Preserving Minors’ Rights After Casey: The “New Battlefield” of Negligence and Strict Liability Statutes

Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) is one of the major problems in today highspeed circuits. Power-Ground voltage fluctuation is significantly increasing due to L ∗ (di/dt)) noise known as Power-Ground bounce and can be one major noise source in modern and mixed-signal circuit design. In this thesis first SSN and its sources are studied followed by some theoretical analysis, then we present some clock shapes that cause in SSN reduction. In this thesis, we investigate different clocking techniques in order to reduce SSN. The effect of rise/fall time variation, applying sinusoidal, multi-segment and harmonic suppressed clocks have been investigated and verified by proper circuit simulations. Multi-segment clock shape and harmonic suppression clock shape produce less noise in comparison to conventional clock, so using them as clock of the whole system can be act as noise reduction technique

The effect of financing and non-financing income on Islamic banks’ risk : evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of income structure on Islamic banks’ risk in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The main objective was to investigate whether a great reliance on non-financing income, and different types of non-financing income (Fees and Commission, Trading Income, and Other Income) impacts the riskiness of Islamic banks. Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel dataset of 16 Islamic banks from Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait during the period 2010 to 2016 were used to achieve the objectives of this study. Findings: The study found evidence that Islamic banks’ risks are decreased and stability is improved by non-financing income. In addition, the study found that components of nonfinancing income have different impacts on Islamic banks’ risk, where trading income and other income have decreased the Islamic banks’ risk. Islamic banks are found to be more focused on financing activities than non-financing activities (innovative activities). Practical Implications: These findings have important practical implications to Islamic banks in order to deal with non-financing income to boost their growth worldwide. Moreover, these findings have important implications for Islamic banks’ management. Originality/value: Testing the effect of income structure in the banking industry is still relatively needed. Furthermore, the Islamic banks literature has been largely ignored.peer-reviewe

Competition and Financial Stability in European Cooperative Banks

Cooperative banks are a driving force for socially committed business at the local level, accounting for around one fifth of the European Union (EU) bank deposits and loans. Despite their importance, little is known about the relationship between bank stability and competition for these small credit institutions. Does competition affect the stability of cooperative banks? Does the financial stability of banks increase/decrease when competition is higher? We assess the dynamic relationship between competition and bank soundness (both in the short and long run) among European cooperative banks between 1998 and 2009. We obtain three main results. First, we provide evidence in line with the competition-stability view proposed by Boyd and De Nicolò (2005). Bank market power negatively “Granger-causes” banks’soundness, meaning that there is a positive relationship between competition and stability. Second, we find that this fundamental relationship does not change during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. Third, we show that increased homogeneity in the cooperative banking sector positively affects bank soundness. Our findings have important policy implications for designing and implementing regulations that enhance the overall stability of the financial system and in particular of the cooperative banking sector

Invariants of Lie Algebras with Fixed Structure of Nilradicals

An algebraic algorithm is developed for computation of invariants ('generalized Casimir operators') of general Lie algebras over the real or complex number field. Its main tools are the Cartan's method of moving frames and the knowledge of the group of inner automorphisms of each Lie algebra. Unlike the first application of the algorithm in [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 2006, V.39, 5749; math-ph/0602046], which deals with low-dimensional Lie algebras, here the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by its application to computation of invariants of solvable Lie algebras of general dimension $n<\infty$ restricted only by a required structure of the nilradical. Specifically, invariants are calculated here for families of real/complex solvable Lie algebras. These families contain, with only a few exceptions, all the solvable Lie algebras of specific dimensions, for whom the invariants are found in the literature.Comment: LaTeX2e, 19 page

Draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae strain FF5, causal agent of stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear.

addresses: The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.notes: PMCID: PMC3393499types: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tFree on Open AccessPseudomonas syringae FF5 causes stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear (Pyrus calleryana). Its genome encodes a complete type III secretion system (T3SS) and HopAC1, HopM1, AvrE1, HopI1, HopAA1, HopJ1, HopAH2, HopAH1, HopAG1, and HopAZ1. Lacking detectable homologues of other T3SS effectors, it may encode novel, undiscovered effectors