A Generic Language for Query and Viewtype Generation By-Example

In model-driven engineering, powerful query/view languages exist to compute result sets/views from underlying models. However, to use these languages effectively, one must understand the query/view language concepts as well as the underlying models and metamodels structures. Consequently, it is a challenge for domain experts to create queries/views due to the lack of knowledge about the computer-internal abstract representation of models and metamodels. To better support domain experts in the query/view creation, the goal of this paper is the presentation of a generic concept to specify queries/views on models without requiring deep knowledge on the realization of modeling languages. The proposed concept is agnostic to specific modeling languages and allows the query/view generation by-example with a simple mechanism for filtering model elements. Based on this generic concept, a generic query/view language is proposed that uses role-oriented modeling for its non-intrusive application for specific modeling languages. The proposed language is demonstrated based on the role-based single underlying model (RSUM) approach for AutomationML to create queries/views by-example, and subsequently, associated viewtypes to modify the result set or view

Fragmentierung und Internationalisierung. Der Blick des orthodoxen Pols der Soziologie-Professor_innen in Deutschland

Im Anschluss an Pierre Bourdieu untersucht der Beitrag die akademische Soziologie in Deutschland als soziales Feld und versucht, das soziologische Wissen einer soziologischen Kritik zu unterziehen. Über die dominanten Akteure, die Professor_innen, soll sich dem Feld empirisch genähert werden. Auf Grundlage einer Vollerhebung aller deutschen Soziologie-Professuren und qualitativer Interviews mit den einflussreichsten Akteuren soll sowohl die Struktur des universitären Feldes als auch der Blick der Akteure auf die Soziologie nachgezeichnet werden. Mit diesem Vorgehen soll ersichtlich werden, welche Trends in der derzeitigen deutschen Soziologie vorherrschend sind. Zum einen zeichnet sie sich durch fortschreitende Fragmentierung und mangelnden Konflikt zwischen unterschiedlichen Schulen aus. Verstärkt wird dies durch eine zunehmende Internationalisierung, die sich weitestgehend an Standards des angelsächsischen Raums auszeichnet

Marginalisierung und eine lebensweltliche Klassenanalyse: Reproduktion und Umgangsweisen der marginalisierten Klasse in Deutschland

Der Beitrag untersucht die Reproduktion und Umgangsweisen mit einer gesellschaftlich marginalisierten Position durch die Akteure selbst und nähert sich diesen empirisch über qualitative Lebenslaufinterviews. Zunächst spezifiziert der Artikel einen Klassenbegriff für eine subjektorientierte Sozialstrukturanalyse im Anschluss an Karl Marx, Pierre Bourdieu und E.P. Thompson, um damit eine Klassendefinition für die Klasse der Marginalisierten zu erlangen. Die empirische Basis bilden zehn Interviews mit marginalisierten Personen aus der BRD, die mit der dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet wurden. Damit konnten verschiedene Stationen der Reproduktion von Marginalisierung im Lebensverlauf nachgezeichnet werden. Darüber hinaus wurden wesentliche Unterschiede im konkreten Umgang mit der Marginalisierung beschrieben, die den Klassenbegriff weiter herausfordern.The paper examines the reproduction and ways of dealing with a socially marginalizes position by the actors themselves and approaches this empirically through qualitative résumé interviews. First, the article specifies a class concept for a subjectorientated social structure analysis following Karl Marx, Pierre Bourdieu and E.P. Thompson to gain a class definition for the marginalized class. The empirical basis consists of ten interviews with marginalized people in Germany which were evaluated with the documentary method ("Dokumentarische Methode"). Thereby different stages of reproduction of marginalized life in the course of life could be traced. In addition, significant differences in the specific coping with the marginalized situation have been described with challenges the class concept furthermore

Soziale Herkunft und Theoriepräferenzen von Soziologiestudent_innen: eine Querschnittserhebung im Anschluss an Bourdieu

