA (5,8%).A classificação manual para tomate de mesa e a utilização da caixa K para transporte ainda predomina em diversas regiões no Brasil. O presente trabalho buscou caracterizar frutos da cultivar Débora provenientes de plantios comerciais quanto ao estádio de maturidade, diâmetro e defeitos físicos e danos na etapa de colheita e no recebimento do produto na CEASA, de Campinas. Objetivou-se também avaliar a incidência de danos físicos, a perda de peso e alterações na qualidade em frutos retirados diretamente no campo de produção e nas etapas da colheita (1), recebimento em um barracão para classificação manual (2), após classificação manual e embalagem (3) e na comercialização do produto na CEASA (4). Para está amostragem retirou-se 120 frutos em cada etapa. Defeitos e danos físicos presentes foram analisados utilizando-se uma escala de notas. Frutos amostrados em campo já demonstravam danos físicos, provenientes principalmente da abrasão com as estacas de bambu e fios de amarrio, ataque de insetos e distúrbios fisiológicos e nutricionais. Os frutos foram colhidos predominantemente no estádio de maturação verde-maduro (48%). Na amostragem retirada na CEASA dois dias após a colheita está porcentagem era de 26,3%, com misturas de diâmetros, sendo que 55,4% dos frutos encontravam-se entre 50-60 mm e 43,9% acima de 60 mm. Observou-se um incremento nos danos físicos e na perda de peso e conseqüente perda na qualidade com o aumento do manuseio e transporte do produto. Frutos retirados diretamente da planta mostraram-se mais aptos a consumo após armazenagem por 21 dias (45%) do que frutos amostrados na CEASA (5,8%).231235Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Spatial distribution of wood volume in brazilian savannas

Here we model and describe the wood volume of Cerrado Sensu Stricto, a highly heterogeneous vegetation type in the Savanna biome, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, integrating forest inventory data with spatial-environmental variables, multivariate regression, and regression kriging. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that affect the spatial distribution of the wood volume of this vegetation type as well as allowing better representation of the spatial heterogeneity of this biome. Wood volume estimates were obtained through regression models using different environmental variables as independent variables. Using the best fitted model, spatial analysis of the residuals was carried out by selecting a semivariogram model for generating an ordinary kriging map, which in turn was used with the fitted regression model in the regression kriging technique. Seasonality of both temperature and precipitation, along with the density of deforestation, explained the variations of wood volume throughout Minas Gerais. The spatial distribution of predicted wood volume of Cerrado Sensu Stricto in Minas Gerais revealed the high variability of this variable (15.32 to 98.38 m3 ha-1) and the decreasing gradient in the southeast-northwest direction914COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçã

Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015 : A modelling study

Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Elsevier LtdBackground The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease