La interacción comunicativa en el cuidado de la salud = The communicative interaction in healthcare

Resumen: Este artículo pretende mostrar algunos elementos clave en la comunicación en salud. Inicialmente se mostrarán algunas de las bases filosóficas y epistemológicas que fundamentan la comunicación como proceso de interacción y afectación reciproca de los seres humanos. Posteriormente, ahondaremos en la manera en cómo el proceso de comunicación afecta las intervenciones en salud, realizadas en nuestra práctica profesional. Se destacará la importancia de profundizar en los conceptos y premisas que fundamentan la lógica relacional humana y la distintas dimensiones de la comunicación. El tener un conocimiento preciso de la manera en que se desarrolla cualquier transacción humana nos permitirá reflexionar en qué medida estamos preparados para establecer intervenciones de carácter terapéutico en el contexto sanitario. Palabras clave: Comunicación en salud, Relaciones interpersonales, Uso terapéutico Abstract: This article intends to show some key elements about the communication in health environments. Initially some philosophical and epistemological bases supporting the communication as an interaction that affects reciprocally human beings are shown. Subsequently, the article examines in great detail the way in which the communicative process affects health interventions performed in our professional practice. It emphasizes the importance of studying in depth the concepts and premises that support the human relationship logic. Having an accurate knowledge about the way in which every human transaction is developed will allow us to think about our preparation to establish therapeutic interventions in health environments. Keywords: Communication in health, Interpersonal relationships, Therapeutic usag

Reflexiones sobre la comunicación interpersonal = Reflections about interpersonal communication

Resumen: Introducción: cada uno de nosotros captamos e interpretamos subjetivamente la realidad que nos rodea; según esta captación o interpretación así nos comunicamos. Objetivo: realizar una reflexión sobre algunos aspectos que nos permitan desarrollar una comunicación interpersonal más eficaz. Método: a través de la reflexión sobre distintas teorías se construye un sencillo esquema que poder seguir para adquirir conciencia y habilidades comunicativas. Resultados: el enramado proceso comunicativo está influenciado por diversos factores. La percepción es una fuente de conceptualización propia de cada individuo, aunque en determinadas circunstancias puede abordar a un colectivo con experiencias y expectativas similares. Las creencias y valores, tienen también carácter individual y subjetivo; puede comprender a colectivos, familias e incluso formar parte de la cultura de un grupo más o menos amplio de personas. Estas disparidades pueden pronunciarse tanto por parte del paciente como del profesional sanitario, desencadenando conflictos y desacuerdos que requieren de destrezas para clarificar y consensuar las intervenciones a realizar. Conclusión: la capacidad de adquirir y desarrollar herramientas de comunicación, influirá sustancialmente en el tipo de interacción que mantengamos con nuestros pacientes; siendo importante, priorizar la capacidad de empatía y de sensibilización con la realidad del paciente partiendo de la suya propia.Palabras clave: Enfermería, Paciente, Comunicación, Relaciones Interpersonales Abstract: Introduction: each one of us interprets the reality that surrounds us in a subjective way; we are able to communicate according to this catchment or interpretation. Aim: realise a reflection on some appearances that allow us to develop an interpersonal and more effective communication. Method: through the reflection on different theories, it is possible to build a simple diagram to follow in order to purchase consciousness and communicative skills. Results: the communicative process is influenced by diverse factors. The perception is a source of conceptualization own of each individual, although in determinate circumstances can address to a community with similar experiences and expectations. Beliefs and values, have also individual and subjective character; it can comprise to communities, families and even be part of the culture of a more or less wide group of people. These disparities - showed by patients or by health professionals-, unchaining conflicts and disagreements that require skills to clarify and to consensus interventions to realise. Conclusion: the capacity to purchase and develop tools of communication, will influence substantially in the type of interaction that are supported by our patients; being important, to prioritise the capacity of empathy and of sensitisation with the reality of the patient splitting of his own. Keywords: Nursing, Patient, Communication, Interpersonal relation

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Compressed representation of a partially defined integer function over multiple arguments

In OLAP (OnLine Analitical Processing) data are analysed in an n-dimensional cube. The cube may be represented as a partially defined function over n arguments. Considering that often the function is not defined everywhere, we ask: is there a known way of representing the function or the points in which it is defined, in a more compact manner than the trivial one

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO

INPUT DEVICE RESEARCH FOR DIGITAL PATHOLOGY. AN ERGONOMIC OUTLOOK

Introduction/ Background Digital Pathology represents a technological innovation that introduces changes in the traditional work of pathologists. In this regard, an important issue that has not been enough emphasized is the image handling from an ergonomic point of view to avoid work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Aims The aim of this study was to investigate a proper input device for digital pathology. Methods Research was conducted in two phases: 1. Comparative study to find an optimal external controller. Eight medical students analyzed 11 input devices: keyboard (HP), conventional mouse (HP), vertical mouse (CLS), touchpad (Logitech), 3 trackballs (Logitech, Kensington Expert and Ulove), Rollermouse (Contour), Ergopointer (Märzhäuser Sensotech), gamepad (Logitech) and a touchless device (Leap-Motion), using them with the Image Viewer software (Ventana). The web-based Fitts´ law test (UC Berkeley) was used to objectify the accuracy of each device, randomly. 12 items were included in the questionnaire: comfort, technical aspects (cursor movement and objective achievement), prospects, overall satisfaction, prior experience, and others. 2. Evaluation by two experienced pathologists (MPR and ANO, 55 and 50 year-old, respectively) the best rated input device and comparison with a voice recognition system (Invox Medical Dictation) using a headset microphone (Plantronics), rating perceived workload using NASA Task Load Index with 28 whole slide images. Digital Image Hub (Leica) with a 4 MegaPixel display (Barco) was used. Data were processed with SPSS 21.0. Results Correlation between technical aspects of the evaluated devices and accuracy (Fitts´ law test), and comfort with overall satisfaction existed (p<0.05). The assessment concluded that vertical mouse was the best rated input device. However, it has a slightly higher perceived workload in comparison with the voice recognition system, which was the proper controller for digital pathology in this study. Conclusion: We describe a methodology that can study and compare input devices for future workstations in digital pathology. Pathologists should be involved in this process trying to find ergonomic devices that prevent MSD. Voice recognition can function as a good handsfree device for digital pathology and could be considered in physical disability situations. Further studies using electromyography, accelerometry and 3D reconstruction analysis could provide additional ergonomic information

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for new physics with same-sign isolated dilepton events with jets and missing transverse energy

A search for new physics is performed in events with two same-sign isolated leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 inverse femtobarns produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This constitutes a factor of 140 increase in integrated luminosity over previously published results. The observed yields agree with the standard model predictions and thus no evidence for new physics is found. The observations are used to set upper limits on possible new physics contributions and to constrain supersymmetric models. To facilitate the interpretation of the data in a broader range of new physics scenarios, information on the event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is provided.Comment: Published in Physical Review Letter