Partially Demineralized Macroporous (PDM) Allografts for Cranial Tissue Engineering

poster abstractDecompressive Craniectomy is a cranial surgery where a large part of the cranial bone is removed in order to mitigate swelling in the brain tissue. Consequently, a scaffold biomaterial is required to substitute the lost bone. Ideal cranioplasty biomaterials should have the following features: fit the cranial defect and achieve complete closure, radiolucency, resistance to infections, no dilation with heat, resistance to biomechanical wear, pliability, and inexpensive. Partially Demineralized Macroporous (PDM) allografts exhibit such properties to correct these cranial defects. The main objectives of this study include: (1) examining the effects of demineralization and macroporosity formations on the mechanical and biological properties of allograft bone disks; (2) conducting finite element analysis (FEA) to stimulate the mechanical properties of the PDM allografts; and (3) evaluating the in vitro response of the PDM allografts utilizing pre-osteoblast cell lines. Tibias were harvested from Ossabaw mini-pigs and cylindrical cortical bone sections of 2 mm in thickness and 8 mm in diameter were obtained. Macropores of 600 micrometers in diameter were created to generate porosity levels of 0-40% in the bone disks. The bone disks were then demineralized in 14-wt% EDTA for 6 to 48 hours at 37℃. The relative stiffness was determined for each class using a material testing machine with a loading rate of 1 mm/min using a piston-on-ring set up. To analyze the deformation characteristics, FEA software LS-DYNA was employed. In order to understand the in vitro response, biocompatibility of PDM scaffolds were evaluated by culturing MC3T3-E1 cell lines where XTT and ALP assays were conducted. PDM allografts display the suitable stiffness required for cranial defects. The PDM allograft scaffolds aid in osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell lines in vitro. However, there will be further in vivo testing regarding the validity of PDM allografts in rat cranial defects. Mentor: Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, Department of Restorative DentistryDecompressive Craniectomy is a cranial surgery where a large part of the cranial bone is removed in order to mitigate swelling in the brain tissue. Consequently, a scaffold biomaterial is required to substitute the lost bone. Ideal cranioplasty biomaterials should have the following features: fit the cranial defect and achieve complete closure, radiolucency, resistance to infections, no dilation with heat, resistance to biomechanical wear, pliability, and inexpensive. Partially Demineralized Macroporous (PDM) allografts exhibit such properties to correct these cranial defects. The main objectives of this study include: (1) examining the effects of demineralization and macroporosity formations on the mechanical and biological properties of allograft bone disks; (2) conducting finite element analysis (FEA) to stimulate the mechanical properties of the PDM allografts; and (3) evaluating the in vitro response of the PDM allografts utilizing pre-osteoblast cell lines. Tibias were harvested from Ossabaw mini-pigs and cylindrical cortical bone sections of 2 mm in thickness and 8 mm in diameter were obtained. Macropores of 600 micrometers in diameter were created to generate porosity levels of 0-40% in the bone disks. The bone disks were then demineralized in 14-wt% EDTA for 6 to 48 hours at 37℃. The relative stiffness was determined for each class using a material testing machine with a loading rate of 1 mm/min using a piston-on-ring set up. To analyze the deformation characteristics, FEA software LS-DYNA was employed. In order to understand the in vitro response, biocompatibility of PDM scaffolds were evaluated by culturing MC3T3-E1 cell lines where XTT and ALP assays were conducted. PDM allografts display the suitable stiffness required for cranial defects. The PDM allograft scaffolds aid in osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell lines in vitro. However, there will be further in vivo testing regarding the validity of PDM allografts in rat cranial defects

Exact theory and approximations for optical resonators in a changing external medium

Finding reliably and efficiently the spectrum of the resonant states of an optical system under varying parameters of the medium surrounding it is a technologically important task, primarily due to various sensing applications. Computationally, it presents, however, a fundamental challenge owing to the nature of the eigenstates of an open system lacking completeness outside it. We solve this challenge by making a linear transformation of Maxwell's equations which maps perturbations of the surrounding medium onto effective perturbations within the system where the resonant states are complete. By treating such perturbations with a rigorous resonant-state expansion, we find the modified modes of the system for arbitrary homogeneous perturbations of the medium with any required accuracy. A numerically efficient single-mode approximation is shown to be highly accurate, as illustrated for various plasmonic nanoparticles, including gold nanospheres and silver bowtie antennas

Thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel diseases: a report from Saudi Arabia

Thromboembolism (TE) is a serious but under-recognized complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is specially so in developing countries where the incidence of IBD is low. In Saudi Arabia, IBD is considered to be rare, but the incidence is increasing. Where the clinical manifestations resemble those of developed countries, TE as a complication of IBD is considered to be very rare. This report describes six IBD patients with TE. This importance of the complication of TE is stressed, and physicians caring for these patients should be aware of it in order to obviate potential morbidity and mortality

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Heart Failure Patients: Insights from a Comprehensive Analysis and Machine Learning Model Using the Jordanian Heart Failure Registry [Corrigendum]

Izraiq M, Almousa E, Hammoudeh S, et al. Int J Gen Med. 2024;17:2253–2264. The authors have advised that there are percentage errors in the DM (n=1388) and No DM (n=619) columns in Table 1 on page 2256. The correct Table 1 is as follows. Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure The authors apologize for these errors

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly