Masjid dan aplikasi pendekatan dakwah terhadap masyarakat multi etnik di Malaysia

Peranan institusi masjid di Malaysia seharusnya diperluaskan dalam menjalankan aktiviti sosial seperti dakwah kepada masyarakat multi etnik. Tuntutan dakwah di Malaysia sebagai negara multi etnik seharusnya dipergiatkan lebih-lebih lagi jika melihat kepada jumlah masyarakat bukan Islam yang mencecah sebanyak 39% daripada keseluruhan penduduk di negara ini. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan peranan masjid dalam mengaplikasi pendekatan dakwah yang signifikan terhadap masyarakat multi etnik di Malaysia. Makalah ini turut mengemukakan mediummedium dakwah yang boleh digunakan masa kini dalam usaha dakwah oleh institusi masjid terhadap masyarakat yang berbilang kaum. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menganalisis dokumen untuk mendapatkan data premier. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat beberapa pendekatan dakwah dan medium dakwah yang relevan digunakan oleh institusi masjid sebagai alat dakwah kepada masyarakat multi etnik seperti di Malaysia

PENDEKATAN DAKWAH DALAM KAEDAH PENGAJARAN KEPADA MUALLAF

Pendekatan dakwah dalam kaedah pengajaran kepada mualaf merupakan suatu tajuk yang membincangkan berkaitan penerapan konsep dakwah dalam kaedah pengajaran kepada mualaf. Objektif kajian ini ialah mengkaji kaedah pengajaran yang sesuai kepada mualaf berdasarkan beberapa pendekatan dakwah yang ada dalam al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah kajian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis dokumen yang bersifat kualitatif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat banyak pendekatan dakwah yang boleh digunakan dalam kaedah pengajaran kepada mualaf iaitu pengajaran berasaskan kaedah al-Quran, pengajaran berasaskan pendekatan Rasulullah SAW dan pendekatan pengajaraan secara berhikmah. Kajian ini akan memberi sumbangan kepada tenaga pengajar mualaf khususnya dan pendakwah umumnya. Implikasi kajian adalah beberapa kaedah yang ditemukan dalam kajian ini boleh diguna pakai oleh tenaga pengajar mualaf khususnya ketika menjalankan aktiviti pengajaran. Begitu juga pendakwah, beberapa penemuan dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan sewaktu menjalankan aktiviti dakwah. Katakunci: Pendekatan dakwah, Kaedah Pengajaran, MualafDakwah approach in the teaching method to the mualaf is a headline that deals with the application of the concept of dakwah in the teaching method to mualaf. The object of this study is to examine appropriate teaching methods to mualaf based on several dakwah approaches that exist in the al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah. The method use in this study is literature review using qualitative document analysis techniques. The study shows that there are many dakwah approaches that may be used in the teaching method to mualaf is the teaching based on the rules of al-Qur’an, the teaching based on the approach of the Rasulullah SAW and the lesson about approach. This lesson will contribute to the teachers of mualaf especially in particular and the general preachers. The implications of the study are that some of the methods found in this study may be used by teachers of mualaf especially when carrying out teaching activities. Likewise preachers, some of the findings in this study may be used while performing dakwah activities. Keywords: Dakwah Approaching, Teaching Method, Muala

Analisis literatur sistematik: impak elemen spiritual terhadap kejayaan usahawan Muslim: Systematic literature review: the impact of spiritual elements on successful Muslim entrepreneur

The world of entrepreneurs in Malaysia has been led by Muslims. This has contributed to the growth of the Muslim economy. There are issues of failure in business management based on Islamic spiritual values. Spirituality is the process of the internal development of the soul. In Islam, it is based on faith in life, believing and trust in Allah Almighty, while application of the tauhid paradigm in both in this world and hereafter are related affairs. The purpose of the study is to analyze the potential of spiritual elements in the success of Muslim entrepreneurs. In this article, the researchers applied the Systematic Literature Review methodology, which focuses on research objectives. This article uses three (3) steps to analyze selected articles, i.e., by identification, screening, and eligibility. The outcome of this study had established five (5) journal articles that discussed spiritual elements that played an important role in the success of Muslim entrepreneurs, based on religious practices and values that were applied in entrepreneurship. The analysis found that the belief in Allah and the practice of religious values helped to enhance confidence and build the strong personality and traits of successful entrepreneurs. This is contributed by the elements of gratitude (Shukr), approval (riḍā), and reliance (tawakkal) after the best effort. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the research on entrepreneurship in Malaysia, especially for the Muslim community

Pendekatan Mengurus Konflik dalam Rumah Tangga Bermadu: Approach in Managing Conflict in A Polygamous Household

