219 research outputs found
'Diversionâ of methadone or buprenorphine: 'harmâ versus 'helpingâ
Background
'Non-compliantâ individuals in opioid maintenance treatment, OMT, are often met with tight control regimes to reduce the risk of 'diversionâ, which may lead to harm or death among persons outside of OMT. This article explores reported practices of, and motivations for, diversion of methadone and buprenorphine, in a group of imprisoned individuals in OMT.
Findings
28 in-depths interviews were conducted among 12 OMT-enrolled, imprisoned individuals, most of whom were remand prisoners. All had experienced tight control regimes prior to imprisonment due to varying degrees of 'non-complianceâ and illicit drug use during treatment. Their acquired norm of sharing with others in a drug using community was maintained when entering OMT. Giving oneâs prescription opioids to an individual in withdrawal was indeed seen as an act of helping, something that takes on particular significance for couples in which only one partner is included in OMT and the other is using illicit heroin. Individuals enrolled in OMT might thus be trapped between practicing norms of helping and sharing and adhering to treatment regulations. âDiversionâ, as this term is conventionally used, is not typically understood as practices of giving and helping, but may nevertheless be perceived as such by those who undertake them.
Conclusions
As we see it, the need to sustain oneself as a decent person in oneâs own eyes and those of others through practices such as sharing and helping should be recognized. Treatment providers should consider including couples in which both individuals are motivated for starting OMT
Multi-scale measurements of mesospheric aerosols and electrons during the MAXIDUSTY campaign
We present in situ measurements of small-scale fluctuations in aerosol
populations as recorded through a mesospheric cloud system from the Faraday
cups DUSTY and MUDD during on the MAXIDUSTY-1 and 1B sounding rocket payloads
launched in the summer of 2016. Two mechanically identical DUSTY probes
mounted with an inter-spacing of âź10 cm recorded very different
currents, with strong spin modulation, in certain regions of the cloud
system. A comparison to auxiliary measurement show similar tendencies in the
MUDD data. Fluctuations in the electron density are found to be generally
anti-correlated to the negative aerosol charge density on all length scales;
however, in certain smaller regions the correlation turns positive. We have
also compared the spectral properties of the dust fluctuations, as extracted
by wavelet analysis, to polar mesospheric summer echo (PMSE) strength. In this analysis, we find a relatively
good agreement between the power spectral density (PSD) at the radar Bragg
scale inside the cloud system; however the PMSE edge is not well represented
by the PSD. A comparison of proxies for PMSE strength, constructed from a
combination of derived dusty plasma parameters, shows that no simple proxy can
reproduce PMSE strength well throughout the cloud system. Edge effects are
especially poorly represented by the proxies addressed here.</p
The anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment gap: a national study of substance use disorder treatment.
Making judgements about students making work : lecturersâ assessment practices in art and design.
This research study explores the assessment practices in two higher education art and design departments. The key aim of this research was to explore art and design studio assessment practices as lived by and experienced by art and design lecturers. This work draws on two bodies of pre existing research. Firstly this study adopted innovative methodological approaches that have been employed to good effect to explore assessment in text based subjects (think aloud) and moderation mark agreement (observation). Secondly the study builds on existing research into the assessment of creative practice. By applying thinking aloud methodologies into a creative practice assessment context the authors seek to illuminate the âin practiceâ rather than espoused assessment approaches adopted. The analysis suggests that lecturers in the study employed three macro conceptions of quality to support the judgement process. These were; the demonstration of significant learning over time, the demonstration of effective studentship and the presentation of meaningful art/design work
Radiometric force in dusty plasmas
A radiofrequency glow discharge plasma, which is polluted with a certain
number of dusty grains, is studied. In addition to various dusty plasma
phenomena, several specific colloidal effects should be considered. We focus on
radiometric forces, which are caused by inhomogeneous temperature distribution.
