26 research outputs found
Simulating Anisotropic Thermal Conduction in Supernova Remnants, Implications for the Interstellar Medium
We present a large number of two and a half dimensional simulations of
supernova remnants expanding into interstellar media having a range of
densities, temperatures and magnetic field strengths. The volume of hot gas
produced is strongly dependent on the inclusion of thermal conduction and
magnetic fields. The four-volumes and three-areas of hot gas have been
catalogued and their dependence on interstellar parameters documented.
Simulated line widths of radioactive species ejected by supernovae have also
been catalogued
Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress
In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ââGreenâ Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instrumentsâ development and satellite missionsâ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion
Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress
In 2018 we celebrated 25âŻyears of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology.
The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the âGreenâ Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instrumentsâ development and satellite missionsâ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion
Discovery of Selective Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitors with Memory Enhancing Properties
A series of potent
thienotriazolopyrimidinone-based PDE1 inhibitors
was discovered. X-ray crystal structures of example compounds from
this series in complex with the catalytic domain of PDE1B and PDE10A
were determined, allowing optimization of PDE1B potency and PDE selectivity.
Reduction of hERG affinity led to greater than a 3000-fold selectivity
for PDE1B over hERG. 6-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-9-((tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-4-yl)Âmethyl)-8,9,10,11-tetraÂhydroÂpyridoÂ[4âČ,3âČ:4,5]ÂthienoÂ[3,2-<i>e</i>]Â[1,2,4]ÂtriazoloÂ[1,5-<i>c</i>]Âpyrimidin-5Â(6<i>H</i>)-one was identified as an orally bioavailable and brain
penetrating PDE1B enzyme inhibitor with potent memory-enhancing effects
in a rat model of object recognition memory
Discovery of Selective Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitors with Memory Enhancing Properties
A series of potent
thienotriazolopyrimidinone-based PDE1 inhibitors
was discovered. X-ray crystal structures of example compounds from
this series in complex with the catalytic domain of PDE1B and PDE10A
were determined, allowing optimization of PDE1B potency and PDE selectivity.
Reduction of hERG affinity led to greater than a 3000-fold selectivity
for PDE1B over hERG. 6-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-9-((tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-4-yl)Âmethyl)-8,9,10,11-tetraÂhydroÂpyridoÂ[4âČ,3âČ:4,5]ÂthienoÂ[3,2-<i>e</i>]Â[1,2,4]ÂtriazoloÂ[1,5-<i>c</i>]Âpyrimidin-5Â(6<i>H</i>)-one was identified as an orally bioavailable and brain
penetrating PDE1B enzyme inhibitor with potent memory-enhancing effects
in a rat model of object recognition memory