Conflict is an unavoidable condition and is part and parcel of life in a household, especially in the lives of a polygamous household. This article aims to present the factors that contribute to household conflict and the approach in managing them. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with sampling techniques aimed at 5 sister-wives and 1 polygamous husband. The interview data transcriptions were analyzed to form themes and sub-themes and validation was performed using Cohen Kappa calculations. The data analysis revealed that the internal factors which trigger conflict are secretive marriage, lack of concern, jealousy, and misunderstanding, whereas the external factors are neglecting responsibility, difficulty in adjusting, and lack of communication. Among the approaches taken to manage this conflict are to hold discussions, to be generous, to be tolerant, to care for each other, to appreciate, to be patient, to accept the qada' and qadar of Allah Almighty, to protect the household’s honour, and to limit unimportant social activities. This finding can serve as a guide in the management of polygamous household conflicts. ABSTRAK Konflik adalah satu keadaan yang sukar dielakkan dan menjadi asam garam alam rumah tangga, lebih-lebih lagi dalam kehidupan rumah tangga bermadu. Artikel ini bertujuan mengemukakan faktor-faktor yang mencetuskan konflik rumah tangga bermadu serta pendekatan mengurusnya. Data diperolehi melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dengan teknik persampelan bertujuan iaitu terhadap 5 orang isteri bermadu dan 1 orang suami berpoligami. Transkripsi data temubual dianalisis bagi membentuk tema dan sub tema dan proses keesahan dilakukan menerusi pengiraan Cohen Kappa. Analisis data mengemukakan faktor dalaman yang mencetuskan konflik iaitu merahsiakan perkahwinan, kurang keprihatinan, perasaan cemburu dan salah faham manakala faktor luaran ialah pengabaian tanggungjawab, sukar membuat penyesuaian diri dan tiada komunikasi. Antara pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk mengurus konflik ialah mengadakan perbincangan, berlapang dada, bertolak ansur, menjaga hati, menghargai, sabar, redha dengan qada’ qadar Allah SWT, menjaga rahsia rumah tangga dan menghadkan aktiviti sosial yang tidak penting. Dapatan ini boleh djadikan panduan dalam pengurusan konflik rumah tangga bermadu.     &nbsp

PROGRAM PEMULIHAN AKHLAK REMAJA DELINKUEN DI PUSAT PEMULIHAN AKHLAK DI MALAYSIA (Moral Rehabilitation Program for Delinquent Adolescents at Moral Rehabilitation Centers in Malaysia)

ABSTRAK Pelbagai program dilaksanakan di pusat-pusat pemulihan bertujuan memulihkan akhlak remaja yang terlibat dengan perlakuan delinkuen. Trend peningkatan bilangan kemasukan para pelatih dalam kalangan remaja ke pusat-pusat pemulihan akhlak memberi indikator keperluan tumpuan diberikan terhadap usaha pemulihan akhlak. Artikel ini bertujuan mengemukakan program-program pemulihan akhlak remaja delinkuen yang dilaksanakan di pusat-pusat pemulihan akhlak di Malaysia. Reka bentuk kajian ini ialah kajian tinjauan eksploratori. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui temu bual separa struktur. Seramai empat orang informan dipilih dari tiga kategori pusat pemulihan akhlak iaitu pusat pemulihan kelolaan Jabatan Penjara Malaysia (JPM), pusat pemulihan kelolaan Majlis Agama Islam Negeri dan pusat pemulihan kelolaan Jabaran Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM). Mereka dipilih menggunakan persampelan bertujuan. Data yang diperoleh daripada temu bual dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati program-program pemulihan akhlak yang dilaksanakan di pusat-pusat pemulihan akhlak memberi penekanan terhadap aspek pemantapan kerohanian dan keagamaan, penyediaan slot bimbingan kaunseling dan motivasi serta kelas kemahiran dan akademik. Program yang dijalankan ini memberi implikasi positif khususnya dalam usaha pemulihan akhlak remaja delinkuen di pusat-pusat pemulihan akhlak di Malaysia. Kata Kunci: Program Pemulihan Akhlak, Remaja Delinkuen, Pusat Pemulihan Akhlak MalaysiaABSTRACT Various programs are implemented in rehabilitation centers aimed at restoring the morals of teenagers involved in delinquent behavior. The trend of increasing the number of trainees among teenagers entering moral rehabilitation centers indicates the need to focus on moral rehabilitation efforts. This article aims to present the moral rehabilitation programs for delinquent teenagers implemented in moral rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. The design of this study is an exploratory survey study. Data collection was done through semistructured interviews. A total of four informants were selected from three categories of moral rehabilitation centers which are rehabilitation centers managed by the Malaysian Prisons Department (JPM), rehabilitation centers managed by the State Islamic Religious Council and rehabilitation centers managed by Jabaran Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM). They were selected using purposive sampling. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach. The results of the study found that moral rehabilitation programs carried out in moral rehabilitation centers emphasize the aspects of spiritual and religious strengthening, the provision of counseling and motivational guidance slots as well as skills and academic classes. The program carried out has positive implications, especially in the moral rehabilitation of delinquent teenagers in moral rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Keywords: Moral Rehabilitation Program, Delinquent Youth, Moral Rehabilitation Center Malaysi

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London