666 research outputs found
The Concept of Curiosity in the Practice of Philosophy for Children
Philosophy for Children is, at its core, an educational movement that started in the 1970s and it is currently practiced in over 60 countries. Rather than teaching children philosophy, it aims to develop thinking, inquiry and reasoning skills by means of intellectual interaction and by questioning both with the facilitator and amongst themselves. Thus it creates a community of inquiry. This movement has created a sound literature within philosophy of education which indirectly relates to issues in meta-philosophy, epistemology and philosophy of childhood. Despite the fact that Philosophy for Children is a movement which is predominantly based on questioning and inquiry, there is little emphasis on curiosity within its literature. This is not surprising because even in philosophy literature the concept of curiosity was ignored until quite recently. Producing the fi rst book-length treatment of curiosity within philosophy literature, Ä°nan provides a philosophical framework on how human curiosity is possible and how it finds expression. The notion of inostensible conceptualization, which Ä°nan has developed and central to his theory of curiosity, could be utilized in order to demonstrate the significance of curiosity within Philosophy for Children. Philosophy for Children sessions are usually centered around a philosophical concept such as fairness, egoism, and identity. In this paper I argue that the in-class discussions in Philosophy for Children practice enable children to realize that the concept in question is inostensible for them. That is, they do not have all the knowledge about this specific concept. In order to explain the concept of curiosity in P4C sessions, I have developed two notions: the first notion is curiosity-arouser, which I utilize to explain how the community of inquiry could better concentrate on and discuss the inostensible concept. The second notion is joint curiosity, which I have developed in analogy to the trans-disciplinary notion of joint attention. Similar to the positive impact of joint attention on child development, I argue that joint curiosity has positive outcomes for childrenâs inquiry and questioning. I explain these notions in detail by providing examples of Philosophy for Children sessions. My overall aim is to emphasize the importance of curiosity in order for this practice to reach its fundamental aims. The practitioners and those who prepare materials have to take into consideration the concept of curiosity and must equip themselves with an understanding of it
XAI-CF -- Examining the Role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Forensics
With the rise of complex cyber devices Cyber Forensics (CF) is facing many
new challenges. For example, there are dozens of systems running on
smartphones, each with more than millions of downloadable applications. Sifting
through this large amount of data and making sense requires new techniques,
such as from the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). To apply these
techniques successfully in CF, we need to justify and explain the results to
the stakeholders of CF, such as forensic analysts and members of the court, for
them to make an informed decision. If we want to apply AI successfully in CF,
there is a need to develop trust in AI systems. Some other factors in accepting
the use of AI in CF are to make AI authentic, interpretable, understandable,
and interactive. This way, AI systems will be more acceptable to the public and
ensure alignment with legal standards. An explainable AI (XAI) system can play
this role in CF, and we call such a system XAI-CF. XAI-CF is indispensable and
is still in its infancy. In this paper, we explore and make a case for the
significance and advantages of XAI-CF. We strongly emphasize the need to build
a successful and practical XAI-CF system and discuss some of the main
requirements and prerequisites of such a system. We present a formal definition
of the terms CF and XAI-CF and a comprehensive literature review of previous
works that apply and utilize XAI to build and increase trust in CF. We discuss
some challenges facing XAI-CF. We also provide some concrete solutions to these
challenges. We identify key insights and future research directions for
building XAI applications for CF. This paper is an effort to explore and
familiarize the readers with the role of XAI applications in CF, and we believe
that our work provides a promising basis for future researchers interested in
XAI-CF
The Reshaping Oil and Arms Trade between the United States and GCC: Is the Theory of Complex Interdependence Still Prevailing?
