A NEW APPROACH TO THE DOSING DEGREE OF ANTERIOR TRANSPOSITION OF THE INFERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE SURGERY FOR VERTICAL STRABISMUS

Introduction. Strabismus is the  deviation  of one  eye from  a  common  fixation point, associated  with impaired  of binocular  vision. The eye’s position in horizontal and vertical directions looking straight determines the t ype of strabismus. Despite  numerous reports of surgical  interventions on the  vertical action  muscles, there is no a differentiated approach to the  treatment of patients with this pathology. The search for the optimal methods and principles of surgical  treatment of vertical strabismus caused by hyperfunction  of the inferior oblique muscle, testifies to the relevance of developing new approaches to eliminate hypertropia  depending  on its severit y.The purpose — to  develop  a  method  of dosing  the  degree of anterior transposition of the  inferior  oblique muscle  in the  surgical treatment of vertical  strabismus caused by hyperfunction  of the  inferior oblique muscle  depending  on severit y,  and  to  evaluate  its clinical efficacy.Patients And Methods. In the  period  from January 2013 to October  2015 60 children  (96  eyes) aged  from 3 to 17 years  with a vertical strabismus caused by hyperfunction  of the inferior oblique muscle  were  followed-up. All patients underwent a complete pre  — and postoperative examinations. All patients received  surgical  treatment — weakening  of the inferior oblique muscle through  its anterior dosed  transposition.Results. There  were  no intraoperative complications and  specific complications t ypical for weakening  surgeries on the  inferior oblique muscle. Overcorrection  wasn’t  registered neither  in the  case of surgical  treatment of large vertical angles  of strabismus, no small vertical deviations.  Restriction of mobilit y of the eyeballs wasn’t recorded throughout the observation period  in any patient. Residual  hyperfunction  of the  inferior oblique muscle  was  in 3 patients (5%). It did not exceed  the value of the  vertical,  with the  fusion and  did not  require  additional surgical  treatment.Conclusion. The technology  will significantly improve  the  efficiency and  safet y  of treatment, reduce the  risk  of complications and  the  duration  of surgery and  anesthesia, the number of surgical treatment stages, to create optimal conditions  for the rehabilitation  of visual functions  in children

Scope of endovascular surgery in correction of stenotic lesions of the internal carotid artery in complex anatomic conditions

In most cases, patients with multifocal atherosclerotic lesions, including brachiocephalic arteries, are denied surgical treatment due to the high risks of intra- and postoperative complications. Despite the severe stenotic lesion of the carotid arteries, which can lead to such a major complication as ischemic stroke, in most cases surgeons refuse to perform the operation. Endovascular surgery is often the only option for these patients. After analyzing the world experience in the treatment of hemodynamically significant lesions of the arteries of the brachiocephalic basin and applying in practice various methods of endovascular interventions in patients with complex stenotic lesions of the internal carotid arteries, we were convinced that endovascular correction of such lesions is often the main method of treatment for patients with multifocal atherosclerosis, and can also be used as a primary method of treatment, as it demonstrates high effectiveness, low risk of complications and good long-term results

Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas in the area of cavernous sinus

Background. Assessment of endovascular methods possibilities in the treatment for carotid-cavernous fistulas.Material and methods. The results of endovascular treatment in 22 patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas in the period from 2008 to 2018 were evaluated. The number of male patients was 13 (59%), female patients – 9 (41%). Fifteen patients (68%) had traumatic damage, 7 patients developed a spontaneous disease. All patients had a specific clinical features of carotid-cavernous fistula, confirmed by anamnesis and angiographic study. After verification of the diagnosis, all patients underwent permanent transcatheter embolization of the pathological connection using detachable balloons, microspirals and adhesive composition. Results. Twenty-one patients (95.5%) underwent one-stage embolization of carotid-cavernous fistulas. One patient (4.5%) required three procedures: two embolization with detachable balloons, final embolization with detachable spirals, due to deflation of the balloons in the early postoperative period. Destructive embolization of carotid-cavernous fistulas was performed in 2 cases (9%), reconstructive interventions were performed in 20 cases (91%). The angiographic success of the procedure was 100%. All treated patients had regression of symptoms during their hospital stay. During this period, one complication was identified in the form of post puncture hematoma, which required conservative treatment.Conclusion. Endovascular treatment is a modern, effective and safe method for treating carotid-cavernous fistulas. Destructive occlusion (if there is no possibility of performing reconstructive intervention) is also a safe and clinically justified method for treating this pathology

Prevalence of chronic HCV infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Russia

BACKGROUND: The poor outcomes of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and type 2 diabetes determine the socio-economic significance of the combined pathology since they lead to premature death. The proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes with markers of viral hepatitis (VH) in the Russian Federation is not known, which does not allow us to estimate the burden for the state of this medical problem.OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the prevalence of concomitant pathology, HCV infection and type 2 diabetes, as well as the proportion of severe liver damage in its structure, according to the analysis of the primary medical records of four Moscow hospitals.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with HCV infection and diabetes mellitus, who admitted at different periods to four hospitals in Moscow, was carried out, as well as a total examination for the presence of anti-HCV in the blood of all patients with diabetes who were admitted within a certain period to the endocrinology department of a multidisciplinary hospital. Additionally, to determine the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), an additional examination of patients with this combined pathology was carried out in accordance with the standards for the diagnosis of hepatitis C.RESULTS: In total, according to data from 4 hospitals in Moscow, over a certain period, 2% (105/5298) of diabetes patients with anti-HCV in their blood were identified. Sex ratio for men: women = 54 (51%): 51 (49%). Patients aged 50–69 years prevailed — 70% (74/105). Seroprevalence of HCV in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes according to the analysis in 3 health facilities: 0.9% (20/2196), 1.9% (8/432), 1.9% (28/1500). A significant drawback was revealed that did not allow assessing the true seroprevalence of HCV: not all patients were hospitalized with the results of a VH test, and not all of them were assigned an examination for VH markers if it was not performed before hospitalization. The proportion of type 2 diabetes patients with anti-HCV in the blood according to the results of total screening (3.7%; 16/432) became comparable to the proportion of type 2 diabetes patients among patients with CHC admitted to an infectious hospital (4.2%; 49 / 1170). The proportion of patients with LC according to the analysis of the medical records of the infectious hospital is 65% (32/49), in the group of endocrinological patients with additional examination it is 18% (13/71).CONCLUSION: For the first time in the Russian Federation, data were obtained on the prevalence of HCV infection in combination with type 2 diabetes. The results of the study indicate the need to develop effective screening programs to detect active HCV infection in the group of patients with diabetes, as well as patients among them with severe hepatic fibrosis for the timely conduct of highly effective antiviral therapy, which will prevent poor outcomes in a separate perspective

Search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of Higgs-like bosons.

A search is presented for a Higgs-like boson with mass in the range 45 to 195 GeV/c2 decaying into a muon and a tau lepton. The dataset consists of proton-proton interactions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV , collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb-1 . The tau leptons are reconstructed in both leptonic and hadronic decay channels. An upper limit on the production cross-section multiplied by the branching fraction at 95% confidence level is set and ranges from 22 pb for a boson mass of 45 GeV/c2 to 4 pb for a mass of 195 GeV/c2

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu