Natural language processing

Beginning with the basic issues of NLP, this chapter aims to chart the major research activities in this area since the last ARIST Chapter in 1996 (Haas, 1996), including: (i) natural language text processing systems - text summarization, information extraction, information retrieval, etc., including domain-specific applications; (ii) natural language interfaces; (iii) NLP in the context of www and digital libraries ; and (iv) evaluation of NLP systems

Integrating Automatic Transcription into the Language Documentation Workflow: Experiments with Na Data and the Persephone Toolkit

Automatic speech recognition tools have potential for facilitating language documentation, but in practice these tools remain little-used by linguists for a variety of reasons, such as that the technology is still new (and evolving rapidly), user-friendly interfaces are still under development, and case studies demonstrating the practical usefulness of automatic recognition in a low-resource setting remain few. This article reports on a success story in integrating automatic transcription into the language documentation workflow, specifically for Yongning Na, a language of Southwest China. Using Persephone, an open-source toolkit, a single-speaker speech transcription tool was trained over five hours of manually transcribed speech. The experiments found that this method can achieve a remarkably low error rate (on the order of 17%), and that automatic transcriptions were useful as a canvas for the linguist. The present report is intended for linguists with little or no knowledge of speech processing. It aims to provide insights into (i) the way the tool operates and (ii) the process of collaborating with natural language processing specialists. Practical recommendations are offered on how to anticipate the requirements of this type of technology from the early stages of data collection in the field.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

Computer mediated communication for construction-supported constructivism in communication and cultural learning

This paper aims to explain how CMC has implications for constructivism in communication and cultural learning. he method used to write this review followed previous patterns by work. During collecting articles as main sources, we used Google scholar, Baidu scholars, Science Direct and Mendeley search platform, we also used such keywords as cross-cultural learning, technology, intercultural learning, promoting, facilitating, understanding and competence to find articles. in the end in this paper found conclusions Technology-used should fulfil the today need of learner. Combination of asynchronous and synchronous communication are mostly suggested for the next future research. We also believe by the need of global society and the rapid growth of technology, people around the world need more advanced technology such as Hologram, VR technology, artificial intelligent features, cloud and so on

Language technologies for a multilingual Europe

This volume of the series “Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing” includes most of the papers presented at the Workshop “Language Technology for a Multilingual Europe”, held at the University of Hamburg on September 27, 2011 in the framework of the conference GSCL 2011 with the topic “Multilingual Resources and Multilingual Applications”, along with several additional contributions. In addition to an overview article on Machine Translation and two contributions on the European initiatives META-NET and Multilingual Web, the volume includes six full research articles. Our intention with this workshop was to bring together various groups concerned with the umbrella topics of multilingualism and language technology, especially multilingual technologies. This encompassed, on the one hand, representatives from research and development in the field of language technologies, and, on the other hand, users from diverse areas such as, among others, industry, administration and funding agencies. The Workshop “Language Technology for a Multilingual Europe” was co-organised by the two GSCL working groups “Text Technology” and “Machine Translation” (http://gscl.info) as well as by META-NET (http://www.meta-net.eu)

Final FLaReNet deliverable: Language Resources for the Future - The Future of Language Resources

Language Technologies (LT), together with their backbone, Language Resources (LR), provide an essential support to the challenge of Multilingualism and ICT of the future. The main task of language technologies is to bridge language barriers and to help creating a new environment where information flows smoothly across frontiers and languages, no matter the country, and the language, of origin. To achieve this goal, all players involved need to act as a community able to join forces on a set of shared priorities. However, until now the field of Language Resources and Technology has long suffered from an excess of individuality and fragmentation, with a lack of coherence concerning the priorities for the field, the direction to move, not to mention a common timeframe. The context encountered by the FLaReNet project was thus represented by an active field needing a coherence that can only be given by sharing common priorities and endeavours. FLaReNet has contributed to the creation of this coherence by gathering a wide community of experts and making them participate in the definition of an exhaustive set of recommendations

Pattern Recognition through Computational Stylistics: Old English and Beyond

Professors Drout, Kahn, and LeBlanc have prepared a Level II proposal to prototype a suite of computational tools and statistical analyses to explore the Old English corpus. This work will serve as a proof of concept for the larger deployment of corpus-independent tools. Anticipated outcomes include scalable, open-source software to facilitate the computation and organization of word frequencies and other patterns and empirical measures of success when using various statistical analyses on the condensed data. An additional and essential outcome from our perspective is how this research leads to and impacts the development of interdisciplinary course materials for our connected (interdisciplinary) undergraduate courses in English, Statistics, and Computer Science in order that computational analyses become a more inviting option for faculty and advanced research students in the Humanities

PARALLEL CORPORA IN TRANSLATOR EDUCATION

Mainly four kinds of corpora have been used in the field of translator education: comparable corpora, parallel corpora, parallel learner corpora and ‘do it yourself’ or ‘disposable’ corpora. This article focuses on the use of parallel corpora in translator education. As a starting point different approaches to translator education with corpora will be described in order to figure out which one has made use of a methodological background in translation didactics to carry out their research. Secondly different parallel corpora will be presented and the strengths and limitations of different tools, such as bilingual concordancers and translation memories, will be analysed. To roundoff this article different translation alternatives to the same source text will be explored using EMEA in the context of translators’ training