Rezidivierende Depression: psychologische Risikofaktoren und Prädiktoren des Störungsverlaufs

Nach Angaben der World Health Organization ist die Major Depression die häufigste psychische Erkrankung und die persönlichen und gesellschaftlichen Kosten, die durch ihren meist rezidivierenden Verlauf entstehen, sind enorm. Aus diesem Grund ist die Identifikation von Risikofaktoren für den rezidivierenden Verlauf der Depression zentral für die Entwicklung und Verbesserung rückfallpräventiver Behandlungsformen. Im letzten Jahrzehnt sind mehrere psychologische Ansätze zur Rückfallprävention entwickelt worden, deren Ziel es ist die kognitive Vulnerabilität depressiv erkrankter Personen zu verringern, bzw. psychologisches Wohlbefinden, Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz zu erhöhen. Bisher ist wenig über die Ausprägung und die rückfallprädiktive Bedeutung psychologischer Risikofaktoren bei rezidivierender Depression bekannt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht psychologische Risikofaktoren und Prädiktoren bei rezidivierender Depression

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Atrial fibrillation genetic risk differentiates cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to assess whether genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation can explain cardioembolic stroke risk.MethodsWe evaluated genetic correlations between a prior genetic study of AF and AF in the presence of cardioembolic stroke using genome-wide genotypes from the Stroke Genetics Network (N = 3,190 AF cases, 3,000 cardioembolic stroke cases, and 28,026 referents). We tested whether a previously-validated AF polygenic risk score (PRS) associated with cardioembolic and other stroke subtypes after accounting for AF clinical risk factors.ResultsWe observed strong correlation between previously reported genetic risk for AF, AF in the presence of stroke, and cardioembolic stroke (Pearson’s r=0.77 and 0.76, respectively, across SNPs with p &lt; 4.4 × 10−4 in the prior AF meta-analysis). An AF PRS, adjusted for clinical AF risk factors, was associated with cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (sd) = 1.40, p = 1.45×10−48), explaining ∼20% of the heritable component of cardioembolic stroke risk. The AF PRS was also associated with stroke of undetermined cause (OR per sd = 1.07, p = 0.004), but no other primary stroke subtypes (all p &gt; 0.1).ConclusionsGenetic risk for AF is associated with cardioembolic stroke, independent of clinical risk factors. Studies are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk can serve as a biomarker for strokes caused by AF.</jats:sec

Experiential avoidance in civilian war survivors with current versus recovered posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study

The present study investigated the role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following war-related stress. Eighty-four civilian war survivors were assigned to one of three PTSD groups -current PTSD, recovered PTSD and non-PTSD. Groups were subsequently compared in regard to experiential avoidance. Results indicated significantly higher rates of experiential avoidance and psychological distress in the current PTSD group as compared with the recovered PTSD and non-PTSD groups. The recovered PTSD and non-PTSD groups did not significantly differ

Konzept und Praxis des Zertifikats "Bildung - Transformation - Nachhaltigkeit (BTN)". BNE in der Lehrerbildung

Wir stehen vor zahlreichen globalen Herausforderungen: Klimawandel, Artensterben, Ressourcenverknappung etc. Aber was sind die genauen Hintergründe, welche Lösungsansätze gibt es und wie kann ich diese mit Schülerinnen und Schülern erarbeiten? Lehrpersonen nehmen eine wichtige Rolle ein, wenn es um die Förderung von Kompetenzen im Kontext Transformation zu einer nachhaltigen Gesellschaft geht. Die Ausbildung im Bereich Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) ist jedoch eine hochschuldidaktische Schwachstelle: Bislang sind die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen nicht gegeben, um BNE in allen Lehramtsstudiengängen zu integrieren. Mit dem am Standort Landau der Universität Koblenz-Landau zum Wintersemester 2016/17 eingeführten Zertifikat Bildung - Transformation - Nachhaltigkeit (BTN) soll aufgezeigt werden, wie BNE in die Hochschulbildung implementiert werden kann. Das Zertifikat bietet Lehramtsstudierenden aller Fächer und Schulformen die Möglichkeit, sich in fünf Modulen wissenschaftlich fundiert, multiperspektivisch und praxisorientiert mit Aspekten nachhaltiger Entwicklung auseinanderzusetzen. (DIPF/Orig.)Today we face many global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss or shortage of resources. But what are the reasons? Are there sustainable solutions? And how to give students an understanding of these sustainability problems as well as competencies to assess them? Teachers should play a predominant role in developing competencies to promote sustainable development. However, despite many declarations, little has been achieved in terms of embedding education for sustainable development (ESD) holistically in the curriculum of teacher training. Since winter semester 2016/17, teacher students of all school types and subjects of the University Koblenz-Landau have the possibility to attend the certificate Bildung - Transformation - Nachhaltigkeit (Education - Transformation - Sustainability). In five modules, the certificate offers teacher students, of all disciplines and school forms the opportunity to engage scientifically, multiperspectively and practice-oriented with aspects of sustainable development. This certificate shows a way to implement ESD in teacher education. (DIPF/Orig.

Are th...

We operationalize scientific output in a region by means of the number of articles (as in the SciSearch database) per year and technology output by means of the number of patent applications (as in the database of the European Patent Office) per priority year. All informetric analyses were done using the DIALOG online-system. The main research questions are the following: Which scientific and technological fields or topics are most influent within a region and which institutions or companies are mainly publishing articles or holding patents? Do the distributions of regional science and technology fields and of publishing institutions follow the well-known informetric function? Are there – as it is expected – only few fields and few institutions which dominate th