Team improvised adaptation: team performance in contexts of uncertainty and time scarcity

The main goal of this thesis is to propose, validate, and analyse the team improvised adaptation construct. It comprises one theoretical study and four empirical studies. Team improvised adaptation is the process of team adaptation when design and execution merge. Study 1 deconstructs and recombines team adaptation and team improvisation, proposing the team constructs of purposive improvisation, improvised adaptation and preemptive adaptation. Study 2 validates team improvised- and preemptive adaptation, revealing the moderation role of team learning behaviours on the mediation of improvised adaptation between shared temporal cognitions and team performance. Study 3 suggests that in-action and transitional reflexivity moderate the relationship between shared mental models similarity and improvised adaptive performance, and that transitional reflexivity moderates the relationship between shared mental models similarity and improvised adaptation learning. Study 4 uncovers the mediation effect of team improvised adaptation between future-orientation elevation and team performance. The findings also show that futureorientation diversity has a positive impact on team improvised adaptation learning. However, future-orientation elevation and future-orientation diversity have negative impacts on improvised adaptation learning and team performance, respectively. Finally, study 5 takes an inductive approach revealing two tensions of team improvised adaptation: a deployment tension between routine inertia and improvisation pressures, and a development tension between the need to plan and the need to act immediately. The resolution of these tensions unravels a process that ultimately leads to team learning outcomes. The thesis contributes to the understanding of teamwork, in particular when teams have to adapt to unexpected circumstances under conditions of extreme time scarcity.O objetivo principal desta tese é propor, validar e analisar o construto de adaptação improvisada em equipa. Compreende um estudo teórico e quatro estudos empíricos. A adaptação improvisada em equipa é o processo de adaptação da equipa quando o plano e a execução são simultâneos. O estudo 1 desconstrói e recombina a adaptação e a improvisação em equipa, propondo os construtos de improvisação premeditada, adaptação improvisada e adaptação preparada. O estudo 2 valida a adaptação improvisada e a preparada, revelando o papel de moderação dos comportamentos de aprendizagem em equipa, na mediação da adaptação improvisada entre as cognições temporais partilhadas e o desempenho da equipa. O estudo 3 sugere que as reflexividades em ação e transicional moderam a relação entre a semelhança dos modelos mentais partilhados e o desempenho adaptativo improvisado, e que a reflexividade transicional modera a relação entre a semelhança dos modelos mentais partilhados e a aprendizagem de adaptação improvisada. O estudo 4 expõe o efeito de mediação da adaptação improvisada em equipa entre a orientação futura da equipa e o seu desempenho. Os resultados também revelam que a diversidade na orientação futura da equipa tem um impacto positivo na aprendizagem de adaptação improvisada. No entanto, o construto de orientação para o futuro, composto para o nível da equipa através da elevação e através da diversidade, têm impactos negativos na aprendizagem de adaptação improvisada e no desempenho da equipa, respetivamente. Finalmente, o estudo 5 faz uma abordagem indutiva que revela duas tensões de adaptação improvisada em equipa: uma tensão inicial entre a inércia de rotina e as pressões de improvisação, e uma tensão de desenvolvimento entre a necessidade de planear e a necessidade de agir imediatamente. A resolução destas tensões despoleta um processo que, em última análise, leva à aprendizagem em equipa. Esta tese contribui para a compreensão do trabalho em equipa, em particular quando as equipas precisam de se adaptar a circunstâncias inesperadas em condições extremas de escassez de tempo

Adaptação Improvisada em Equipa: Um Modelo de Adaptação em Tempo Real

Quando as equipas precisam de se adaptar num contexto de escassez extrema de tempo, elas podem paralisar, podem manter o plano anterior, ou podem improvisar um novo plano. Este último fenómeno consiste na adaptação improvisada em equipa. Sendo um conceito recente, pouco se sabe sobre como as equipas se podem adaptar eficazmente em situações de carência temporal, e como podem produzir conhecimento a partir destes processos. Neste artigo conceptual, desenvolvemos um modelo teórico, baseado num fluxo temporal, o qual contribui para um melhor entendimento da adaptação improvisada. Propomos um conjunto de fatores de influência temporais, moderadores da resposta a estímulos contingenciais, e um conjunto de processos de equipa, fundamentais para a eficácia da adaptação improvisada. Propomos, ainda, que a reflexividade em equipa medeia a relação da adaptação improvisada com a aprendizagem. Ao explorar o fluxo temporal da adaptação improvisada em equipa, estendemos as literaturas de improvisação e de adaptação, aumentando a granularidade dos construtos, alargando a sua rede nomológica

Myopia during emergency improvisation: lessons from a catastrophic wildfire

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a number of processes joined to create the microlevel strategies and procedures that resulted in the most lethal and tragic forest fire in Portugal's history, recalled as the EN236-1 road tragedy in the fire of Pedrogao Grande. Design/methodology/approach Using an inductive theory development approach, the authors consider how the urgency and scale of perceived danger coupled with failures of system-wide communication led fire teams to improvise repeatedly. Findings The paper shows how structure collapse led teams to use only local information prompting acts of improvisational myopia, in the particular shape of corrosive myopia, and how a form of incidental improvisation led to catastrophic results. Practical implications The research offers insights into the dangers of improvisation arising from corrosive myopia, identifying ways to minimize them with the development of improvisation practices that allow for the creation of new patterns of action. The implications for managing surprise through improvisation extend to risk contexts beyond wildfires. Originality/value The paper stands out for showing the impact of improvisational myopia, especially in its corrosive form, which stands in stark contrast to the central role of attention to the local context highlighted in previous research on improvisation. At the same time, by exploring the effects of incidental improvisation, it also departs from the agentic conception of improvisation widely discussed in the improvisation literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Evidence from mining companies

Major technological advances that are being introduced in the global mining industry have an impact on work and employee attitudes toward safety. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of empowerment and technology on safety behavior. The research design was cross-sectional, and the sample was composed of 403 employees in mining companies. To measure safety behavior we used Neal, Griffin and Hart scales, and psychological empowerment was measured using the Spreitzer scale. The results indicated high levels of empowerment on safety behavior and medium levels of technology’s promotion and prevention factors in the employees surveyed. Also, the study revealed that the meaning dimension of empowerment and the promotion technology factor positively affect safety behavior. A further contribution of the study is in the design of a scale to measure the impact of technology on safety behavior, as there are no known scales for this.proofpublishe

“We do not like it but it has to be done”: How temporal personality and team improvised adaptation can foster team performance

International audienc

Bringing team improvisation to team adaptation: The combined role of shared temporal cognitions and team learning behaviors fostering team performance

International audienc

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved