Mesures couplées de vibrations d'aile et de forces en régime turbulent

International audienceSuite à l'observation de vibrations d'un profil NACA0015 soumis à un écoulement turbulent, une technique de mesure de surface d'un solide a été développée pour caractériser les modes vibratoires. Cet article présente en détail le fonctionnement de la technique HNC (Hauteur, Normale, Courbure) utilisée pour caractériser les déplacements du profil. La précision de la mesure de surface est évaluée et les déplacements sont mesurés pour des vitesses d'écoulement allant de 0. 3/ à 2 /. Enfin les déplacements du profil sont corrélés avec des mesures d'efforts réalisées simultanément aux mesures de surface

Involvement of the V2 Vasopressin Receptor in Adaptation to Limited Water Supply

Mammals adapted to a great variety of habitats with different accessibility to water. In addition to changes in kidney morphology, e.g. the length of the loops of Henle, several hormone systems are involved in adaptation to limited water supply, among them the renal-neurohypophysial vasopressin/vasopressin receptor system. Comparison of over 80 mammalian V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) orthologs revealed high structural and functional conservation of this key component involved in renal water reabsorption. Although many mammalian species have unlimited access to water there is no evidence for complete loss of V2R function indicating an essential role of V2R activity for survival even of those species. In contrast, several marsupial V2R orthologs show a significant increase in basal receptor activity. An increased vasopressin-independent V2R activity can be interpreted as a shift in the set point of the renal-neurohypophysial hormone circuit to realize sufficient water reabsorption already at low hormone levels. As found in other desert mammals arid-adapted marsupials show high urine osmolalities. The gain of basal V2R function in several marsupials may contribute to the increased urine concentration abilities and, therefore, provide an advantage to maintain water and electrolyte homeostasis under limited water supply conditions

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Measurement of CP observables in B-+/- -> DK +/- and B-+/- -> D pi(+/-) with D -> KS0<mml:msup>K +/-</mml:msup><mml:msup>pi -/+</mml:msup> decays

Measurements of $CP$ observables in $B^\pm \to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm \to D \pi^\pm$ decays are presented, where $D$ represents a superposition of $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$ states. The $D$ meson is reconstructed in the three-body final state $K_{\rm{S}}^0K^\pm \pi^\mp$. The analysis uses samples of $B$ mesons produced in proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s} =$ 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. These measurements are the most precise to date, and provide important input for the determination of the CKM angle $\gamma$

A Software and Hardware IPTV Architecture for Scalable DVB Distribution

Many standards and even more proprietary technologies deal with IP-based television (IPTV). But none of them can transparently map popular public broadcast services such as DVB or ATSC to IPTV with acceptable effort. In this paper we explain why we believe that such a mapping using a light weight framework is an important step towards all-IP multimedia. We then present the NetCeiver architecture: it is based on well-known standards such as IPv6, and it allows zero configuration. The use of multicast streaming makes NetCeiver highly scalable. We also describe a low cost FPGA implementation of the proposed NetCeiver architecture, which can concurrently stream services from up to six full transponders

Progress in Applied CFD. Selected papers from 10th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Oil & Gas, Metallurgical and Process Industries

Coil-wound heat exchangers (CWHE) are commonly adapted in process engineering for the efficient transfer of heat between fluids which feature wide temperature and pressure ranges. The field of application for this apparatus ranges from heating or cooling of single-phase flows, over the evaporation or condensation of fluids, to the utilization as isothermal reactor. Due to their large specific heat transfer area accompanied by a compact design, coil-wound heat exchangers are widely used in various process plants (e.g., LNG plants). Depending on the application, twophase flows may occur at both, the tube- as well as the shellside of the apparatus. For the design of a CWHE, the fluid and thermodynamic processes in the unit are commonly represented by a system of one-dimensional correlations. This approach implies uniform thermohydraulic conditions on horizontal cutting planes of the exchanger. Fluid and thermodynamic effects in the apparatus which result in radial parameter variations are inaccessible to these conventional design tools. To this end, a multidimensional CFD model has been established to enhance the representation of fluid and thermodynamic phenomena in CWHE design. The shellside of the CWHE and all tube-side sections are each numerically represented by separate domains which are coupled by source terms to account for the thermodynamic interaction between tube- and shell-side. In each flow region, the hydraulic effect of the tube bundle is modeled as a porous medium with corresponding fluid dynamic characteristics. The gas-liquid dynamics in each flow region is modeled based on an Euler-Euler approach. Unlike classical Euler-Euler models, local phase fractions and fluid properties are calculated from species relations as well as pressure and temperature fields. This model framework is augmented by locally evaluated correlations for pressure drop and heat transfer to account for apparatus internals and thermal coupling. The models for gas-liquid interaction forces are derived from standard correlations and augmented by findings from detailed CFD studies. Remaining parameters are specified by a parameterization study based on experimental findings.publishedVersio