Macroscopia da orofaringe de Ema

The rhea (Rhea americana americana) is an american bird belonging to Ratite's family. Studies related to its morphology are still scarce. This study aims to describe the macroscopic structures of the oropharyngeal cavity. Five heads (2 to 6 months old) formalin preserved were anatomically dissected to expose the oropharynx. The oropharynx of the rhea was "bell-shaped" composed by the maxillary and mandibular rhamphotheca. The roof and floor presented two distinct regions different in colour of the mucosa. The rostral region was pale pink contrasting to grey coloured caudal region. The median longitudinal ridge extended rostrally from the apex of the choana to the tip of the beak in the roof and it is clearly more prominent and rigid than the homolog in the floor that appeared thin and stretched merely along the rostral portion of the regio interramalis. The floor was formed by the interramal region, (regio interramalis) tongue and laryngeal mound containing glove-shaped glottis. This study confirmed the basic morphology of the oropharinx of the rhea. However, important morphological information not previously described is highlighted and contradictory information present in the literature is clarified

description of the methodological approach

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Gross morphology of rhea oropharyngeal cavity Macroscopia da orofaringe de Ema

The rhea (Rhea americana americana) is an american bird belonging to Ratite's family. Studies related to its morphology are still scarce. This study aims to describe the macroscopic structures of the oropharyngeal cavity. Five heads (2 to 6 months old) formalin preserved were anatomically dissected to expose the oropharynx. The oropharynx of the rhea was "bell-shaped" composed by the maxillary and mandibular rhamphotheca. The roof and floor presented two distinct regions different in colour of the mucosa. The rostral region was pale pink contrasting to grey coloured caudal region. The median longitudinal ridge extended rostrally from the apex of the choana to the tip of the beak in the roof and it is clearly more prominent and rigid than the homolog in the floor that appeared thin and stretched merely along the rostral portion of the regio interramalis. The floor was formed by the interramal region, (regio interramalis) tongue and laryngeal mound containing glove-shaped glottis. This study confirmed the basic morphology of the oropharinx of the rhea. However, important morphological information not previously described is highlighted and contradictory information present in the literature is clarified.A ema é uma ave Americana pertencente à familia das Ratitas. Estudos relacionados a sua morfologia são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as estruturas macroscópicas da cavidade orofaríngea. Cinco cabeças (dois a seis meses de idade) de emas fixadas em formol foram dissecadas para a exposição da orofaringe. A orofaringe das emas apresentou formato de "sino" composta pela ranfoteca maxilar e mandibular. O teto e o assoalho apresentavam duas regiões distintas com diferenças na coloração da mucosa. A região rostral era rosa clara contrastando com a coloração cinza da região caudal. A linha longitudinal mediana se estendia rostralmente do ápice da coana ate a extremidade do bico no teto e esta era bem proeminente e rígida quanto a mesma estrutura no assoalho, esta apresentou-se estendida ao longo da porção rostral da região interramal. O assoalho estava formado pela região interramal, língua, glote e cartilagens da laringe com formato de dedos de luvas. O estudo confirma a morfologia básica da orofaringe das emas. Entretanto, importantes informações morfológicas não descritas anteriormente são destacadas e informações contraditórias presentes na literatura são esclarecidas

Käytännön kosteikkosuunnittelu

Maatalouden vesiensuojelua edistetään monin tavoin. Ravinteita ja eroosioainesta sisältäviä valumavesiä pyritään puhdistamaan erilaisissa kosteikoissa. Tämä opas on kirjoitettu avuksi pienimuotoisten kosteikkojen perustamiseen. Oppaassa esitetään käytännönläheisesti kosteikon toteuttamisen eri vaiheet paikan valinnasta suunnitteluun ja rakentamiseen. Vuonna 2010 julkaistun painoksen tiedot on saatettu ajantasalle. Julkaisu on toteutettu osana Tehoa maatalouden vesiensuojeluun (TEHO) -hanketta ja päivitetty TEHO Plus -hankkeen toimesta. Oppaan toivotaan lisäävän kiinnostusta kosteikkojen suunnitteluun ja edelleen niiden rakentamiseen