Aside from thermophoresis, the role of temperature distribution in dusty
plasmas is an open question. It is shown that inhomogeneous heating of the
grain by ion flows results in a new photophoresis like force, which is specific
for dusty discharges. This radiometric force can be observable under conditions
of recent microgravity experiments.Comment: 4 pages, amsmat
Dusty Magnetohydrodynamics in Star Forming Regions
Star formation occurs in dark molecular regions where the number density of
hydrogen nuclei, nH, exceeds 10^4 cc and the fractional ionization is 10^-7 or
less. Dust grains with sizes ranging up to tenths of microns and perhaps down
to tens of nanometers contain just under one percent of the mass. Recombination
on grains is important for the removal of gas phase ions, which are produced by
cosmic rays penetrating the dark regions. Collisions of neutrals with charged
grains contribute significantly to the coupling of the magnetic field to the
neutral gas. Consequently, the dynamics of the grains must be included in the
magnetohydrodynamic models of large scale collapse, the evolution of waves and
the structures of shocks important in star formation.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of
Plasma Physics special issue in honour of Prof. Padma K. Shukl
First simultaneous rocket and radar detections of rare low summer mesospheric clouds
On 30 June 2016 a layer of dust, possibly meteoric smoke particles (MSPs), was observed with a rocket borne probe at 69.29°N, 16.02°E and altitudes of ~74 km where patchy thin cloud layers, detected with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System, were present. The rocket traversed a layer with a net positive dust charge density of ~10⡠unit charges per cubic meters and a number density of neutral dust particles with sizes âĽ4 nm of ~10⸠mâÂł. The positive charge density may require that elements that lower the photoelectric work function coat MSPs. The presence of this relatively large dust is consistent with smaller MSPs being swept out of the low mesospheric cloud region during the summer, while larger MSPs remain where their fall velocities equals the circulation updraught velocities. Large MSPs initially embedded in icy particles that subsequently sublimate may also fall until their fall velocities match the updraught velocities
First modulation of high-frequency polar mesospheric summer echoes by radio heating of the ionosphere
The first high-frequency (HF, 8 MHz) observations of the modulation of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) by artificial radio heating of the ionosphere are presented and compared to observations at 224 MHz and model predictions. The experiments were performed at the European Incoherent Scatter facility in northern Norway. It is shown that model results are in qualitative and partial quantitative agreement with the observations, supporting the prediction that with certain ranges of ice particle radii and concentration, PMSE at HF radar wavelengths can be enhanced by heating due to the dominance of dust charging over plasma diffusion
Recommended from our members
On-line case discussion assessment in Ultrasound: The effect on student centred and inter-professional learning
In 2009 an asynchronous on-line case discussion assessment was introduced, to replace an existing traditional case-study assessment, within the Medical Ultrasound Programmes at City University London, to help extend collaborative, interprofessional student-led learning skills. Two clinical modules were used to develop the on-line learning method with associated assessments. Students selected and led a clinical case from their department, uploaded anonymised images and case details with questions, to encourage interaction from other colleagues. Thirty students participated in the on-line case discussions. The assessment was evaluated via informal feedback, end of module feedback and an on-line questionnaire. Some students completed two modules, using the on-line discussion, others were involved in only one module, of which 21 out of 26 students completed end of module feedback for the 1st module and 18 out of 20 students completed feedback from the 2nd module. Twelve students out of 30 completed the on-line questionnaire. Feedback suggested that the on-line case discussions were a good learning tool, providing a wide range of cases for students to participate in or read and learn from each other. All students found the cases interesting, engaging and useful, but time consuming. Despite the small numbers involved, useful feedback was provided to assist further development of the assessment, particularly in relation to the number of cases being assessed and length of availability. On-line case discussions are an innovative, engaging method to encourage self directed, collaborative learning which could be utilised in the health care setting to share interesting cases, promote inter-professional and self-directed learning
Twisted Dust Acoustic Waves in Dusty Plasmas
We examine linear dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in a dusty plasma with strongly
correlated dust grains, and discuss possibility of a twisted DA vortex beam
carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). For our purposes, we use the Boltzmann
distributed electron and ion density perturbations, the dust continuity and
generalized viscoelastic dust momentum equations, and Poisson's equation to
obtain a dispersion relation for the modified DAWs. The effects of the
polarization force, strong dust couplings, and dust charge fluctuations on the
DAW spectrum are examined. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the DAW can
propagate as a twisted vortex beam carrying OAM. A twisted DA vortex structure
can trap and transport dust particles in dusty plasmas.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1205.594
- âŚ