Antioxidants activity and cholesterol regulation effect of Caralluma flava N.E.Br extract in HepG2 cells

Herbal medicine has a long-standing history in many locations in Yemen and continue to provide useful and applicable tools for treating ailments. The objectives of the present study are to investigate antioxidant activity and cholesterol regulatory effect of Caralluma flava N.E.Br methanolic extract (CFM) through chemical and molecular approaches. CFM afforded the yield of 18 % (w/w) through methanolic extraction and contained considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds (9.22 ± 1.4 mg/g) and 3.35 ± 0.16 mg/g respectively). Antioxidant activity assays revealed that CFM are effective antioxidant with 76.8% DPPH scavenging activity bleaching inhibitory activity. Result from ß-carotene–linoleic acid assay shows that CFM efficiently retarded the oxidation of linoleic acid in the reaction system compared to control. CFM regulate the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA level was significantly up-regulated by 1.3, 2.4 and 3.2 fold compared to control cells. The mRNA level of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCOA) was significantly suppressed by 12, 30 and 50% in a dose dependent manner compared to the control cells treated with 20, 50 and 100 µg/ml of CFM respectively. Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) gene was up-regulated by 1.7 and 2.2 fold and apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100) gene was suppressed by 11% and 24% in HepG2 cells treated with 50 and 100 µg/ml of CFM respectively, compared to control cells.  In conclusion, CFM is a potential cardioprotector through enhancement of cholesterol regulation and exertion of antioxidant activity

ANTI-OBESITY EFFECTS OF PULICARIA JAUBERTII E. GAMAL-ELDIN IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED RATS

Background: Pulicaria jaubertii E. Gamal-Eldin is a traditional medicine and flavoring used in Yemen where a large number of people depend on herbal plants to treat their ailments. This study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of Pulicaria jaubertii leaves and flowers aqueous extract (PJAE) and Pulicaria jaubertii leaves and flowers in powder form mixed with diet (PJPD) on obesity induced rats by high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Obesity was experimentally induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by feeding them a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The rats were divided into 3 groups, the HFD control group, whereas the rats fed HFD only and the PJAE group where the rats fed HFD + PJAE and PJPD where the rats fed HFD + PJPD. PJAE was administrated by gavage at 1g/kg body weight and the activity of PJPD was determined as oral administration at 10% of the diet.  Food intake and gain weight were taken once a week and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment for lipid profile analysis, glucose level and toxicity parameter including liver and kidney functions parameters. Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in the percentage of weight gain and in the PJPD group at the fifth and sixth weeks of treatment compared to the HFD control rats. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of blood triglycerides in the PJPD compared to the HFD group. Where no significant change was observed in the percentage of weight gain and triglyceride level in the PJAE group compared to the HFD control rats. Also, there was no significant changes in all the tested parameters including, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzymes and creatinine and urea levels. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that the leaves and flowers of Pulicaria jaubertii mixed with HFD had an anti-obesity effect in rats fed with HFD, and the anti-obesity effects of PJ could be attributed to the phytochemicals present. Therefore, the current study scientifically confirms the traditional use of PJ as a potential candidate for body weight loss.                           Peer Review History: Received: 7 September 2020; Revised: 11 October; Accepted: 25 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected] Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected] Similar Articles: ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG HEALTHY WITHOUT DIABETES IN SUDAN USING THE FINDRISC TOO

Monechma ciliatum methanolic extract regulates low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes expression in HepG2 cells

Monechma ciliatum methanolic extract (MCME) obtained from Monechma ciliatum seedcake showed high total phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. The regulatory effects of MCME at 10, 20 and 50 μg/ml on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were investigated in human HepG2 cell line using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LDLR mRNA level was increased significantly by 1.4, 2.6 and 4.3 fold in MCME treated cells at 10, 20 and 50, respectively, compared to untreated cells. Whereas, HMGCR mRNA level was decreased significantly by 38, 63 and 80% in MCME treated cells at 10, 20 and 50, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The effect of MCME was concentration dependent, and different doses showed significant differences in regulation of both LDLR and HMGCR genes. The present study showed that MCME effectively regulated the expression of LDLR and HMGCR genes influencing the cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.Keywords: Antioxidant activity, ß-carotene-linoleic acid assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), gene expression, low density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, Monechma ciliatum.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(36), pp. 5813-5819, 6 September, 201

Prickly pear seed oil extraction, chemical characterization and potential health benefits

4openInternationalBothPrickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) is a member of the Cactaceae family originally grown in South America, and the plant is now distributed to many parts of the world, including the Middle East. The chemical composition and biological activities of different parts of prickly pear, including cladodes, flowers, fruit, seeds and seed oil, were previously investigated. Oil from the seeds has been known for its nutritive value and can be potentially used for health promotion. This review is an effort to cover what is actually known to date about the prickly pear seeds oil extraction, characteristics, chemical composition and potential health benefits to provide inspiration for the need of further investigation and future research. Prickly pear seeds oil has been extracted using different extraction techniques from conventional to advanced. Chemical characterization of the oil has been sufficiently studied, and it is sufficiently understood that the oil is a high linoleic oil. Its composition is influenced by the variety and environment and also by the method of extraction. The health benefits of the prickly pear seed oil were reported by many researchers. For future research, additional studies are warranted on mechanisms of action of the reported biological activities to develop nutraceutical products for the prevention of various chronic human diseasesopenAl-Naqeb, Ghanya; Fiori, Luca; Ciolli, Marco; Aprea, EugenioAl-Naqeb, G.; Fiori, L.; Ciolli, M.; Aprea, E

Vanillin rich fraction regulates LDLR and HMGCR gene expression in HepG2 cells.

Vanillin and its analogs have been exploited for their various health benefits. This work aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties and regulatory effects of vanillin rich fraction (VRF) extracted from vanilla pods using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and commercial vanillin on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) gene expression in HepG2 cells. The vanillin content in the VRF was 2.6% (w/w) obtained at a temperature of 80 °C and a pressure of 600 bar. The VRF exhibited better antioxidant activity compared to the vanillin in DPPH and BCB tests. LDLR mRNA level was increased significantly by 2, 3 and 1.3 fold in the VRF treated cells at 100, 200 and vanillin treated cells at 100, respectively, compared with untreated cells. On the other hand, the HMGCR mRNA level was decreased significantly by 14, 58 and 13% respectively, in the VRF treated cells at 100, 200 and V treated cells at 100, respectively, compared with untreated cells. The VRF showed potential antioxidant activity and regulated genes involved in cholesterol metabolism including LDLR and HMGCR in dose-dependent manner

Ice cream as a vehicle for incorporating health-promoting ingredients: conceptualizationand overview of quality and storage stability aspects

Ice cream is a product with peculiar textural and organoleptic features and is highly appreciated by a very broad spectrum of consumers. Ice cream’s structure and colloidal design, together with its low-temperature storage, renders it a very promising carrier for the stabilization and in vivo delivery of bioactive compounds and beneficial microorganisms. To date, many applications related to the design and development of functional ice cream have been documented, including products containing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary fibers, natural antioxidants such as polyphenols, essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and low glycemic index blends and blends fortified with mineral or trace elements. In this review, promising strategies for the incorporation of innovative functional additives to ice cream through the use of techniques such as microencapsulation, anoemulsions, and oleogels are discussed, and current insights into the implications of matrix, processing, and digestion on bioactive compounds in frozen dairy desserts are comprehensively reviewed, thereby providing a holistic overview of the current and emerging trends in this functional food sector

The Impact of Evolutionary Driving Forces on Human Complex Diseases: A Population Genetics Approach

Investigating the molecular evolution of human genome has paved the way to understand genetic adaptation of humans to the environmental changes and corresponding complex diseases. In this review, we discussed the historical origin of genetic diversity among human populations, the evolutionary driving forces that can affect genetic diversity among populations, and the effects of human movement into new environments and gene flow on population genetic diversity. Furthermore, we presented the role of natural selection on genetic diversity and complex diseases. Then we reviewed the disadvantageous consequences of historical selection events in modern time and their relation to the development of complex diseases. In addition, we discussed the effect of consanguinity on the incidence of complex diseases in human populations. Finally, we presented the latest information about the role of ancient genes acquired from interbreeding with ancient hominids in the development of complex diseases

Monechma ciliatum methanolic extract regulates low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase genes expression in HepG2 cells

Monechma ciliatum methanolic extract (MCME) obtained from Monechma ciliatum seed cake showed high total phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. The regulatory effects of MCME at 10, 20 and 50 μg/ml on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were investigated in human HepG2 cell line using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LDLR mRNA level was increased significantly by 1.4, 2.6 and 4.3 fold in MCME treated cells at 10, 20 and 50, respectively, compared to untreated cells. Whereas, HMGCR mRNA level was decreased significantly by 38, 63 and 80% in MCME treated cells at 10, 20 and 50, respectively, compared to untreated cells. The effect of MCME was concentration dependent, and different doses showed significant differences in regulation of both LDLR and HMGCR genes. The present study showed that MCME effectively regulated the expression of LDLR and HMGCR genes influencing the cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells

Beneficial Effects of Plant Oils Supplementation on Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies

: Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a 38.5 chronic neurological autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system, and its incidence is increasing globally. At present, there is no cure for this disease, and with its severity and disabling variety, it is important to search for possibilities that could help to slow its progression. It is recognized that the mechanisms of MS pathology, its development and degree of activity can be affected by dietary factors. In this review, the beneficial health effects of 10 plants oils-mainly seed oils, including pomegranate seed oil, sesame oil, acer truncatum bunge seed oil, hemp seeds oil, evening primrose seed oil, coconut oil, walnut oil, essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus seeds, flaxseed oil and olive oil-on MS are discussed. The literature data indicate that plant oils could be effective for the treatment of MS and its related symptoms primarily through reducing inflammation, promoting remyelination, immunomodulation and inhibiting oxidative stress. Plant oils may potentially reduce MS progression. Longitudinal research including a larger sample size with a longer duration is essential to confirm the findings from the selected plant oils. Moreover, new plant oils should be studied for their potential MS benefit