This paper makes use of interdependence theory to analyse the historical development of the economic relations between the GCC countries and the United States. The focus will be on oil and arms trade between the GCC countries and the United States. The results show that while the military and security dependence of the GCC countries on the United States remains relatively intact, the dependence of the United States on the natural resources of the GCC region has decreased. In light of this, the paper suggests that the historical interdependence between the GCC countries and the United States has recently evolved into a unilateral dependence and that the GCC countriesâ natural resources are directed towards Asian countries
On the Sound Speed in Neutron Stars
Determining the sound speed in compact stars is an important open
question with numerous implications on the behaviour of matter at large
densities and hence on gravitational-wave emission from neutron stars. To this
scope, we construct more than equations of state (EOSs) with continuous
sound speed and build more than nonrotating stellar models consistent
not only with nuclear theory and perturbative QCD, but also with astronomical
observations. In this way, we find that EOSs with sub-conformal sound speeds,
i.e. with within the stars, are possible in principle but very
unlikely in practice, being only of our sample. Hence, it is natural
to expect that somewhere in the stellar interior. Using our large
sample, we obtain estimates at credibility of neutron-star radii for
representative stars with and solar masses,
, , and for the binary tidal deformability of the GW170817 event,
. Interestingly, our lower-bounds on
the radii are in very good agreement with the prediction derived from very
different arguments, namely, the threshold mass. Finally, we provide simple
analytic expressions to determine the minimum and maximum values of
as a function of the chirp mass.Comment: 7 pages + Supplemental Material, 5 figures, comments welcom
DIPL 3851/CORE 3851 Religion, Law, War
This course will examine wars of religion and religious views of war, focusing particularly on how religion has informed the international laws of war. We are living through an era fraught with religious warfare - wars animated by religious conflict and wars that use religious abuse as weapons to demoralize and subdue the enemy. The course will focus on three major religious traditions (primarily Judaism, Christianity and Islam) and set in dialogue their respective views of war, assess their contributions to the contemporary laws of war, and examine particular historical episodes of religious conflict - as well as contrary episodes of religious toleration
Whirl measurements on leakage flows in turbomachine models
The beneficial effects claimed for whirl control devices demonstrate that the dynamic behavior of rotors is influenced by the fluid whirl in shaft and balance drum seals. The present paper reports results from two series of experiments, the first on the factors affecting the whirl at the seal inlet, and the second on the variation of whirl velocity along the seal. In both cases the LDA measurement technique required the clearance between the fixed and rotating parts of the models to be substantially greater than occurs in real machines, but the results are indicative nevertheless. Experimental and theoretical results are given for the radial distribution of whirl velocity in the gap between impeller shroud and pump casing. Results of tests with modified stator surfaces are also shown. This work leads naturally into the second series of experiments where some preliminary measurements of velocity distribution in the clearance between a fixed stator and a rotating shaft are reported for a range of inlet whirl conditions
Flow Experiences in Physical Education Classes: The Role of Perceived Motivational Climate and Situational Motivation
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of perceived motivational climate and situational motivation levels on dispositional flow in physical education classes. 242 boys (Mage=13.38; SD=0.95) and 251 girls (Mage=13.27; SD=0.88) a total of 493 secondary school students (Mage=13.32; SD=0.91) voluntarily participated in this study. Physical Education Situational Motivational Scale, Learning and Performance Orientation in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire and Physical Education Dispositional Flow Scale-2 were administered to all participants. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that identified regulation, intrinsic motivation, pupil learning climate and teacher-initiated learning explained a significant amount of variance in dispositional flow in physical education (p<0.05). The pupil learning climate, identified regulation and leisure time sport participation were the strongest predictors, respectively. These findings suggested that promoting mastery-oriented climate, self-determined situational motivation, and participation in sport will foster dispositional flow in the physical education setting
Explaining Contentious Energy Policy: Coxian Structural Forces, Environmental Issues, and the Keystone XL Pipeline
The Keystone XL (KXL) pipeline is one of the most polarised examples of contemporary American energy politics. The pipeline policy process has not been stable, so it should be analysed over time via a holistic, historical view of interacting dimensions. Robert Coxâs theoretical notions of the âmaterialsâideasâinstitutionsâ balance are drawn upon to understand how actorsâ motivations behind policy development were re-shaped through temporal processes over nearly two decades. A critical feature identified is how such interacting dimensions became significant according to specific US presidential administrations: each, in turn, shifting the direction of decision-making around KXL. The articleâs originality lies in operationalising the theory to give an alternative, dynamic explanation for policy motivations around the KXL while also establishing a novel theoretical lens to generally view such policy development
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