Meningkatkan Kinerja Database Billing pada Warnet PT. Dinustech dengan Menggunakan Trigger dan Stored Procedure

Laporan Tugas Akhir dengan judul "Meningkatkan Kinerja Database Billing Pada Warnet PT. Dinustech dengan Menggunakan Trigger dan Stored Procedure" merupakan sistem yang di buat untuk memperbaiki sistem yang sudah ada dalam database billing. Sistem yang dibuat ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja database billing sehingga mengurangi delay atau lag pada sistem sebelumnya Metodologi pengumpulan data menggunakan metode : interview yaitu cara mengumpulkan data dengan mengadakan tanya jawab langsung dengan bagian yang berhubungan dengan obyek yang diteliti. Survei yaitu pengamatan langsung mengenai sistem database yang lama pada Warnet PT. Dinustec. Studi pustaka adalah pengumpulan data dengan mempelajari buku atau literatur-literatur mengenai perancangan dan desain suatu sistem. Desain sistem dan perancangan database yang digunakan mulai dari Context Diagram, DFD Level, ERD, Normalisasi dan Kamus Data menghasilkan suatu sistem database yang lebih baik dan tertata dibandingkan dengan database sebelumnya, Peningkatan pada sistem database ini terdapat pada penataan ulang relasi-relasi tabel pada database sebelumnya. Kemudian melakukan otomatisasi pada beberapa proses dengan menggunakan trigger dan stored procedure. Dengan adanya peningkatan ini, masalah-masalah sebelumnya berupa delay atau lag pada client warnet tersebut berkurang, dan juga sistem laporan pun menjadi lebih mudah dan jelas

Detailed regional predictions of N2O and NO emissions from a tropical highland rainforest [Discussion paper]

Tropical forest soils are a significant source for the greenhouse gas N2O as well as for NO, a precursor of tropospheric ozone. However, current estimates are uncertain due to the limited number of field measurements. Furthermore, there is considerable spatial and temporal variability of N2O and NO emissions due to the variation of environmental conditions such as soil properties, vegetation characteristics and meteorology. In this study we used a process-based model (ForestDNDC-tropica) to estimate N2O and NO emissions from tropical highland forest (Nyungwe) soils in southwestern Rwanda. To extend the model inputs to regional scale, ForestDNDC-tropica was linked to an exceptionally large legacy soil dataset. There was agreement between N2O and NO measurements and the model predictions though the ForestDNDC-tropica resulted in considerable lower emissions for few sites. Low similarity was specifically found for acidic soil with high clay content and reduced metals, indicating that chemo-denitrification processes on acidic soils might be under-represented in the current ForestDNDC-tropica model. The results showed that soil bulk density and pH are the most influential factors driving spatial variations in soil N2O and NO emissions for tropical forest soils. The area investigated (1113 km2) was estimated to emit ca. 439 ± 50 t N2O-N yr−1 (2.8–5.5 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1) and 244 ± 16 t NO-N yr−1 (0.8–5.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Consistent with less detailed studies, we confirm that tropical highland rainforest soils are a major source of atmospheric N2O and NO

Linking canopy-scale mesophyll conductance and phloem sugar delta C-13 using empirical and modelling approaches

Interpreting phloem carbohydrate or xylem tissue carbon isotopic composition as measures of water-use efficiency or past tree productivity requires in-depth knowledge of the factors altering the isotopic composition within the pathway from ambient air to phloem contents and tree ring. One of least understood of these factors is mesophyll conductance (g(m)). We formulated a dynamic model describing the leaf photosynthetic pathway including seven alternative g(m) descriptions and a simple transport of sugars from foliage down the trunk. We parameterised the model for a boreal Scots pine stand and compared simulated g(m) responses with weather variations. We further compared the simulated delta C-13 of new photosynthates among the different g(m) descriptions and against measured phloem sugar delta C-13. Simulated g(m) estimates of the seven descriptions varied according to weather conditions, resulting in varying estimates of phloem delta C-13 during cold/moist and warm/dry periods. The model succeeded in predicting a drought response and a postdrought release in phloem sugar delta C-13 indicating suitability of the model for inverse prediction of leaf processes from phloem isotopic composition. We suggest short-interval phloem sampling during and after extreme weather conditions to distinguish between mesophyll conductance drivers for future model development.Peer reviewe

Developing Leadership in Managers to Facilitate the Implementation of National Guideline Recommendations: A Process Evaluation of Feasibility and Usefulness

Background: Previous research supports the claim that managers are vital players in the implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), yet little is known about interventions aiming to develop managers’ leadership in facilitating implementation. In this pilot study, process evaluation was employed to study the feasibility and usefulness of a leadership intervention by exploring the intervention’s potential to support managers in the implementation of national guideline recommendations for stroke care in outpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Eleven senior and frontline managers from five outpatient stroke rehabilitation centers participated in a fourmonth leadership intervention that included workshops, seminars, and teleconferences. The focus was on developing knowledge and skills to enhance the implementation of CPG recommendations, with a particular focus on leadership behaviors. Each dyad of managers was assigned to develop a leadership plan with specific goals and leadership behaviors for implementing three rehabilitation recommendations. Feasibility and usefulness were explored through observations and interviews with the managers and staff members prior to the intervention, and then one month and one year after the intervention. Results: Managers considered the intervention beneficial, particularly the participation of both senior and frontline managers and the focus on leadership knowledge and skills for implementing CPG recommendations. All the managers developed a leadership plan, but only two units identified goals specific to implementing the three stroke rehabilitation recommendations. Of these, only one identified leadership behaviors that support implementation. Conclusion: Managers found that the intervention was delivered in a feasible way and appreciated the focus on leadership to facilitate implementation. However, the intervention appeared to have limited impact on managers’ behaviors or clinical practice at the units. Future interventions directed towards managers should have a stronger focus on developing leadership skills and behaviors to tailor implementation plans and support implementation of CPG recommendations

High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forests

Tropical forests store 40-50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon(1). However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests(2). Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation(3), AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests(2). Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1-164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network(4) and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane(2,5,6) and lowland(7) forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa(8). We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests(4) is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse(9,10) and carbon-rich ecosystems. The aboveground carbon stock of a montane African forest network is comparable to that of a lowland African forest network and two-thirds higher than default values for these montane forests.Peer reviewe