"Ausgehend von der Habitustheorie Pierre Bourdieus wurde empirisch zu überprüfen versucht, ob und wie die soziale Herkunft von SoziologiestudentInnen innerhalb Deutschlands mit deren soziologischen Theoriepräferenzen zusammenhängt. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Überlegungen und Ergebnisse dieser Studie zusammen. Dabei lässt sich nachweisen, dass es tatsächlich - mal stärkere, mal schwächere - Zusammenhänge zwischen der sozialen Herkunft von SoziologiestudentInnen und den von ihnen präferierten soziologischen Theorien gibt. In Abhängigkeit vom Einkommen der StudentInnen, der Bildung der Eltern sowie deren Beruf, dem Geschlecht, dem sich die StudentInnen zuordnen sowie dem Bundesland, in dem sie studieren, sind Differenzen erkennbar." (Autorenreferat

Backstreaming ions at a high Mach number interplanetary shock: Solar Orbiter measurements during the nominal mission phase

Solar Orbiter, a mission developed by the European Space Agency, explores in situ plasma across the inner heliosphere while providing remote-sensing observations of the Sun. Our study examines particle observations for the 30 October 2021 shock. The particles provide clear evidence of ion reflection up to several minutes upstream of the shock. Additionally, the magnetic and electric field observations contain complex electromagnetic structures near the shock, and we aim to investigate how they are connected to ion dynamics. The main goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the complex coupling between particles and the shock structure in high Mach number regimes of interplanetary shocks. We used observations of magnetic and electric fields, probe-spacecraft potential, and thermal and energetic particles to characterize the structure of the shock front and particle dynamics. Furthermore, ion velocity distribution functions were used to study reflected ions and their coupling to the shock. To determine shock parameters and study waves, we used several methods, including cold plasma theory, singular-value decomposition, minimum variance analysis, and shock Rankine-Hugoniot relations. To support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental data, test-particle analysis, and hybrid particle in-cell simulations were used. The ion velocity distribution functions show clear evidence of particle reflection in the form of backstreaming ions several minutes upstream. The shock structure has complex features at the ramp and whistler precursors. The backstreaming ions may be modulated by the complex shock structure, and the whistler waves are likely driven by gyrating ions in the foot. Supra-thermal ions up to 20 keV were observed, but shock-accelerated particles with energies above this were not

Life-world oriented education in the times of the Covid-19 lockdown. Twitch.tv as pedagogical tool

The rapidly enforced lockdown and school closures in many countries have shaken up school and university life from one day to the other. Educational institutions which, due to geographical circumstances, focus on adult continuing education or are by charter defined as pilot schools, have been able to react quickly to these new circumstances. However, the majority of the traditional educational institutions seem to have had great difficulties and there was no digital teaching, learning or assessment strategy ready to be implemented. And if that wasn't already enough, a massive controversy broke out regarding which school subjects are more important than others. In particular, the Art lessons were criticized for being not important and that children should not be burdened with this "rubbish". This is of course the wrong approach, because Art in all its many facets plays an important role in the way society is defined and operates. And Art, such as music, film, books and comics, played an essential role in the Covid-19 situation and particularly during lockdown periods. Art lessons and home-schooling or distance learning, are not necessarily opposites or an antithesis. Increasingly, students are using apps in their daily life where the connection to art and cultural studies is only a click away. This conference contribution would like to put teaching through Twitch.TV up for discussion and take up the cudgels for modern Art teaching and learning.peer-reviewe

Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present-day and preindustrial atmospheres

New particle formation has been estimated to produce around half of cloud-forming particles in the present-day atmosphere, via gas-to-particle conversion. Here we assess the importance of new particle formation (NPF) for both the present-day and the preindustrial atmospheres. We use a global aerosol model with parametrizations of NPF from previously published CLOUD chamber experiments involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, organic molecules, and ions. We find that NPF produces around 67% of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2% supersaturation (CCN0.2%) at the level of low clouds in the preindustrial atmosphere (estimated uncertainty range 45-84%) and 54% in the present day (estimated uncertainty range 38-66%). Concerning causes, we find that the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in NPF and CCN formation is greater than previously thought. Removing BVOCs and hence all secondary organic aerosol from our model reduces low-cloud-level CCN concentrations at 0.2% supersaturation by 26% in the present-day atmosphere and 41% in the preindustrial. Around three quarters of this reduction is due to the tiny fraction of the oxidation products of BVOCs that have sufficiently low volatility to be involved in NPF and early growth. Furthermore, we estimate that 40% of preindustrial CCN0.2% are formed via ion-induced NPF, compared with 27% in the present day, although we caution that the ion-induced fraction of NPF involving BVOCs is poorly measured at present. Our model suggests that the effect of changes in cosmic ray intensity on CCN is small and unlikely to be comparable to the effect of large variations in natural primary aerosol emissions. Plain Language Summary New particle formation in the atmosphere is the process by which gas molecules collide and stick together to form atmospheric aerosol particles. Aerosols act as seeds for cloud droplets, so the concentration of aerosols in the atmosphere affects the properties of clouds. It is important to understand how aerosols affect clouds because they reflect a lot of incoming solar radiation away from Earth's surface, so changes in cloud properties can affect the climate. Before the Industrial Revolution, aerosol concentrations were significantly lower than they are today. In this article, we show using global model simulations that new particle formation was a more important mechanism for aerosol production than it is now. We also study the importance of gases emitted by vegetation, and of atmospheric ions made by radon gas or cosmic rays, in preindustrial aerosol formation. We find that the contribution of ions and vegetation to new particle formation was also greater in the preindustrial period than it is today. However, the effect on particle formation of variations in ion concentration due to changes in the intensity of cosmic rays reaching Earth was small.Peer reviewe

Ethnic Integration and Development in China

This paper pursues an inquiry into the relationship between ethnicity and development in the largest authoritarian country in the contemporary world, the People’s Republic of China. It engages the theoretical literature on ethnic diversity and development in general, but also pays special attention to political economy logics unique to authoritarian systems. Focusing on the western part of China over a decade since the launch of China’s Western Development Program (xibu da kaifa) in 2000, this paper utilizes the data from two censuses (2000 and 2010) together with nighttime streetlight imagery data to analyze the overall relationship between ethnicity and development provision. It also analyzes changes in such a relationship during this period. The paper finds that ethnic minority concentration negatively correlates with economic development in both the years 2000 and 2010 across the western provinces. It also finds that counties in non-autonomous provinces, which are historically more integrated with the rest of China than autonomous provinces, have a positive and systematic correlation between changes in ethnic minority concentration and changes in development during the 10-year period. The counties in autonomous provinces, on the other hand, show the opposite trend. Using three case studies of Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang, the paper concludes that although there is in general a tendency for ethnic minority concentrated areas to be less developed, ultimately which groups prosper more or less depends upon specific economic development and which political control logics the Chinese state implements

Lifetime measurement of the 2₁⁺ state in ⁷⁴Rb and isospin properties of quadrupole transition strengths at N = Z

Self-conjugate nuclei in the A ≈ 70–80 region have attracted a great deal of attention due to phenomena such as shape coexistence and increasing collectivity along the N=Zline. We investigate the structure of nuclei in this region through lifetime measurements using the GRETINA array. The first implementation of the Differential Recoil Distance Doppler Shift technique with fast radioactive beams is demonstrated and verified through a measurement of the well-known B(E2; 2₁⁺→ 0₁⁺)transition strength in ⁷⁴Kr. The method is then applied to determine the B(E2; 2₁⁺→ 0₁⁺) transition strength in ⁷⁴Rb, the heaviest odd–odd N=Z nucleus for which this quantity has been determined. This result and extended systematics along N=Z suggest the dominance of the isoscalar part of the quadrupole transition strengths in self-conjugate nuclei, as well as the possible presence of shape coexistence in ⁷⁴Rb